Spleen dendritic cells exhibit altered morphology and increased allostimulatory capacity after short-term culture* (original) (raw)
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Immunology, 1996
We compared the capacity of mature dendritic cells (DC) from lymph nodes and maturing DC from spleens in their capacity to stimulate responses to the small hapten picryl sulphonic acid (PIC) and to the same hapten conjugated to ovalbumin (PIC-OVA) and requiring processing. Surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, which are upregulated during maturation of splenic DC, were studied as an independent marker of maturation. Freshly isolated lymph node DC had a veiled appearance and high levels of class II expression. DC separated from suspensions of spleen cells expressed the DC-specific marker NLDC-145, but were small, had low levels of MHC class II molecules and expressed stem cell antigen. Those DC from spleen cells cultured for 24 and 48 hr showed the development of typical veiled DC morphology and high class II expression. Lymph node DC stimulated high levels of primary T-cell proliferation to PIC, but failed to stimulate primary responses to PIC-OVA. Splenic DC isolated immediately failed to stimulate primary responses to either antigen. More mature spleen DC stimulated responses both to PIC and PIC-OVA. Surprisingly, development of the capacity to stimulate responses to PIC preceded that of stimulating PIC-OVA responses. The capacity of the DC to process and present PIC-OVA was maintained during the culture period. The results indicate that both the form of the antigen and the source and maturity of the DC are critical in determining the responses stimulated in T lymphocytes.
The Dendritic Cell Populations of Mouse Lymph Nodes
The Journal of Immunology, 2001
The dendritic cells (DC) of mouse lymph nodes (LN) were isolated, analyzed for surface markers, and compared with those of spleen. Low to moderate staining of LN DC for CD4 and low staining for CD8 was shown to be attributable to pickup of these markers from T cells. Excluding this artifact, five LN DC subsets could be delineated. They included the three populations found in spleen (CD4 ؉ 8 ؊ DEC-205 ؊ , CD4 ؊ 8 ؊ DEC-205 ؊ , CD4 ؊ 8 ؉ DEC-205 ؉ ), although the CD4-expressing DC were of low incidence. LN DC included two additional populations, characterized by relatively low expression of CD8 but moderate or high expression of DEC-205. Both appeared among the DC migrating out of skin into LN, but only one was restricted to skin-draining LN and was identified as the mature form of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC). The putative LC-derived DC displayed the following properties: large size; high levels of class II MHC, which persisted to some extent even in CIITA null mice; expression of very high levels of DEC-205 and of CD40; expression of many myeloid surface markers; and no expression of CD4 and only low to moderate expression of CD8. The putative LC-derived DC among skin emigrants and in LN also showed strong intracellular staining of langerin.
Langerhans Cells and Extra-Epidermal Dendritic Cells
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 1985
S-HM) protein was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of dendritic cells (DCs) in normal and pathologic lymphoid tissues and epidermis in man and several other species. The presence of S-U)() protein served to distinguish these cells from other mononuclear cells, most importantly from those of maerophage/histiocyte lineage. Fractionation procedures to isolate and enrich suspensions of DCs were eoupled with immunoeytochemical techniques to identify S-KHI-positive cells, Langerhans cells in the epidermis and in aural cholesteatomata and nodal, splenie, and thymie interdigitating cells were S-100-positive. Lymph node and splenie foilicular dendrilie cells (except in rats) were negative, indieating that this DC may be a separate cell type.
Most lymphoid organ dendritic cell types are phenotypically and functionally immature
2003
Dendritic cells (DCs) have been thought to follow a life history, typified by Langerhans cells (LCs), with 2 major developmental stages: an immature stage that captures antigens in the periphery and a mature stage that presents those antigens in the lymphoid organs. However, a systematic assessment of the maturity of lymphoid organ DCs has been lacking. We have analyzed the maturity of the DC types found in the steady state in the spleen, lymph nodes (LNs), and thymus.
Factors determining the spontaneous activation of splenic dendritic cells in culture
Innate Immun, 2011
Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. The activation state of DCs is crucial in this role. However, when DCs are isolated from lymphoid tissues, purified and placed in culture they undergo 'spontaneous' activation. The basis of this was explored, using up-regulation of DC surface MHC II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 as indicators of DC activation. No evidence was found for DC damage during isolation or for microbial products causing the activation. The culture activation of spleen DCs differed from that of Langerhans cells when released from E-cadherin-mediated adhesions, since E-cadherin was not detected and activation still occurred with b-catenin null DCs. Much of the activation could be attributed to DC-DC interactions. Although increases in surface MHC II levels occurred under all culture conditions tested, the increase in expression of CD40, CD80 and CD86 was much less under culture conditions where such interactions were minimised. DC-to-DC contact under the artificial conditions of high DC concentration in culture induced the production of soluble factors and these, in turn, induced the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules on the DC surface.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1989
Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETC) are CD45+, Thy-l+, CD5-, CD8-, CD4murine lymphocytes that express surface-bound CD3 antigens associated with T cell receptor y/S heterodimers. Using epidermal cells greatly enriched for DETC and depleted of Langerhans cells, we found that DETC have growth requirements quite different from those of accessory cell-depleted lymph node and splenic T cells. Although the latter cells strongly proliferate in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + ionomycin, DETC, when exposed to interleukin-1 (IL-l), interleukin-3 (IL-3), concanavalin A (ConA), PMA, and ionomycin used either alone or in combination, do not exhibit significant mitotic activity. Recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), albeit ineffective by itself, leads to vigorous proliferation of DETC when used with either ConA or PMA + ionomycin + ILl. In contrast, the combination of PMA and recombinant interleukin-4 (rIL-4), which triggers growth of lym h node T cells, does not induce proliferation of DETC. A though a portion of P proliferating DETC expressed CD8 antigens, essentially none bore detectable amounts of surface-bound CD4 or CD5 antigens, or both. Continuing stimulation of primary DETC cultures with lectin/lymphokine-rich media results in the propagation of cells with the essential phenotypic features of resident DETC.] Invest Dermatol92:763-768, 1989 I n 1983, the authors and others [1,2] described a hitherto unrecognized cell system within the murine epidermis. These cells are bone marrow-derived [1,3-51, display a highly dendritic morphology in situ, and bear large amounts of the Thy-l alloantigen on their surface [1,2]. They are clearly distinct from all other epidermal cells (EC), i.e., keratinocytes (KC), Langerhans cells (LC), and melanocytes, and have been referred to as Thy-l + dendritic e idermal cells (Thy-l+DEC) [1,2,5,6]. In single EC suspensions, t R ese cells exhibit a round shape and comprise only l-2% of all EC [1,2]. Although Thy-l +DEC are different from most peripheral T cells as evidenced by their lack of CD5, CD4, and CD8 antigens [6], compelling evidence exists that they belong to the T cell system: they are numerically reduced in athymic mice [ 11; they proliferate in response to concanavalin A (ConA) + interleukin 2 (IL-2) [7]; and they uniformly express surface-bound CD3 antigens [8]. These CD3 antigens are predominantly, if not exclusively, associated with Manuscript