Campus Sexual Harassment and Departmental Climate (original) (raw)
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Poisoned waters: Sexual harassment and the college climate
Sex roles, 1998
This study of 369 und ergradu ate studen ts (59% female and 41% m ale‚ 4.7% African -Am erican ‚ 2% Latin o/a-Am erican ‚ 3.6% Internation al‚ an d 88% White-Am erican ) fou nd that both wom en and m en were sexually harassed by faculty an d other studen ts with a sim ilarly high frequency. More subtle form s of sexually harassing beh aviors were experienced than were the m ore severe behavio rs from both facu lty an d students. A greater toleran ce for sexually harassin g behaviors from facu lty than peers was fou nd. While m ore wom en than m en used the label sexual harassm ent‚ few studen ts of either gen der who e xp e rie n c e d
2006
Using a campus climate assessment instrument developed fry Rankin (1998), we suneyed students (N = 7,347) from 10 campuses to explore the different experiences with harassment and campus climates reported fry men and women. Both men and women reported experiencing harassment, although women experienced harassment at statisticaliy significantlY higher rates than men. Women reported higher rates ofsexual harassment, while men reported higher rates oj harassment based uponsexuality. These findings are understood, and implications are provided, using a lens oj power and privilege.
Sex Roles, 1989
A Ithough much research on sexual harassment within the academy has been concerned with how prevalent this problem is, it continues to be very narrow in its scope by focusing almost entirely on the abuse directed toward subordinates. This study explores the sexual harassment of women professors by students to gain insight into how widespread the problem is, and to understand better how both gender and status define an individual's vulnerability to sexual harassment. Survey data from 208 female instructors employed at a major university revealed that women professors experience a variety of behaviors, mostly from male students, which range from sexist comments to sexual assault. Furthermore, most professors perceive such behaviors to be sexual harassment, despite the professor's formal power. Generally, women professors are able to deal effectively with these situations, usually by confronting the individual directly or trying to avoid the student, at least in relatively minor instances of sexual harassment.
Gender Differences in Perception of Sexual Harassment among University Students
Gender and behaviour, 2012
The investigation of gender differences in perception of sexual harassment among students was necessitated by the need to address interpersonal violence as a psychosocial problem. Though it has attracted much attention by universities in developed countries, it is not the case in Nigeria where the level of awareness among students and staff is low while the problem exists. The survey utilized a 12-item sexual harassment scale designed for the research. Data collection involved a sample of 420 respondents (both male and females) who are students in various faculties in the University of Ibadan. Findings revealed a high perception of sexual harassment on all the items, and females were higher than the males on all the sexual harassment items (t=2.57, df=418, p<.05). This confirmed the predicted hypothesis that male and females differ in their perception of what constitute sexual harassment in the university. The need to establish a center to handle sensitization of the university community about the contents and consequences of sexual harassment on one hand, and its prevention and control on the other was recommended.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2003
The present study investigated 3 potential sources of variability in university students' perceptions of sexual harassment in hypothetical professor-student scenarios: raters'gender, gender of the professor and student, and rater' own sexual harassment. Participants were most likely to identify the interactions as harassment when they involved a male offender and a female victim. They were less likely to label the behaviors as harassment when they occurred between members of the same gender or between a female professor and a male student. Women were more open to viewing the scenarios as harassment and men were unlikely to view the interactions between a female professor and a male student as harassment. Personal history of sexual harassment did not influence participants' perceptions.
Sexual Harassment in Academic Institutions and Demand to Regulate Male Sexuality
Sexuality & Culture, 2020
The recent upheaval and outcry over sexual abuse and harassment of women in academic institutions have raised serious concern and questions over the relationship between men and women (Ridde et al. 2019; Johnson et al. 2018). The rapid increase and reporting of cases related to gender-based harassment, unwanted sexual attention, sexual imposition, and sexual coercion demand a critical examination of underlying causes of such behaviour and men-women relationship in academic institutions (Gohain 2018). The relationship between men and women cannot be harmonious when women are scared and suspicious of their male supervisors, boss, colleagues, and co-workers. Men and women are in close contact and in working relationship in all spheres of their life; nevertheless, they are suspicious of each other, divided, and living in their own world to avoid tarnishing their reputation (McCulloch 2019). After the 'Me Too' and 'Time's up' campaign, many men follow 'Billy Graham rule' to 'avoid any situation that would have even the appearance of compromise or suspicion' to avoid tarnishing their reputation by either falling prey to sexual temptation or inviting gossip about impropriety (Connley 2019; Johnson and Smith 2017). It often alienates women and generates a sense of mistrust and vulnerability among them. The sexual abuse and harassment of women in academia are historical and not new (Ridde et al. 2019). Nevertheless, the 'Me too' campaign and other similar campaigns globally have shown that women are vulnerable to sexual abuse and harassment globally. A recent study on Sexual Harassment of Women: Climate, Culture, and Consequences in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine by Johnson et al. (2018) shows that harassment of women is not limited to particular disciplines. The authors cite a recent study of the Pennsylvania State University system where 33% of female undergraduates and 43% of graduate students in all disciplines reported experiencing sexual harassment from faculty or staff. According to the report, 50% of female
Sexual harassment on campus: Individual differences in attitudes and beliefs
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1990
Attitudes about sexual harassment were assessed in a group of 224 undergraduate students. Participants responded to scenarios in which a male professor made inappropriate sexual advances to a female student. Participants then completed rating scales and questions concerning attributions of blame for harassment, educational and emotional effects, and strategies for coping with harassment. The students were divided into high and low groups on the basis of their scores on the Performance Self-Esteem Scale (PSES) and Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS). The subject groups most tolerant of harassment and least aware of potential harm to its victims were high self-esteem women with traditional sex-role attitudes. Participants also provided information as to their own harassment experiences. Women's reported reactions to actual harassment were consistent with their responses to scenarios. Results are discussed in the context of prevailing sex-role standards.
Graduate Women, Sexual Harassment, and University Policy
The Journal of Higher Education, 1987
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