Could Rusa son of Erimena have been king of Urartu during Sargon’s Eighth Campaign?, (original) (raw)
This article investigates whether Rusa, son of Erimena, could have been king of Urartu in 714 BC when Sargon II of Assyria invaded Urartu. The textual and iconographical evidence supports this proposal which leds to a belated revision of the sequence of the Urartian kings. It is prefaced by "A note for the reader" that includes further information.
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Thureau-Dangin, Lehmann-Haupt, Rusa Sardurihi and Rusa Erimenahi
This article examines the traditional sequence of Urartian kings originally proposed by Lehmann-Haupt. It is now clear that Lehmann-Haupt's arguments were based on false assumptions and that Thureau-Dangin's suggestion that Rusa, son of Erimena, was the opponent of Sargon II of Assyria in 714 BC is correct and that the sequence of the Urartian kings must be revised.. It is prefaced by "A note to the reader" containing further information.
The Early Urartian Kings Ishpuini and Minua s Search for a Royal Architectural
The Early Urartian Kings Ishpuini and Minua’s Search for a Royal Architectural Idiom as Reflected in the Lower and Upper Anzaf Fortresses, 2022
In the early 1st millennium BC, Urartians built a powerful kingdom centered at Van Fortress overlooking Tushpa and ruled over Eastern Anatolia, modern Armenia, and northwest Iran. Apart from the Madır Burcu inscriptions at Van Fortress, little is known about the founding king, Sarduri I (r. 840-830 BC). His son and successor, Ishpuini (r. 830-820 BC), is accredited as the founding king of the Urartian Kingdom, because recognizable Urartian traits emerged in the archaeological record during his reign. Ishpuini's religious, architectural, and military reforms were continued by his son, Minua (r. 810-780 BC), with Ishpuini's search for a royal building program in particular culminating in the emergence of a royal architectural idiom with clear rules and standards under Minua's reign. This study examines the differences in the topographical location and architectural elements of two excavated settlements at Anzaf that reflect the observable changes from the reign of the father to that of the son: the Lower Anzaf Fortress that is attributed to Ishpuini and the Upper Anzaf Fortress that was constructed by Minua, which lasted until the end of the kingdom similar to the royal architectural idiom created at this site.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE SCYTHIANS ON URARTU: THE EVIDENCE FROM AYANIS CASTLE
ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES Supplement 60 ARCHAEOLOGY OF EASTERN ANATOLIA I From Prehistoric Times to the End of the Iron Ages, 2023
The Scythians were a people of mixed ethnicity who lived in Central Asia and had a mobile lifestyle. In the eighth century BCE, these people started a great migration movement which extended into Anatolia and Mesopotamia. This tribe, whose arrival in Anatolia has thrown up many questions in modern scholarship, first interacted with the Urartians, one of the great political forces of the period. The Scythians were mentioned in written sources due to their good relations with many Urartian kings. Nevertheless, while these sources reflect a policy of peaceful relations, Urartu researchers propose that these equestrian tribes were the cause of the downfall of Urartu. The answer to this question, which has been discussed for years, has begun to be answered with Ayanis, the last known castle of Urartu. The castle, which has been the source of many Scythian artefacts, provides us with important information about the end of the Urartian Kingdom and the Scythians. In this article, the relations between the Urartian Kingdom and the Scythians will be discussed and the works of Scythian art found in Ayanis Castle will be evaluated.
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Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East Volume 1, 2023