Investigation of the effect of K. alvarezii on antioxidant enzymes, cell viability and DNA damage in male rats (original) (raw)
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In recent years, a significant number of novel metabolites with potent pharmacological properties (antioxidant, antitumor, anti-HIV) have been discovered from marine organisms. Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) is a marine alga belonging to order: Gigartinales and family: Solieriaceae. It has been invasive in the Gulf of Mannar since 2000, and has a high content of the steroid phenol. This is the first report on its antioxidant properties using an animal model. This study aimed to explore the antioxidant and antigenotoxic/protective role of K. alvarezii growing in southeast coast of India in the male rat. The findings indicate that an extract of K. alvarezii is not nephrotoxic at the dose levels. The algal antioxidant activity shows similar correlation (89%; R 2 = 0.8963) at varying temperature to the known antioxidant. K. alvarezii extracts exhibit significant protective effects against DNA damage induced by H 2 O 2 , which might be related to antioxidant activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term daily administration of K. alvarezii extract offers enhanced antioxidant potential and protection against tissue lipid peroxidation and cell damage. Our results support the use of K. alvarezii in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 2012
Antioxidant activity of the marine alga Kappaphycus alvarezii was investigated. Methanol, acetone, petroleum ether, aqueous methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts (1 mg/mL) of K. alvarezii were tested for their 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The values were compared with those of Vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Extracts showing positive results, when tested for DPPH free radical scavenging, were examined for dose effect, in-vivo hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. All extracts showed dose-dependent DPPH scavenging and significant hydroxyl radical scavenging activities (> 82.6%). The acetone, aqueous methanol, and methanol extracts of K. alvarezii showed the highest scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate extract showed a moderate activity of 62.9%. In the DPPH method, petroleum ether and hexane extracts showed less activity with IC50 values of 118.58 ± 8.94 and 116.25 ± 7.14 μg/mL, respectively. Acetone, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited IC50 values of 57.32 ± 1.07, 61.31 ± 0.67, and 79.50 ± 1.59 μg/mL, respectively. K. alvarezii showed higher antioxidant activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Proton NMR studies revealed signals in the region 0.5 to 2.0 ppm suggesting the presence of steroidal identity in the extracts.
Antioxidant activity of red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatum
international food research journal, 2015
Antioxidants in seaweeds have attracted increasing interest for its role in protecting human health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the Total phenolic content (TPC) values and antioxidant activities in red seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatum of different solvent extracts. Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities (DPPH scavenging assay and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay, TEAC) for both K. alvarezii and K. striatum extracts were determined using different solvents at different concentrations (ethanol: 50%, 70%, 100%; acetone: 50%, 70%, 100%; methanol: 50%, 70%, 100%). The TPC value was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu’s method. The antioxidant activities were measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. The highest TPC value of K. alvarezii antioxidant extract was obtained by 50% ethanol extracts while for K. striatum obtained b...
Seaweeds can produce variety of bioactive components for the benefits of humans. Malaysia is one of the countries to produce red seaweeds, which are popular secondary metabolites. Kappaphycus species, largest tropical red algae exhibit the high growth rate. It was reported that its biomass can grow double in just 15 to 30 days. Therefore, this investigation emphasized on two extraction methods such as hot water and ethanolic Soxhlet extraction to extract the bioactive compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii. Both of these extractions were screened to produce antimicrobial and antioxidants compounds. Total phenolic content and ferric reducing assays were employed to quantify antioxidant properties. Whereas, the disc diffusion assays were used to study antibacterial activity. The results reported the highest phenolic content for ethanolic extract (20.25 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract). On the other hand, the value of phenolic content was slightly decreased 19.1 ± 0.81 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract for the hot water extract. It was also found that both the extracts were potentially capable of balancing reactive oxygen species. Disc diffusion assay results indicated that the extract of red alga K. alvarezi were more efficient against B. cereus. Among the fatty acids determined levoglucosenone and 4-Pyridinemethanol were present in high percentages in hot water extract whereas Hexamethyl-cyclotrisiloxane followed by 1, 2, 5-Thiadiazole-3-carboxamide, 4-[(2-chloroethyl) amino]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) were present in ethanolic extract of K. alvarezi. The present study concluded that, hot water extracts of K. alvarezii can be used for large scale production of bioactive compounds utilizing an easily available potential seaweed. Future research of red seaweed will be highly important for pharmaceutical and medicinal field as well as a homogenizer in milk products, toothpaste and jellies in other industrial applications.
Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016
Context Seaweeds from the Mexican Pacific Ocean have not been evaluated as a source of chemoprotectants. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate chemopreventive activities of the seaweeds Phaephyceae-Padina durvillaei (Dictyotaceae)-Rodhophyceae-Spyridia filamentosa (Spyridiaceae), Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Gracilariaceae)-and Chlorophyceae-Ulva expansa (Ulvaceae), Codium isabelae (Codiaceae), Rhizoclonium riparium (Cladophoraceae) and Caulerpa sertularioides (Caulerpaceae). Materials and methods Methanol, acetone and hexane seaweed extracts were assessed at 30 and 3 mg/mL on antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS assays), 0.003-3.0 mg/plate on antimutagenic activity against AFB 1 using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 tester strains in Ames test, and 12.5 to 100 mg/mL on antiproliferative activity on Murine B-cell lymphoma. Phenols, flavonoids and pigments content were also assessed as antioxidant compounds. Results Extraction yield was higher in methanol than in acetone and hexane extracts (6.4, 2.7 and 1.4% dw). Antioxidant capacity was higher in brown and green than in red seaweed species, particularly in P. durvillaei extracted in acetone (EC 50 value¼ 16.9 and 1.56 mg/mL for DPPH and ABTS). Flavonoids and chlorophylls were identified as mainly antioxidant components; particularly in hexane extracts, which were correlated with the antioxidant capacity. Highest mutagenesis inhibition (440%) occurred in R. riparium at the lowest concentration assayed (0.003 mg/plate), while highest antiproliferative inhibition (37 and 72% for 12.5 and 25 mg/mL) occurred in C. sertularioides. Discussion and conclusion Flavonoids and chlorophylls explained the chemopreventive activities assessed in S. filamentosa, R. riparium and C. sertularioides. These seaweeds have a high potential as a source of novel chemoprotectants.
Antioxidant activity of dried and rehydrated Kappaphycus alvarezii from Langkawi, Kedah
The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of dried and rehydrated Kappaphycus alvarezii from Langkawi, Kedah and Semporna, Sabah. The antioxidant activity in K. alvarezii was determined by using total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Comparison between dried and rehydrated of K. alvarezii indicated that the rehydrated was significantly (p<0.05) high in antioxidant activity compared to dried. While, the Langkawi's rehydrated seaweed (119.3 mg GAE/100 g of dried weight (DW) sample) has significantly (p<0.05) higher TPC value compared to Semporna (89.2 mg GAE/100 g of DW sample). The DPPH value of rehydrated seaweed from Semporna was 34.6% and significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to seaweed from Langkawi which was 27.5% in value. Antioxidant activity for FRAP and ABTS assay of rehydrated seaweed from both locations showed no significant different (p>0.05) value. While, the Langkawi's rehydrated seaweed (73 µmol TE/100 g of DW sample) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher ORAC value compared to Semporna (53.8 µmol TE/100 g of DW sample). Thus, the finding in this study, demonstrated that rehydrated K. alvarezii possesses higher antioxidant activity compared to dried seaweed.
2019
The use of natural ingredients as immunostimulants to improve fish immunity continues to develop. This study is to determine the quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii extract from 3 cultivation locations in North Sulawesi and to compare the amount of carrageenan between non-ATC and ATC products in the form of SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan). As immunostimulant, antioxidant activity was tested to measure IC50 of antioxidant activity. Results showed that there were differences in the quality of K. alvarezii extracts among 3 research locations. The highest carrageenan content was found Likupang NSMEC, 63.80% for non-ATC seaweed and 64.43% for the SRC, respectively. The percent of carrageenan content from Arakan Village was the lowest, 44.43% for non-ATC and 52.55% for SRC, respectively, while Talengen Bay had 46.14% for non-ATC and 57.16% for SRC. Alkaline treatment (SRC) can increase the percent of carrageenan. K. alvarezii extract is known to have bioactive ingredients as immunostimulants....
International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2018
The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of dried and rehydrated Kappaphycus alvarezii from Langkawi, Kedah and Semporna, Sabah. The antioxidant activity in K. alvarezii was determined by using total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Comparison between dried and rehydrated of K. alvarezii indicated that the rehydrated was significantly (p<0.05) high in antioxidant activity compared to dried. While, the Langkawi's rehydrated seaweed (119.3 mg GAE/100 g of dried weight (DW) sample) has significantly (p<0.05) higher TPC value compared to Semporna (89.2 mg GAE/100 g of DW sample). The DPPH value of rehydrated seaweed from Semporna was 34.6% and significantly (p<0.05) higher compared to seaweed from Langkawi which was 27.5% in value. Antioxidant activity for FRAP and ABTS assay of rehydrated seaweed from both locations showed no significant different (p>0.05) value. While, the Langkawi's rehydrated seaweed (73 µmol TE/100 g of DW sample) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher ORAC value compared to Semporna (53.8 µmol TE/100 g of DW sample). Thus, the finding in this study, demonstrated that rehydrated K. alvarezii possesses higher antioxidant activity compared to dried seaweed.
Phycologia, 2020
Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the most farmed algae globally. It is used almost exclusively for the carrageenan industry, although there is increasing interest in its biotechnological application as a natural product with biological properties. This cultivated species produces different strains with distinct chemical and physiological properties. Despite this, K. alvarezii has been marketed as a single biomass. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in antioxidant capacities among green, red, brown and G11 strains of K. alvarezii cultivated in southeastern Brazil, assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu reducing potential, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay methods. Methanolic and aqueous extracts yielded from 2.67% to 3.43% and 26.25% to 32.90%, respectively. Nevertheless, methanolic extracts showed higher total phenolic content (40.80 mg GAE 100 g −1 DW to 58.49 mg GAE 100 g −1 DW) than aqueous ones (7.77 mg GAE 100 g −1 DW to 12.51 mg GAE 100 g −1 DW), and a similar trend was found for DPPH (7.15% to 31.21%), for ABTS (60.29% to 100.39%), and for FRAP (27.24% to 95.95%). Antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts was lower than 17% for all spectrophotometric assays. The green strain had the highest index of antioxidant capacity, suggesting that this strain may be suitable as a natural source of antioxidants. This is the first report evaluating antioxidant potential of four strains of K. alvarezii, supporting the need for further research to identify and select for its value as a viable natural antioxidant source.