Blood plasma mineral profile and health status in postpartum cows fed an anionic diet before parturition (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2015
Eighteen multiparous periparturient Hariana cows (Bos indicus) (3-4 parity) in last month of their pregnancy were blocked into three groups (n=6) and fed for 30 days pre-partum to 30 days post-partum. The objective was to determine the effects of manipulating dietary cations and anions on hemato-biochemical profile, mineral metabolism and performance of cows. Nutrient requirements of cows were met by feeding concentrate and roughage. Varying levels of salt supplementation were used to formulate mineral mixture having DCAD of +11, +21 and +31 meq (Na+K -Cl+S) / 100 g of feed dry matter. Feeding DCAD of +11, +21 and +31 mEq/100 g of DM did not have any effect (P>0.05) on feed intake and body weight change during periparturient period. Blood calcium level was higher for the lowest DCAD (+11 meq/100 g of DM), suggesting that low DACD helps in mobilization of stored calcium in periparturient cows. pH of blood and urine increased curvilinearly with increasing DCAD and found maximum in +31 meq/100 g of DM DCAD fed group. Feeding of three different DCAD diets did not (P>0.05) have any effect on reproductive performance but milk yield was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in +21 meq/100 g of DM fed cows. Feeding of +21 mEq/100 g of DM DCAD diets provided sufficient buffer and mineral balance during experimental period. Results suggest that feeding of low DCAD diet during advanced pregnancy helps to maintain blood Ca homeostasis and prevent chances of milk fever. However, feeding of high DCAD diet increase blood and urinary pH and leads to metabolic alkalosis during periparturient period.
Journal of Dairy Science, 2005
Early lactation Holsteins cows (15 primiparous and 18 multiparous) were offered rations with dietary cation-anion difference, calculated as mEq (Na + K − Cl − S)/100 g of feed dry matter (DCAD:S), of 20, 35, or 50 mEq from d 0 (calving) to 42 d postpartum (August 20, 2000 to January 9, 2001 to determine the effects of increasing DCAD:S on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and blood metabolites. For DCAD:S of 20, 35, and 50, DMI was 3.30, 3.38, 2.96 kg/100 kg of body weight (BW); milk yield was 25.5, 24.2, and 22.4 kg/d, respectively. No differences were observed for concentration or yield of milk fat or milk protein. Serum Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, cation-anion difference, insulin, and glucose did not differ with DCAD. Serum HCO 3 − was 26.07, 25.88, and 27.64 mEq/L for 20, 35, and 50 DCAD:S. Serum Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations were greater for primiparous cows (9.52 mg/dL, 2.35 mg/dL, 140.03 mEq/L, 4.66 mEq/L, respectively) than for multiparous cows (9.27 mg/dL, 2.12 mg/dL, 137.63 mEq/L, 4.46 mEq/ L, respectively). A DCAD:S between 23 and 33 mEq/ 100 g of dry matter (DM) appears to be adequate during cool weather for the milk yield that occurred in the present study based on DMI (kg/100 kg of BW), whereas DCAD:S of 50 mEq/100 g of DM may be excessive and could be too alkaline or unpalatable, resulting in decreased DMI (kg/100 kg of BW). (Key words: dietary cation-anion difference, lactation, dry matter intake, milk yield)
Effects of anionic salts in a pre-partum dairy ration on calcium metabolism
The effects of anionic salts in the transition diet on serum and urine calcium at calving and on peripartal health, subsequent milk production and fertility performance were studied in a well-managed, high-producing Friesland dairy herd. Over a period of a year, approximately 21 days before the expected date of calving, 28 pre-partum heifers and 44 multiparous dry cows were randomly allocated within parity to 1 of 2 transition diets, designated control and experimental anionic diets. The anionic diet contained the same quantities of the basic transition ration fed to the control group as well as a standard anionic salt mixture containing 118 g NH4Cl, 36 g (NH4)2SO4 and 68 g MgSO4 (total 222 g) per animal per day. This reduced the DCAD to -11.68 mEq/100 g dietary dry matter compared to +13.57 for the control diet. Blood and urine were randomly sampled from 7 to 8 animals within each category within 3 hours post-partum. Serum calcium (total and ionised) and creatinine, urine calcium and creatinine and the fractional clearance of calcium were assessed. Relevant clinical, milk production, and fertility data were collected. The total serum calcium (2.07 versus 1.60 mmol/ ), serum ionised calcium (1.12 vs 1.02 mmol/ ), urine calcium (0.92 vs 0.10 mmol/ ) and the fractional clearance of calcium (1.88 vs 0.09 %) were significantly higher (P <0.01) at calving for multiparous cows fed the anionic diet compared to those fed the control diet. In the primiparous cows there were no significant differences in serum calcium levels. However, the urine calcium (1.07 vs 0.43 mmol/ ) and the fractional clearance of calcium was higher (1.75 vs 0.45 %) in cows fed the anionic diet (P <0.05 and 0.01 respectively). These results illustrated that there were benefits, although no differences were demonstrated with respect to health, milk production or fertility. The supplementation of diets with anionic salts in the last 2-3 weeks before calving has the potential to significantly improve parturient calcium homeostasis.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 2022
Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) initiates a compensatory metabolic acidosis, which improves calcium (Ca) absorption and mobilization before calving and minimizes clinical and subclinical hypocalcaemia after calving. The goal of this study was to evaluate how mineral concentrations, blood metabolites, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and productive performance were affected by prepartum dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD mEq [(Na + K – Cl + S)]/kg of dry matter (DM)) in postpartum dairy cows. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein cows ranging from 2 to 5 lactations with an average body weight of 685 ± 10 kg (mean ± SD) were allocated in a randomized block design with three prepartum diets differing in DCAD (0, –100, and –180 mEq/ kg DM). All cows were fed the same postpartum diet and kept on trial for 66 days. Cows fed –180 and –100 mEq DCAD had greater prepartum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations than cows fed 0 mEq DCAD. Cows fed –180 mEq DCAD had greater serum Ca conce...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Eighteen animals were engaged for therapeutic trial with three groups (Group 1; Control, Group 2; Mixture of Ammonium Chloride and Calcium Sulphate at 1:1 ratio and Group 3; Commercial salts preparation, Hyporid™) containing six animals each. The efficacy of various anionic salt preparations was determined on the basis of haemato-biochemical changes and incidence of milk fever after calving. Dietary Cation-Anion Difference (DCAD) concentration in control group was positive (+25.22 mEq/100gm of dry matter). After adding anionic salt preparation DACD concentrations were negative in both Group 2 (-11.44 mEq/100gm of dry matter) and Group 3 (-8.26 mEq/100gm of dry matter). In this therapeutic study, milk fever incidence rate was 33.33% (2/6) in control group whereas no occurrence of milk fever was reported in Group 2 and Group 3. The mean value of calcium, phosphorus, chloride and sulphate was significantly lower (p<0.05) with significant increase (p<0.05) in mean value of magnesium and sodium in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and Group 3 after calving.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2010
The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a pre-partum diet with lower than recommended (DCAD = À82 mEq/kg of dietary DM) amounts of anionic salts on metabolism, health, reproductive performance and milk production in dairy cows. Sixty Holstein multiparous cows were enrolled 21 days prior to expected calving date. The animals were randomly assigned to receive one of two rations: 30 cows received anionic ration [À82 mEq (NA + K À Cl À S)/kg of DM] for 21 d to parturition and the other group (n = 30) were fed a usual dry period ration (+192 mEq/kg of DM). Serum samples obtained at days À21, +3 and +21 relative to calving were analyzed for b-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, chloride, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Urine pH declined from 8.4 at 21 d before calving (pre-treatment) to 6.2 at day 7 pre-partum in the treatment group. Repeated-measure mixed model analysis indicated that the concentrations of Ca were significantly increased and creatinine, and AST were significantly decreased by lowering DCAD. The concentrations of BHBA, NEFA and glucose were not affected by treatment. The incidence of milk fever and culling were 5 and 11 times higher in the control group in comparison with the treatment group, respectively. The intervals from calving to first breeding and to pregnancy were not influenced by treatment. There was no group effect on average daily milk yield or fat percentage.
Effect of prepartum dietary calcium on intake and serum and urinary mineral concentrations of cows
Journal of dairy science, 2006
Nine multiparous and 12 primiparous cows were fed diets containing an anionic salt supplement and moderate Ca (0.99%) or high Ca (1.50%) concentrations for 21 d prepartum to determine the effects of dietary Ca concentration on serum and urine electrolytes and on postpartum intake and milk yield. Blood samples were collected during 21 to 1 d prepartum, 0 to 2 d postpartum, and 3 to 21 d postpartum. Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) for prepartum diets was approximately -6 mEq/100 g of dry matter (Na + K - Cl - S). Immediately postpartum, cows were fed diets with positive DCAD with greater than 1.00% Ca concentration. Mean serum Ca concentrations 21 to 1 d prepartum, 0 to 2 d postpartum, and 3 to 21 d postpartum were 9.62, 8.41, and 9.38 mg/dL. There were no treatment effects on serum Ca concentration. Mean serum Ca concentration was higher for primiparous than multiparous cows (9.34 vs. 8.93 mg/dL) for the trial and at calving (8.77 vs. 8.13 mg/dL). Mean serum HCO(3)(-) and urin...
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2017
Background: There are many metabolic diseases that affect dairy cows during the transition period, among them, the postparturient hypocalcemia, also known as milk fever, puerperal paresis syndrome, or fallen cow. This disease may affect animals 72 h after calving due to a nutritional imbalance in the calcium metabolism, which occurs after a sudden demand of this mineral at the beginning of lactation. This problem is more common in animals with high milk production, and usually after the second lactation. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the anionic diet on the prepartum phase would be beneficial for dairy cows in the transition period. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight Holstein cows on their second and third pregnancy with body condition score between 3.5 and 4 were used. During the experiment, the animals remained in paddock with grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) and water ad libitum. Two groups of four animals each were used: the group A (control) received a dietary cation...