From TraditionalHarmony to Contemporary Disruption (original) (raw)
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The developments in architecture make a statement not only in practicality but also in lifestyles needs for a particular period. There is also a direct association with the architecture with a link to lifestyle, culture, social order, and specific needs within the various areas. The current architecture in Turkey, like most parts of the world including Rome and Greece indicates the development of the landscape as well as the historical, religious, cultural, and home areas reflects understanding of architecture, evident in ottoman rule. Modern development is often one based on urban spaces while the traditional means created with religious formations that were a part of Turkey. The research will examine the different pieces of architecture associated with Turkey’s Ottoman era and contemporary classic-style influenced by European cubism and modernism and introducing westernization and secularization. Consequently, this paper intercepts the ottoman rule with contemporary architecture using literature on architecture from the perspective of historical affiliations and contemporary changes as a part of culture. The concept of architecture in contemporary times in Turkey then will look examine the contemporary artefacts. The paper also examines Ottoman architecture design elements present in modern day mosques. One such element is the dome that has continually characterized the structure of mosques and without which this Islamic symbol loses contact with the audience. Keywords: Ottoman Architecture, Contemporary or Turkey Republic Architecture, Dwellings and Mosques in Turkey,
The morphology of the house in towns and villages developed from the material expression of uses, customs, beliefs and the culture of a particular people. The populations of peasants and farmers inhabiting the villages of northern Syria retain a certain heritage of nomadic Bedouin culture, which manifests itself through the use of spaces, through local social relations, and also through the warm hospitality that has always been shown to strangers and desert travellers. Syrian dome dwellings are cell constructions marked by the notable presence of domed roofs that stand out characteristically in the desert landscape. This type of vernacular construction incorporating a corbelled dome is common in the Mediterranean area and is usually built in stone. Far less common is to find them gathering to form groups of dwellings or even whole villages. Even considering the existence of other conflicting examples, the most distinguishing feature of these dome dwellings lies in their character and capacity to be grouped together, along with the use of adobe as a construction material. The distribution and use of the spaces of a house corresponds rather to the layout of nomadic camps, and the shape of the dome could be seen as symbolically evoking the tent. The earthen dome house originated and evolved over time, stemming from a willingness to apply and develop the most appropriate solutions to meet human needs in relation to the potential and resources of the environmental context. The geometry of the dome itself is not a product of clear intent, but is rather a product in its form and design of the collective intelligence of communities inhabiting the regions of the Middle East. Architecture in such villages does not exactly result from aesthetic research, but from a deep understanding, though often unconscious, of the resources of a place. The owner-builder thus translates into his house certain social and cultural needs, establishing a balance between his village and the forces of nature from which he is seeking to protect himself, living in and integrating into the ecosystem of a particular area.
Journal of Islamic Architecture
Islamic heritage contains rich cultural diversity with residential and publicbuildings which belong to the era of the Ottoman Empire and reflect thecharacter of the Islamic tradition. Today, the influence of Islamic heritagebegins to be represented by the predominance of consumerist culture andtechnology. In particular, Ottoman architecture and its traditional elementsbecame objects of consumption, which set the visual aspect at the forefrontof contemporary design practices. The study criticizes the transformation ofthe authenticity of Ottoman-Islamic architecture into a thematic "authenticappearance". Instead, it refers to the fact that Ottoman-Islamic heritage hasbecome a consumer object. In this context, this study looks at variousexamples found in Turkey, such as hotels, shopping centers, and residentialbuildings. Examples are organized through a theoretical and comparativemethodology between traditional and contemporary approaches. As a result,the article emphasizes the importance of cultural heritage for societies andtheir architecture which must not be transformed into objects ofconsumption linked to interests. The conclusion is that the flexible stance ofthe Ottoman-Islamic structural heritage is open to adaptation. It allows thetradition to be interpreted in the current structural and technologicaldevelopments rather than copied.
A Contemporary Interpretation of Tradition in Mosque Design. Marmara Ilahiyat Mosque, Turkey
ESJ
In recent years, the concept of contemporary mosque architecture has emerged in all Islamic countries. The goal of these structures which are produced using original designs, contemporary materials, technology and construction systems is to design structures which suit modern architectural concepts of today in the architecture of traditional mosques. Taken up with contemporary plan and form concepts rather than traditional plans, contemporary lines and interpretations are seen in liturgical elements such as the mihrap, dais, pulpit, gallerys, courtyard, fountain and minaret, which are indispensable elements of the mosque architecture in these mosques. One of the important points that is dwelled upon with these structures is their interior design. The aim of this study is to examine the design, layout features as well as the interior decoration of the Marmara Ilahiyat Mosque, which is one of our contemporary mosques that have been addressed in Turkey in the 20 th century. With this goal, the structure's overall layout, its interior space, decorative and liturgic elements as well as characteristics such as materials, technology and lighting have been examined in detail. As one of the important representatives of contemporary Turkish mosques, the structure is suitable for the land it was built on top of and the city fabric, that it interprets traditional architecture with modern styling, and that it takes its place in a significant position amongst contemporary Turkish mosques, as it is a unique example that achieves a contemporary and dynamic identity of Turkish-Islamic architectures by using today's materials and techniques from a standpoint of traditional layout, plan elements and interior space embellishments.
Structural Solutions with Aesthetic Values in Islamic Architecture
Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2024
The construction of the dome is considered one of the most important architectural achievements in the history of architecture, through continuous development in the design of the dome, which led to the design and implementation of large areas without any construction obstacles, making it one of the projects that was built on a large scale. Important architectural styles require recognition of their structural capabilities and artistic expression. Hence, this research highlights the importance of domes, arches, and muqarnas in Islamic architecture. The idea of the research came to draw inspiration from the past in the dome element, in terms of its shape and development, in a structurally defined area, which is the area of transition from the square shape to the circle. This transformation captured the thought and interest of Muslim architects over a long period of time, giving this structural solution aesthetic value. These ideas were used in all types of buildings, and when we wanted to study them, we only found mosques and tombs whose details remained, which gave us a golden opportunity to study them and benefit from them. From here we can understand this development and reach the current dome. The research begins by identifying the most important structural elements in Islamic architecture, including the dome, which we expand into studying its origins, types, different shapes, uses, and development. We see this development by studying the transitional zone of the dome from the inside and outside. From the inside, we find corner curves, spherical triangles, and stalactites, which we explain in detail due to their importance and the variety of their shapes, then using arches. Development from the outside includes keeping pace with the inside in increasing the transformation area, finding simple aesthetic solutions, reaching hierarchical solutions, and others. Then comes the innovative solution, and the maximum stage of Evolution in the Ottoman Dome, and how the development of the dome reached the point of covering the entire building area.
International ; Congress of Architecture and Planning (ICONARCH IV) -ISBN: 978-625-7327-00-8
TOP COVERING DEVELOPMENT OF KONYA MOSQUES IN ANATOLIAN SELJUK AND OTTOMAN PERIOD, 2020
Konya, which is located in Central Anatolia, is an important settlement area where the first architectural traces are found, many civilizations lived in this region, also had been the capital of the Anatolian Seljuk Empire. Konya mosques have been one of the pioneering and original examples of Seljuk and Ottoman mosque architecture. When the Konya mosques are examined with their architectural features and construction techniques, their development can be seen over the centuries. In particular, the covering system of mosques differs from the 12th century to the 19th century. The cover system that commonly applied in mosques was a dome structure and the bricklaying had been used in the dome and transition element construction in the mosque of Konya in all periods. With this feature, it has shaped the architecture after it. Within the scope of the study, the development of the covering systems of Konya Mosques built between the 12th and 19th centuries was examined and a typology was drawn. In the early periods of Anatolian Seljuks, there is a simple dome covering the square plan. In this period, the transition from the body walls to the dome was provided by the tromps. In the later periods, the transition to the dome was provided by a planar and prismatic triangle. At the end of the Anatolian Seljuk period, transition solutions from a rectangular plan to a dome are seen. Large mosques started to be built with the Ottoman period. With the increase in the diameter of the main dome, the transition to the dome turned into a pendentive, however during this period the arrangement of the dome tambour appeared on the facade. In the early Ottoman period, while the mosques with a single dome and a central plan were built as in the Seljuk period; mosques in complex form were built as time progressed, with each section covered with differently.
A Topological and Technological Transformation Model of Mimar Sinan’s Mosques to the Present
Journal of Islamic Architecture, 2024
16 th-century Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan's mosques are one of the most efficient, refined, and elegant examples of mosque architecture. Sinan's mosques, replicated until today, have also been built widely with modern technology and materials. However, the incompatibility of the structural system and materials are seen in many new mosques is identified as a problem in this study. The study aims to develop a novel design with a contemporary structural system and material based on the principles and schemes of Sinan's highly praised and adopted mosques. First, an ideal form was derived by detecting a harmony between Sinan's mosques and the chain model; then, it was transformed and optimized according to the requirements of the timber (CLT) folded plate envisaged to be applied on a small scale. Proportions of the Sinan's mosques, parametric design and Turkish triangle were benefited to define the size and form of the emerging model. Afterward, they were discussed and evaluated in terms of plan, section, and facade. The discussion is focused on structural form yet also mentions design flexibility according to local touch and sites. Finally, a novel, contemporary, and adaptable design model that evokes the image of Sinan's mosques has been proposed.
2015
Understanding the design and architectural style prevalent in different historical periods of Azerbaijan, especially the city of Tabriz, because of its geographical location can play an important role in understanding the architectural style of Iran. In addition to written resources in this area, illustrated plans remained from ancient times can be used as a valuable cultural and architectural document. The purpose of this study was to refresh the architectural design of the urban centers of Tabriz illustrated and written in the historical documentation. To accomplish this goal, the comic books and the history of the buildings have been studied and finally, the design of urban centers of Tabriz is refreshed using a comparative study (semiotics).
There are many factors that affect the structure of architecture in general, and civil buildings in particular, like the economic circumstances, ethnicity, jurisprudence, political issues, as well as the founder’s perspective and his capability to afford the expense to create a structure with soul and heart. In this regard, this paper aims at specifically highlighting the different environmental factors affecting civil architecture such as the geographic nature and climate. All these features can reveal much about the building, to point out whether it is original or not. This is reflected in the materials and ideas as well, which provide insights on if the plan of any buildingis original or affected by a certain region or foreign effects and basics, which could have the main control over the work. Such factors played impressive roles in house planning. Thus, the study refers to all of the effects, with special focus on the climate and location of those houses, which resulted in having these master pieces in both cities. Remarkable palaces and houses planning showed that the windows’ distribution, balconies, roofs made in different shapes and forms; and all the other elements were used to complete the structure of buildings.
8TH ENGINEERING AND 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING – UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD: COEC8-2021 Proceedings
The concept of culture in architecture is based on the idea that architectural elements, shapes, and structures reflect the lifestyle of the peoples or groups that produced them. Culture is reflected in certain elements or shapes, as in domes. The domes after the Islamic conquest were highly associated with the architecture of mosques, mausoleums and palaces in Islamic architecture. The focus will be on the eastern part of the Islamic world, which includes a number of different ancient civilizations in which Islam spread on its lands, including the region of Iran and Central Asia on the one hand, and the Indian subcontinent on the other. These regions are considered to have a cultural stockpile that contributed to the development of Islamic architecture styles. The juxtaposition of the regions in this place made it subject to the successive Islamic conquest, which transferred the culture of the Arabs to it. It was also subjected to the Mongol invasions. Therefore, the problem of the research paper is to identify the impact of cultural diversity in the formation of domes in the countries that underwent the Islamic conquest, through the interaction that took place between the culture of the place and the teachings imposed by the new religion. The temporal limits of the study from the period of the Islamic conquest to the nineteenth century. The aim of the research paper is to study the stages of development of the dome to describe the most prominent formal transformations that occurred in the morphology of the domes. THE FIRST CULTURE IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Cultural differences left their traces on architecture throughout the world until the idea of architecture as an expression of culture became one of the postulates of modern architectural thought. The concept of culture in architecture is based on the idea that architectural elements, shapes, and structures reflect the lifestyle of the peoples or groups that produced them [1]. Islamic architecture in the Islamic regions during the first three centuries was the product of the convergence of the faith and the new state with the ancient traditions of the Near East. In addition to many other cultures in the region that played an important role in the architectural artistic formation of Islamic culture. Muslims relied on technology and craftsmanship, and innovations moved from one place to another with the craftsmen. The early Islamic civilization was both modern and traditional, as it is modern in its rummage around for intellectual, administrative and cultural patterns that respond to new people, ideas and behaviors, as it is traditional