American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines (original) (raw)
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Lung Cancer Screening with Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Primary Care Providers
Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 2014
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening for lung cancer for persons at high risk for lung cancer, based on the age and smoking history of the individual. Lung cancer screening with LDCT does not prevent lung cancer, nor does it eliminate the need to extend smoking cessation referral and support to current smokers screened for lung cancer. Several organizations have recommended that lung cancer screening with LDCT be conducted as part of structured, high-volume, high-quality programs by a multidisciplinary team skilled in the evaluation and treatment of lung cancer. It is important for primary care providers to know the resources available in their communities for lung cancer screening with LDCT and smoking cessation, and the key points to be communicated to patients for informed and shared decision-making discussion about lung cancer screening.
Lung cancer screening guidelines: common ground and differences
Translational lung cancer research, 2014
Lung cancer accounts for almost one-third of all cancer related deaths. Lung cancer risk persists even after smoking cessation and so many lung cancers now are diagnosed in former smokers. Five-year survival of lung cancer has marginally improved over decades and significantly lags behind that of colon, breast and prostate cancer. Over the past one decade, lung cancer screening trials have shown promising results. Results from National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST), have shown a significant 20% reduction in mortality with annual low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening. Based on these results, annual LDCT testing has been recommended for lung cancer screening in high risk population. However, development and acceptance of lung cancer screening as a public health policy is still in the nascent stages. Major concerns relate to risk of radiation, overdiagnosis bias, proportion of false positives and cost benefit analysis. This article reviews the literature pertaining to lung...
The 50-Year Journey of Lung Cancer Screening: A Narrative Review
Cureus
Early diagnosis and treatment are associated with better outcomes in oncology. We reviewed the existing literature using the search terms "low dose computed tomography" and "lung cancer screening" for systematic reviews, metanalyses, and randomized as well as non-randomized clinical trials in PubMed from January 1, 1963 to April 30, 2022. The studies were heterogeneous and included people with different age groups, smoking histories, and other specific risk scores for lung cancer screening. Based on the available evidence, almost all the guidelines recommend screening for lung cancer by annual low dose CT (LDCT) in populations over 50 to 55 years of age, who are either current smokers or have left smoking less than 15 years back with more than 20 to 30 pack-years of smoking. "LDCT screening" can reduce lung cancer mortality if carried out judiciously in countries with adequate resources and infrastructure.
Using a Smoking Cessation Quitline to Promote Lung Cancer Screening
American Journal of Health Behavior, 2018
L ung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States (US) according to new estimates of cancer incidence reported by the National Cancer Institute: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. 1 Lung and bronchus cancer is responsible for over 13% of all new cancer cases and almost 26% of cancer deaths in the US. 1 The primary risk factor for lung cancer is cigarette smoking, 2 representing 85% of all lung cancer cases. 3 Smoking rates in the US have declined steadily over time; however, 37% of US adults identify as either current or former smokers. 3 Thus, lung cancer will remain an area of high priority for the next several years. The 5-year survival from lung cancer is only 18.1%, 1 primarily because it is often detected at later stages. If detected after metastasis to other sites, the 5-year survival from lung cancer is just 4.5%; 1 this rises to 55.6% if detected at the primary site. 1 Lung cancer screening is premised on detecting localized disease that is more responsive to treatment. 4 Low-dose computed tomography
Smoking cessation results in a clinical lung cancer screening program
Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2016
Background: Lung cancer screening may provide a "teachable moment" for promoting smoking cessation. This study assessed smoking cessation and relapse rates among individuals undergoing follow-up low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) in a clinical CT lung screening program and assessed the influence of initial screening results on smoking behavior. Methods: Self-reported smoking status for individuals enrolled in a clinical CT lung screening program undergoing a follow-up CT lung screening exam between 1st February, 2014 and 31st March, 2015 was retrospectively reviewed and compared to self-reported smoking status using a standardized questionnaire at program entry. Point prevalence smoking cessation and relapse rates were calculated across the entire population and compared with exam results. All individuals undergoing screening fulfilled the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Lung Cancer Screening v1.2012 ® high-risk criteria and had an order for CT lung screening. Results: A total of 1,483 individuals underwent a follow-up CT lung screening exam during the study interval. Smoking status at time of follow-up exam was available for 1,461/1,483 (98.5%). A total of 46% (678/1,461) were active smokers at program entry. The overall point prevalence smoking cessation and relapse rates were 20.8% and 9.3%, respectively. Prior positive screening exam results were not predictive of smoking cessation (OR 1.092; 95% CI, 0.715-1.693) but were predictive of reduced relapse among former smokers who had stopped smoking for 2 years or less (OR 0.330; 95% CI, 0.143-0.710). Duration of program enrollment was predictive of smoking cessation (OR 0.647; 95% CI, 0.477-0.877). Conclusions: Smoking cessation and relapse rates in a clinical CT lung screening program rates are more favorable than those observed in the general population. Duration of participation in the screening program correlated with increased smoking cessation rates. A positive exam result correlated with reduced relapse rates among smokers recently quit smoking.
Cureus, 2021
Lung cancer is the most common cause of death in both men and women. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends annual lung screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) chest for individuals aged 55-80 who have a 30 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years. We reviewed the electronic medical records of patients visiting our outpatient clinic over a period of one year. We included all eligible individuals according to USPSTF guidelines for LDCT to identify screening rates at our institution. All primary care physicians, including residents and attendings, were given a prepared questionnaire to understand their beliefs and concerns with the implementation of this program. A total of 13,500 patients visited the outpatient clinic and 1178 were eligible for LDCT. Forty-five percent (45%) of patients received LDCT screening, which was higher than the national average of 2%-5%. A total of 50 primary care providers were included in the survey. The majority of the providers were aware of the USPSTF guidelines and believed that patients with multiple comorbidities and insurance issues were barriers in initiating LDCT screening. Lung cancer screening is an important component in cancer preventive strategies. Widespread awareness among the primary care providers and the public is extremely necessary for improving the use of LDCT.
Ongoing challenges in implementation of lung cancer screening
Translational Lung Cancer Research, 2021
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Europe and around the world. Although available therapies have undergone considerable development in the past decades, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer remains low. This sobering outlook results mainly from the advanced stages of cancer most patients are diagnosed with. As the population at risk is relatively well defined and early stage disease is potentially curable, lung cancer outcomes may be improved by screening. Several studies already show that lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality. However, for a successful implementation of LCS programmes, several challenges have to be overcome: selection of high-risk individuals, standardization of nodule classification and measurement, specific training of radiologists, optimization of screening intervals and screening duration, handling of ancillary findings are some of the major points which should be addressed. Last but not least, the psychological impact of screening on screened individuals and the impact of potential false positive findings should not be neglected. The aim of this review is to discuss the different challenges of implementing LCS programmes and to give some hints on how to overcome them. Finally, we will also discuss the psychological impact of screening on quality of life and the importance of smoking cessation.