Rules for Maldivian Trading Ships Travelling Abroad 1925 and a Sojourn in Southern Ceylon (original) (raw)
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Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman Maritime Trade Relations
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2021
Sri Lanka had maritime trade relations even in the 6 th century BC and we had famous naval ports used for maritime trade especially for maritime 'Silk Road' used by people who were in Greco-Roman, China, India, Persia for their foreign trade. Therefore, Sri Lanka was able to make new economic relationships. In this study, we mainly focused on Sri Lankan maritime trade relationship with Greco-Roman. Our research problem is, what was the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman?. Our objective is to identify the importance of Sri Lanka along with the Greco-Roman trade. This study was conducted under the qualitative research method using a library survey. From these three sources Literary sources, especially foreign texts have many records about Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade. Some of those authors were Cosmos, Pliny, Ptolemy and Strabo. Some archaeological evidence was found from ports like Mahathittha, Godawaya and Kingdoms like Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa. The main archaeological evidence is Roman and Indo-Roman coins for the trade relationship between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman. Certain Indian factors were also important in conducting this research because Sri Lankan trade had a close relationship with the Indian trade also. From this research we understood that there was an internal transport system in Sri Lanka, Roman trade was spread many places in Sri Lanka, in some times India and Persia acted as intermediaries between Sri Lanka and Greco-Roman trade and the main point we identified was, Sri Lanka was a core in the ancient trade system and by the fifth century AD, Sri Lanka was one of the main trade centres in the Indian Ocean.
Al-Masāq, 2019
The islands of Sri Lanka and Socotra c. 200-700 provide a useful comparison, both with each other and with islands in the Late Antique and medieval Mediterranean. Using the analytical framework of frontiers as a comparative tool, this study proposes using the parameters of scale and proximity in order to evaluate where the frontier(s) of an island lay (along the shoreline or within an island space, sometimes both) and the difficulty or ease of controlling them from inside or outside the island. In its results, this analysis allows for change over time, but also establishes the diachronic effect of physical parameters. It offers a new way through the insular dichotomy of isolation versus connectivity and indicates a particularity of Mediterranean islands. This exploratory approach also sheds new light on an embargo established in ancient Socotra, suggesting it to have been a much shorter-lived phenomenon than previously speculated.
Ports, Islands, and Empire: The Private Trading Worlds of the East India Company, 1700-1833
This paper, delivered at the University of Hull in May 2016, examines the infrastructure necessary to support the maritime operations of the East India Company. But it moves beyond the EIC to explore how private traders took advantage of the various opportunities presented to them when Company ships called at ports and islands en route to and from Asia. The general themes of the paper are illustrated in a case study of Johanna or Anjouan (present-day Nzwami) located in the Comoro Islands of the Mozambique Channel.
Indian merchants abroad: Integrating the Indian ocean world during the early first millennium CE
Journal of Global History
With the rise of post-colonialism during the latter part of the twentieth century, more focus has been given to non-western perspectives (the so-called nativist turn). In the case of Indian Ocean trade during the early first millennium CE, the view that ‘Roman’ merchants and sailors were the near-exclusive movers of goods, who were also (indirectly) responsible for commercial developments within South Asia, has largely fallen into abeyance. Rightly, the agency of those in South Asia has been acknowledged. The present article goes beyond this basic premise and considers how we can assess evidence demonstrating the role played by sailors and merchants from South Asia. In particular, it is suggested these merchants and sailors played an important role in connecting the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal regions.
SRI LANKA: FROM THE ARRIVAL OF HOMO SAPIENS TO THE INDIAN OCEAN MARITIME HUB
This is a case study that shows how the Indian Ocean was a major maritime hub up to the 15th century and was gradually replaced by the Atlantic Ocean after the discovery of the Americas by the Europeans and Christopher Columbus. The Arabs and Chinese played a major role in it up to 1433, but for domestic political reasons, the Chinese dropped all practice of ocean navigation and commerce even before the arrival of the Europeans, which contributed to its decline. Right now we are witnessing a reversal, both the come-back of the Indian Ocean as a crucial global area as well as the come-back of the Chinese as the main actor in this area in the present global context. We are going to show striking similarities between the two historical periods (pre-14th century and 21st century). We will consider the central features of this form of the evolution of the Indian Ocean and consider it in terms of the basic perspective of recent post-civil-conflict in Sri Lanka.
e prevailing image of the Indian Ocean world of trade before the arrival of western Europeans and Ottomans in the region in the sixteenth century is one of a generally peaceful, confl ict-free realm dominated by cosmopolitan traders who moved easily across boundaries of geography, ethnicity, language, and religion. is paper modifi es this picture by examining the evidence for confl ict and competition between pre-modern maritime polities in the western end of the Indian Ocean. In the fi fth/eleventh and sixth/twelfth centuries maritime polities on the islands of Kish in the Persian Gulf and Dahlak in the Red Sea antagonized Aden's supremacy as the region's most frequented entrepot. In the subsequent three centuries, the Ayyubids and Rasulids of Yemen also strove to control maritime routes and networks.