“Ecclesia enim per universum orbem”: Unity in Ephesus as Claimed by Irenaeus (original) (raw)

This thesis argues for doctrinal unity in Ephesus as described by Irenaeus in the second century (haer. 1.10.1). After examining the contributions of scholarship, particularly the 1934 diversity claims of Walter Bauer, this thesis provides a redefinition of unity that includes both doctrine and effort. The first-century context presents a prominent Jewish community and an overwhelming pagan community—both setting the stage for the future Christian community within the city. The external historical records corroborate the book of Acts, showing success among gentiles, but especially in the Jewish community, to establish the lineage of Paul, John, and other post-apostolic leaders. The second century shows a continuity of pagan devotion, but the presence of Ephesus in the Christian imagination is particularly prominent, and the teaching of Ignatius sustains the example and teaching found in both Paul and John in his exhortation toward unity to the church of Ephesus. Historical examples show occasional failure in attempts toward unity, but consistent attempts for restoration are seen despite doctrinal (Cerinthus and Florinus) and liturgical (Quartodeciman controversy) differences. Textual evidence supports unity as ideal and effort through the second century in the city of Ephesus.