Flood preparedness initiatives of high-risk communities of Jakarta (original) (raw)
Community responses and adaptation strategies toward flood hazard in Jakarta, Indonesia
Natural Hazards, 2014
Jakarta, as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, has long been known to be at risk from flood hazard. It is increasingly recognized that community responses and adaptation strategies are essential for planning future mitigation action. In order to investigate the community responses and adaptation strategies employed in Jakarta, indepth interviews were performed in the flood-prone areas. The results reveal that vulnerability to flooding is increasing, and it is linked to several factors: (1) stakeholders, (2) environment, (3) communities, and (4) infrastructure and its maintenance. Various physical adaptation strategies have been adopted by the local communities, which include raising the housing level, building terraced housing, and building small dikes to prevent water entering the settlements. Several non-physical adaptations were also identified from the fieldwork. These adaptations tend to be conducted through communal work and the reuse of resources and materials left undamaged by flooding. However, uncoordinated responses during flood events produce greater exposure to the hazard, and it can be inferred that community responses remain below the ideal. This study highlights the need for urgent attention to be given to improving the institutional links between stakeholders, especially at the municipal level, which could provide more efficient disaster response.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
Climate change-related extreme events such as floods have and will continue to present a great challenge to disaster risk management. There is a pressing need to develop a robust management strategy via enhancing the resiliency of the community, particularly in the context of complex urban environments, like Jakarta. Resilience is conceptualized within specific contexts and uniquely tailored to the targeted setting, yet research regarding the operational concept of a flood-resilient community in the context of Jakarta remains limited. This paper will elaborate this operational concept through understanding the desirable features and influential barriers of a flood-resilient community through the lenses of three main stakeholder groups: disaster risk reduction (DRR), climate change adaptation (CCA), and development. It will also discuss the ways in which the synergies that exist across these groups can be enhanced. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were applied in this stu...
Flood disaster risk in Jakarta, Indonesia
Ecology and the Environment, 2012
This research aims at investigating the level of environmental awareness knowledge on the part of Jakarta community members in anticipating the huge flood that occurs annually in Jakarta city and its neighbouring areas. Survey and field observation have been employed in this research that focuses on the eastern part of Jakarta. A total number of 160 respondents from 40 families have been involved in the study. They consist of parents and their >16-year-old sons and daughters who were asked to complete a questionnaire for this research. Findings show (1) a knowledge sub-indicator level of 21.88% for environmental awareness and 43.12% for flood risks; whereas, (2) sub-indicator related to attitude towards environment of the community members living in flood-prone area is 47.25%. This later figure is an average of several indicators. When each of these indicators is observed, we can see a very low indicator of environmental related behaviour; i.e. people who are not disappointed with the existence of illegal buildings along the river flow reach 28.75%. By careful observation of the indicators, we can identify one indicator that signifies very poor environmental behaviour; i.e. the community are not disappointed to see the rows of illegal constructions along the river banks. Interviews with the community, represented by parents, reveal that they understand about the risks of yearly floods, know that they must dispose waste/trash in proper place, and comprehend that they should keep the drainage system in front of their houses free of trash/garbage. However, their knowledge is not reflected in their daily living practices. The Jakarta Community does not have sufficient environmental awareness that their effort to control/manage the risk of floods is very poor. It gets worse by their negative attitude about moving out from the flood-prone areas (43.7%). Findings of this research are supported by what actually happens in Jakarta as flood occurs every time it rains. In conclusion, public environmental awareness in Jakarta, focused on anticipating the occurrence of floods, is quite poor. This has been the
Kyoto University, 2015
COMMUNITY-BASED PRACTICES TO COPE WITH COASTAL AND RIVER FLOODS IN SEMARANG CITY, INDONESIA Aprillia FINDAYANI Key Words: Community-based Practices, Coastal and River Floods 1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Flood disaster, by number and economic losses, account for about a third of all natural catastrophes throughout the world. Semarang, as a waterfront city has been suffering from floods since historic time. Flooding within the city is still a major problem for the local government of Semarang City. Many areas in Semarang City, especially along the rivers and along the shore, are suffering from flooding. This research aims to capture people’s perception and response to two different kind of flood. The study focused on two objectives: the first main objective is to identify and analyze community response and its relation to their knowledge, preparedness and action level. The second objective is to propose a framework of community based-disaster education to enhance the resilience to flood. 2. METHODOLOGY This is an exploratory case study based on primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through observational study, questionnaires, semi structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Literature review and contextual data from the Semarang city government were used as a secondary data. A sample size of 128 was chosen with 87 questionnaires administered to the respondents in coastal area, and 41 questionnaires administered to the respondents in riverside. The selection of respondents was based on purposive sampling methods. Semi structured interviews were conducted to Semarang Water Management Agency, Semarang Planning and Development Board, Semarang City Planning Agency, Head of District and Sub District Offices in research areas. 3. FINDINGS The findings of the study indicated that people in the coastal areas have a high level of knowledge about floods (64%). This knowledge is comparatively high on amount of their past experiences of floods; however they lack in preparedness (43%) because most of the residents are fishermen who have low income so they could not must much effort to adapt their building to flood. On the other hand, people in the inland, they lack in knowledge (18%) because flood is comparatively recent in their area; but they have a good level of preparedness (24%) because they belong to high and middle level income strata. Furthermore, both communities in the coastal area and inland have a high level of action because of a high knowledge and experience for coastal residents and a good preparedness for inland residents. 4. CONCLUSION This research leads to recommendation to improve the adaptive capacity of the people to cope with the floods. The recommendation is to develop Community-based Disaster Education (CBDE) Framework with the main purpose is to increase community knowledge about disaster and to enhance community resilience to flood. An active participation of the community, local government agency, community organization as well as schools is needed to reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events as the part of Disaster Risk Reduction. Figure 1. Community-based Disaster Education framework
Ready to go? The importance of Being Prepared for Flood disaster
There is a growing awareness that disasters can strike anytime and anywhere. On an average, a disaster occurs in everyday somewhere in the world. Many developing countries, have limited preparedness for disaster response. Preparedness means preparing to handle an emergency and include plans or preparations made to save lives and to help response and rescue operations. If a disaster occurs in the community, local government and disaster-relief organizations will try to help the victim, but the victim itself needs to be ready as well. Local responders may not be able to reach the victim immediately, or they may need to focus their efforts elsewhere. The victim should also be ready to be self-sufficient for at least three days. This may mean providing for own shelter, first aid, food, water, and sanitation. This review paper aimed to study the impact of disaster preparedness, importance of preparedness in flood disaster, ways of emergency preparedness for flood disaster and benefits of preparedness for flood disaster. INTRODUCTION Increasing the incidence rate of disasters, including flood disaster around the world is one of the major threats to human health and life. Although the prevention of disaster is difficult, disaster preparedness and effective and timely response can minimize the devastating effects of disaster. Disaster preparedness is highly needed to handle these unpredictable situations effectively. To meet this aim, many personnel from various professionals need to support this plan of disaster preparedness [6].
Community Preparedness in Facing Flood Disaster in Martapura Timur District, Banjar Regency
The Innovation of Social Studies Journal
This study is to examine community preparedness as an effort to mitigate flood disasters. Research related to community preparedness in dealing with disasters is needed to manage disasters in the future. Thus, this is the first step in building a disaster-aware community. So that when a disaster occurs, the community has the attitude and ability to understand how to prepare for a flood disaster. This type of research is quantitative, with data analysis used with quantitative descriptive methods. Data collection is used by directly collecting the results of questionnaires prepared in advance to the public and collecting documents related to research variables using survey methods. The research was conducted in Martapura Timur District, Banjar Regency. This study analyzes the community s preparedness data in dealing with floods by using data analysis of the percentage of community preparedness to face flood disasters. Community preparedness is calculated based on an interval classific...
2010
Kelurahan Sewu of Surakarta City is located in a flood prone area. The largest flood inundation which occurred on the late December 2007 caused inundation on the entire village. Strengthening and raising public awareness of disaster-prone areas is necessary in order to reduce the vulnerability and risk. Community knowledge is very important to improve preparedness and mitigation to reduce impact due to flood. The research is focused on a local scale, and is based on community knowledge of, flood hazard, identify the element at risk, and assess the vulnerability of each of the elements at risk.
Miscellanea Geographica
Debris flows and flash floods pose a continuing hazard to Nyalindung, a village in a mountainous part of West Java. On 16 December 2013, three days of heavy rain and a partial breaching of a succession of landslide dams triggered a debris flow and flash flood. One person died, nine homes were damaged, and 53 residents were evacuated. We asked villagers who were directly affected by that disaster about their knowledge of the hazard, in the hope of developing adaptation strategies. The survey showed that the majority of the villagers first became aware of the hazard during the 2013 disaster. Practical solutions exclude relocation because the village has stood in flow paths for the past 70 years or more, and because the families residing there are attached to the land and each other. We recommend combining public education about existing hazards with early warning technology.
Household Preparedness for Flood Disaster in Surakarta City 2017
GeoEco
This research case aims to determine (1) The spread of floods in the city of Surakarta in 2016; (2) Uncertainty factors that causing floods based on community perception in Surakarta City; (3) Individual and household preparedness levels in dealing with flood disaster in Surakarta City; (4) Implementation of science as a teaching material of geography in grade XI Senior High School on basic material of natural disaster mitigation. The research was conducted in Western City of Surakarta. The area assumed in Western City of Surakarta are Banjarsari district, Laweyan District, and Serengan District. Eligible samples consisted of 11 villages affected by flood in 2016, sampling of administrative unit using purposive sampling technique. The sample has been taken is the number of individuals / households in each 'RW' affected by floods in each villages, the number of samples is using snowball sampling technique. Data collection was done by documentation study, interview, questionnaire, and interview. Data validity test is done by data triangulation method. Data analysis is using Likert approach and LIPI preparedness measurement framework-UNESCO / ISDR. The results of the research are as follows: (1) flooding spread in eleven sub-districts in West Surakarta City which is divided into 3 regions based on administrative unit of analysis. Banjarsari District having local flood characteristics and submissions with elevation and duration of time falling into the low category. Laweyan District areas have local flood characteristics and postings with elevation and duration of time that falling into the low category. Serengan District has local flood characteristics and post with elevation and duration falling into the medium category; (2). Factors causing high flooding, garbage disposal, and flood control building conditions; (3) Individual and household preparedness studies in all villages are in a ready category;
What are the Essentials for Community Resilience against Recurring Floods?
International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
Flood has become the recurring and prominent disaster risk in Indonesia's Capital Region, Jakarta. Heavy rain intensity merged with urban development issues, including urbanization, land subsidence, and water recharge land conversion causes the widening of flooded areas across Jakarta, Bekasi, Tangerang, and Depok. This causes the need for communities at risk to catch up in their institutional and non-institutional capacity to cope with the flood impacts during the rainy season each year. Thus, communities have learned to depend less on institutional capacities and invest in community resilience instead. This study assesses the community flood resilience factors found in current literature and compares them with the findings from community cases Kampung Melayu and Kebon Baru Urban Communities (Kelurahan) in Jakarta. This paper aims to validate and contrasts the key contributing factors to community resilience based on the literature and findings from flood-prone communities in two urban communities in Jakarta. Community resilience data were collected through town watching, interviews, and community engagement observation in two months. The study found that prominent factors for resilience within the community in these case study locations are leadership, activism, and volunteerism through periodic capacity building and community engagement activities across all sectors. Moreover, there is a need for mutual acknowledgment between community grassroots organizations and government authorities to enhance and accelerate resilience building. Keywords-Ciliwung River Basin; community resilience; urban neighborhoods; flood risk management; hydro-meteorological hazard.
From Risk to Readiness: Exploring Community Preparedness for Monsoon Floods in East Coast Malaysia
Disaster Advances, 2025
Floods during the monsoon season are a recurring phenomenon in Malaysia's East Coast, with Kelantan communities frequently affected from November to March. These floods cause significant loss of life and economic damage, emphasising the need for increased awareness and preparedness. This study employs quantitative research methods to evaluate the preparedness of the Tok Deh community in Kelantan who experienced severe floods in 2014 and 2022. Fifty respondents completed a questionnaire assessing five indicators: knowledge of floods, reading flood signs, flood adaptation, flood awareness and flood perception. The results indicate high community knowledge about floods (mean score, M = 3.82) and a strong belief that floods are inevitable during monsoons (4.42). The community showed high confidence in Government support post-flood (4.36-4.42), effective sharing of flood-related knowledge (4.42) and high awareness of evacuation centre locations (4.44). However, participation in disaster awareness campaigns (3.52) and awareness of the importance of infrastructure (3.68) need improvement. Confidence in the safety of homes and buildings is moderate to low (2.32-2.72). Although the community anticipates large-scale flooding within the next decade (4.10), individual preparedness remains inadequate. This study highlights the community's strong flood-related knowledge and collective preparedness and calls for improved personal preparedness, expert knowledge access and communication with non-governmental organisations to enhance resilience.
2010
Frequent occurrences of natural disaster with high impacts on urban area have become raising concerns in this decade. It is not only because of geodynamic and geographical position of Indonesia that made the country highly prone to many natural hazards, but also increased number of high populated cities and number of people living in cities outnumbered those in rural area. Among those urban-centered disasters, the most frequent with severe accumulated loss is hydro-meteorological disaster. Meanwhile, obtaining a flood free city is very costly; a certain level of acceptable risk should be taken. Without comprehensive strategies that politically, socially and economically accepted by stakeholders, the existence of any disaster risk reduction countermeasures is less effective to confront risk perception and attitude of people living in high populated urban flood prone area. To cope with this disaster situation, effective flood early warning should be one of optimum solutions in saving ...
Community-Based Flood Risk Management: Empowering Local Responses: A Case Study in Meru, Klang
Asian social science, 2024
With an expansive flood-prone region, effectively managing risks, particularly those impacting residents in flood-prone communities, poses a significant challenge for Malaysia. Regular in-depth studies are essential to enable the country to anticipate and comprehend the emerging risks that capable of causing both loss of life and damage to properties and public infrastructure. This research aimed to investigate the dynamics of flood risk management and present recommendations for stakeholders in mitigating the consequences of flood events. Employing a qualitative approach, 13 participants, all flood victims residing in Meru, Klang, were purposefully selected. The participants were divided into two groups: the first group, comprising 5 participants, engaged in a focus group interview, while the second group, consisting of 8 participants, responded to open-ended questions. Both groups answered identical structured questions in both oral and written formats. Thematic Analysis (TA) was applied to analyse the data from these exercises. The findings revealed that flood risk management comprises four components: psychological risk, improper development risk, evacuation risk, and communal risk. The study recommends the implementation of a comprehensive flood mitigation plan covering pre-, during, and post-flood phases to address the specific requirements arising during flood events. It is hoped that this research contributes valuable insights to augment the existing flood management system, benefiting not only the victims but also all stakeholders involved in managing the impacts of flood events.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019
The urbanization rate in Malaysia is predicted up to 85% in 2040 with a population reaching up to 46 million. Given urban development pressure, extreme climate and environmental degradation, the number of disasters is increasing with a large number of victims, casualties, and damaged infrastructures. Therefore, there is a critical need to quantify the underlying risks, strengthen disaster preparedness and build a resilient urban community in a disaster vulnerable region. This study aims to provide a new insight into the assessment of urban resilience and the development of social resilience strategy for reducing disaster risk in Malaysia. A study area is located in Kampung Asahan, Kuala Selangor district, the second biggest district in the state of Selangor. It is worth to mention that Selangor is the most economically vibrant state that contributes to 23% to the national Gross Domestic Products (GDP) with a population of 6.38 million residents. This study analyses a series of historical floods, the potential for future occurrence and socioeconomic impact for supporting risk-informed development and investment. A questionnaire survey was organized to establish the baseline data, analysed local risk profiles while preparing an action plan and flood preparedness toolkit towards strengthening urban resilience in Selangor. This study is in line with the spirits underlying the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, Urban Agenda 2030 and supporting the use of science, technology and innovation for disaster risk reduction (DRR), mainstreaming DRR into future development planning, and making our cities more resilient to future disasters in Malaysia.
Local Knowledge of Flood Preparedness: Current Phenomena to Future Action
Jurnal Teknologi, 2016
Understanding local knowledge towards isolated incidents is important as a means to the inclusion and participation of local people in disaster management and preparedness activities. Indeed, investigating how local people or communities in a particular area view and interact with their environment and its changes is crucial. In recent years, extreme weather phenomenon has caused havoc not only other parts of the world, but also in Malaysiawith major destructions to most lives and properties. Much research and development has focused on these global phenomena. The situation is getting alarming in Malaysia, especially along the eastern coastal area. In light of the big flood of Kelantan in 2014, this study aimed to discover the local communities’ knowledge on flood preparedness. Face-to-face interviews and a series of workshops were conducted with 15 respondents, from professionals, voluntaries, community leaders, and affected communities. The aftermath of the big flood showed that a...
The purpose of this study is to describe the risk anticipation strategy in facing flood as an action by local people particularly in the settlement area of Makassar suburbs. This is urgent to describe due that flood area is the densely populated area. This research used interviews, observation and literature study. Interviewing is for residents about their strategy in anticipating the risk of floods. Results of interviews that are mapped are based on the indicators of risk anticipating strategy. Observation technique is about the settlement condition before and after the flood. Literature study is about related theory and the same problem of this research for comparing each other. This study found that the residents as local people in risk anticipating flood as strategy, such as refuge to relatives and neighbors whose homes are free of the flood, store goods on higher ground, or tie to keep them from flood flowing, pet animals, preparing rubber tires for transportation. 1. Introduction Flood is one of the problems faced by people, especially in lowland areas. The high rainfall in the rainy season resulted in large volumes of water flowing rapidly to the lowlands. The after effects are the presence of standing water in one area for several days and soaking, even destroying whatever is in the area. This condition is the threat and the losses caused by the flood in the form of material, psychic, to the loss of life of both cattle and humans. Natural factors generally influence flood disaster in the form of high rainfall; soil surface is lower than the sea water level. Human factors also play important roles such as improper land use (settlements in riverbanks, catchment areas, deforestation, etc., garbage disposal into rivers or canals, construction of settlements in flood-prone areas [1], and networks problematic drainage [2]. One of the big cities in Indonesia is the flood-prone category the city of Makassar. Various sources of data indicate that every year there is a flood in the city of Makassar. In the last 2 years, for example, in mid-December 2017, a wave of one meter high in the suburbs of Makassar City [3], then mid-January 2018, heavy rains made people anxious [4], and mid-March 2018, floods inundated Biringkanaya sub-district [5]. In 2015, Rudiyanto conducted a study by identifying the critical zone of flood puddle in Makassar City found that 32.97% of Makassar city area is a crucial area of inundation zone. The critical potential zone of the puddle is located in the center of Makassar City, which includes Ujung Tanah sub-districts,
Understanding community-led resilience: the Jakarta floods experience
The Australian journal of emergency management, 2017
Disasters contribute to the complexity of urban problems such as water and sanitation, waste management and infrastructure damage. For some countries illegal settlements, slum areas, urbanisation, internal migration and employment dislocation exacerbate these problems. A common urban disaster that occurs in many Asian and Pacific countries is flooding, especially during the rainy season. Floods in Jakarta affect vulnerable communities situated on the riverbank of the Ciliwung River. Temporary shelters have been used in response, but they have not answered the needs of these communities. While many studies argue that socio-economic factors are significant contributors to community resilience, this study found that cultural and historical connections, 'connecting to place', was a significant factor that helps people survive and adapt. As such, relocating communities to safer locations is not always the answer and may contribute to other problems. This study supports designs fo...
Geosfera Indonesia
The Bahorok River basin has a high flash-flood hazard index. This is shown by loss of lives and damage of homes due to floods in recent years, however, no research examined community preparedness on the hazard of flash-flood. This research aimed to assess the effect of disaster experience and flood-risk perception on disaster preparedness of the people of Bukit Lawang Plantation Village. A cross-sectional survey design was used to determine the relationship between disaster experience, risk perception and preparedness as the independent and dependent variables, respectively. The results showed that disaster experience and risk perception positively and significantly affect the community preparedness. Disaster risk reduction programs in the region only focus on emergency response, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. Furthermore, increasing public awareness and preparedness has not been prioritized in reducing flood risk. This is an essential aspect for consideration because mountaino...