Women's Labour Force Participation in Haryana: A Disaggregated Analysis (original) (raw)
Related papers
2023
Based on unit-level data of three rounds of the Employment-Unemployment Surveys (68 th , 61 st and 50 th) and two rounds of the Periodic Labour Force (2017-18 and 2018-19) Surveys of the NSS, this paper examines trends in women's labour force and work force in the two Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal since 1993-94. A comparative analysis of women's participation in the labour markets of the two Indian states shows the significance of occupational diversification in explaining the varying trends in the pattern of female employment. It explores the relevance of the nature of female employment in understanding the sustainability of such employment pattern as exists over time. Our paper highlights the extreme vulnerability attached to the self-employed status of women, be it in farm or non-farm work that women in rural U.P. and W.B. engage in and urges on the importance of publicly sponsored employment generation programmes like MNREGA as a viable alternative employment option, especially for women in rural areas. Given the abysmally low levels of participation of women in the labour markets of both U.P. and W.B., does the explanation lie in economic factors such as lack of jobs alone or do gender biased cultural norms also play a role? Our analysis suggests that it is a combination of both these factors to which a low and declining women's participation in labour markets must be attributed to.
WOMEN EMPOWERMENT AND FEMALE WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION IN RURAL-URBAN HARYANA: A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
India is diverse regarding social, cultural, and wide geographical variations. Strong patriarchal customs and a male hegemony-based social system are fundamental constructs in the north and northwest. Women's social and economic well-being is adversely affected by patriarchal social networks, and women are thus considered second-level citizens in that social structure. Women's work participation rates are directly related to societal or family development. Haryana is one of India's developed states, with a strong economy but a lack of gender equality and male hegemony in many aspects of life. The women"s status in Haryana is no more substantial than in the other parts of the country. The male-female sex ratio in Haryana state is significantly different, a severe worry for social-science studies as a demographic dilemma. Women's holistic empowerment is now required to care for them as part of an augmenting procedure that must lead to their social and economic transformation. As a result, this article aims to discuss the significance of female literacy, sex ratio, and work participation in women's empowerment, focusing on the gender perspective. The data for the study are obtained from the Census of India from 1991-to 2011. This study will look at the disparities in literacy rates, sex ratio, female labour participation ratio in Haryana, and women's empowerment. This study will provide a strategy for focusing more intensely on the concerns of women's empowerment through improved education status social and workforce participation with a holistic approach that includes people participation.
Women work participation in rural Uttar Pradesh: a regional analysis
International Journal Of Social Sciences & Interdisciplinary Research, 2013
Women are vital and productive agent in Indian economy but their employment status is critical because their participation in different economic activities is very low as compared to male. Women face various types of discrimination in different walks of life, including education and consequently land up in low paying job. The basic aim of this study is to understand the variations in the growth process of the participation of women in gainful activity at state level in general and at district level in particular. For this purpose, data has been collected from four economic regions such as Western U.P., Eastern U.P., Central U.P. and Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh. A multistage Sampling method has been used to select districts and villages. The results of this study demonstrate that in Uttar Pradesh, women in general have lower participation in work as compared to males. WPR for women is lower in eastern and western regions. The WPR for women is associated with caste structure also. It is generally high for Hindu SC/ST and Muslim OBC women. Education plays an important role in work participation only after more than 12 years of schooling. WPR for women declines after primary education and picks up only after 12 years of schooling as work options other than agriculture open up only after this. The quality of employment is generally bad for Hindu SC/ST and Muslim OBC women as most of them are working as casual labour. The growth of rural non farm sector has affected women workers in an indirect way. While percentage of women is higher than men in employer, helper and casual labour category in agriculture sector, this pattern is altered in non agriculture sector. Here the percentage is higher in own account worker and casual labour category. It seems that the growth of rural non farm sector has not benefitted women as much as men. Within non farm sector tailoring, manufacture, grocery shops and other retail trade are most common activities of women. However, one third of women are reporting to be doing wage work in nonfarm sector.
Female Work Force Participation And Women Empowerment In Haryana
2017
India is known as a country of diversity regarding the social, cultural and wide geographical variations. In the north and north-west part of the country, the strong patriarchal norms and the male dominance based social structure are the important constructs. Patriarchal social setup adversely affects the women's social and economic wellbeing and hence in that social structure women are considered as second level citizen. Work participation rate of women has directly linked to the development of society or household. Haryana is one of the developed states of India, still being ahead in economic prosperity, much lagged behind in gender-based equality and male dominance in all dimensions of life. The position of women in the Haryana is no better than the other states of India. Haryana state has the great difference among the male-female sex ratio which is a serious concern for social science research as a demographic problem for the state. Now women are requiring for their holisti...
2019
In Indian society, women have a multi-dimensional role and play significant role in agriculture. Women contribute about three-fourth of the labour required in the field. The contribution of female labour is towards agricultural production beside their usual domestic work always more than the male labour in all types of land holdings. Based on that, the status of rural women is improving day by day. This paper says that agriculture creates many jobs for women in agriculture sector. Jobs that bring many household resources under women control leads to greater earnings in the family. With the help of agriculture women support financial to their family. Hence, the present paper aims to study the socio-economic status and utilization of development programmes and problems faced by agriculture women labour in Bhuratwala village of Sirsa district in Haryana. Totally Bhuratwala rural area 90 respondents were interviewed to collect the primary data. In the survey it is noted that most of the...
Extent and causes of gender and poverty in India: A case study of rural Haryana
2005
In spite of the enshrining anti-poverty programs and objectives of the poverty eradication programs contained in India's five year plans, women's poverty in India, even after 58 years of independence, is glaring. This paper, based on a field survey, addresses the issues of economic constraints and the denial of women's access to productive assets in the form of land ownership and human capital such as education, skill-training. The article contributes to the overall picture of female poverty at the national level. The author finds an exaggerated emphasis being placed on women laborers and inadequate economic opportunities among them as the major obstacle to reducing female poverty. Because of these constraints and discrimination, women enter into the unorganized sector, i.e. the agriculture sector. This paper examines how lack of skills, heavy physical work of different types, long hours of work with limited payment, lack of guarantee of minimum wages, lack of job sec...
Gender Disparities in Haryana: Extents and Spatial Patterns
2015
The paper analyses and describes the extent of gender disparities in Haryana, particularly in respect of sex ratio, literacy and participation in economic activities. Significant gender disparities were evidenced by sex ratio, literacy rate and women participation rate. The paper found that districts having lower gender gap in literacy were able to increase sex ratio more than the districts having higher gender gap in literacy. This is also corroborated by negative correlation coefficient between the two. High level of gender gap were found in female WPR. A negative and high degree of correlation between gender gap in literacy and gender gap in WPR indicates that high gender gap in literacy is associated with lower gender gap in WPR and vice-versa. The existence of spatial patterns in gender disparities hints at the foreplay of social, cultural and geographical factors on gender disparities rather than administration efforts.
A Geographical Analysis of Female Work Participation in Rural Areas of North Bengal
Female participation in the workforce is an important indicator to access the progress of a society as the wheel of development should be drawn equally both by men and women. But unfortunately in the rural parts of India, women are only confined in agricultural and allied activities and a major section of them is still unemployed or they have been kept away from economic activities as nonworkers. So, it is very essential to identify the backward areas in terms of female work participation to properly implement strategies for regional development. This paper attempts to analyse the spatial pattern of female participation in various economic and employment generating activities in rural areas of North Bengal.
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people as around 70% of the people are depending on agriculture and allied activities in rural areas in India 1. In India, female work participation rate has been changing over time in general and the rural female work participation rate has increased in particular. As per national sample survey (68 th Round), the worker-population ratio for female folk in rural sector was 24.8 in 2011-12, while that for male-folk it was 54.3; and in urban sector, it was 14.7 for females and 54.6 for males 2. In Chhattisgarh, the rural area, total female workers are increasing compared to the total male workers, indicating an increase in women work force participation rate in agricultural activities.