The Impact of the FIFA 11+ on the Structure of the Abdominal, Lumbar Paravertebral, Lateral Hip and Vastus Mediallis Obliquus Muscles in Adolescent Female Soccer Players (original) (raw)
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SIPRC and CASEM Canadian Sport Injury Research Symposium Abstracts 2013
Objectives: To evaluate differences in baseline measures of cervical flexor endurance (CFE), walking while talking (WWTT) and computerized dynamic visual acuity (cDVA) in elite youth ice hockey players who do and do not report a previous history of concussion. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: Five hundred thirty-two Bantam (12-14 years) and Midget (15-17 years) ice hockey players. Intervention/Observation Technique: Participants completed baseline clinical tests at the beginning of the 2011-2012 season. Outcome Measures: Preseason tests of CFE, WWTT, and cDVA (2011-2012 hockey season). Results: Multivariate linear regression, adjusted for cluster, age group, and sex was used to estimate mean differences in clinical measurement scores by concussion history (yes/no). There was no evidence of a difference in CFE score or cDVA scores at 85 degrees per second. The mean time to complete WWTT complex compared to self-selected walking speed in midget females reporting a previous concussion was 3.10 seconds higher (95% CI, 1.40-4.79) than in midget females not reporting a previous concussion. Players with previous concussion had significantly lower cDVA score at 120 degrees per second than players without a previous concussion [cDVA left = -0.033 logMAR (95% CI, -0.064 to -0.0019); Bantam players cDVA right =-0.062 logMAR (95% CI,-0.12 to -0.004)]. Conclusion: Tasks of divided attention decreased mean self-selected walking speed more in midget females with a previous history of concussion compared to those without. Computerized dynamic visual acuity at 120 degrees per second was lower in players with a previous history of concussion. These findings allow a further understanding of clinical alterations that may persist following a concussion. Future research to understand the implications of these findings from an injury prevention standpoint are warranted. Objectives: To evaluate clinical measures of cervical flexor endurance (CFE) and cervical spine isometric strength as risk factors for concussion in elite youth ice hockey players. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Subjects: Five hundred forty Bantam (12-14 years) and Midget (15-17 years) ice hockey players. Intervention/Observation Technique: Participants completed baseline clinical tests at the beginning of the 2011-2012 season. A previously validated prospective injury surveillance system was used to measure exposure hours and concussion injuries during the season of play. Outcome Measures: Preseason tests of CFE and cervical spine strength (2011-2012 hockey season), concussion (diagnosed as per the 3 rd International Consensus on Concussion in Sport Guidelines). Results: Four hundred sixty-six elite youth ice hockey players completed clinical baseline tests at the start of the 2011-2012 hockey season. Geometric mean CFE test score was 40.93 seconds (95% CI, 38.52-43.49). Mean cervical spine isometric strength for side flexion in a right rotated position was 10.13 lbs (95% CI,, and in a left rotated position was 9.81 lbs (95% CI, 9.59-10.03). Participants ranking in the lowest 25 th percentile for measures of cervical strength and endurance were not at an increased risk of concussion during the season of play that followed. Conclusion: Risk of concussion during the season did not differ in individuals who were in the lower 25 th percentile for clinical tests of CFE and isometric cervical strength compared to those who were not. Further evaluation of other baseline clinical tests as risk factors, including dynamic measures, will assist in understanding factors that may be associated with an increased risk of concussion.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010
Background Concussion is one of the most commonly occurring injuries in sport today. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) is a commonly used paper neurocognitive tool. To date, little is known about SCAT baseline normative values in youth athletes. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine normative values on the SCAT for male and female youth hockey players. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of pooled data from three prospective cohort studies examining the risk of injury in paediatric ice hockey players aged 9-17 years. A preseason baseline demographic and injury history questionnaire was completed by each player. Results A total of 4193 players completed SCATs at baseline and were included in the analysis. 781 players (18.6%) reported a previous history of concussion. Fatigue and low energy followed by headache were the most commonly reported symptoms in all players. The majority of youth players could recite all fi ve words immediately but only three words when delayed. A smaller proportion of the males were able to report the months of the year in reverse order compared with females of a similar age. The median number of digits recited in reverse order was 4. Conclusions Youth ratings varied between age groups, gender and from previously reported ratings of varsity athletes, possibly refl ecting developmental and gender differences. An understanding of these differences in youth athletes is important to ensure appropriate performance expectations on the SCAT and when making clinical decisions following a concussion.
Relationships among Risk Factors for Concussion in Minor Ice Hockey
Journal of ASTM International, 2009
There is increasing concern among parents, coaches, and officials about injury risk in youth ice hockey, particularly in light of recent evidence suggesting that incidence of serious injury is considerably under reported. However, an adequate method for ascertaining injury risk for concussion does not yet exist. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among variables measuring exposure and head impact forces in a group of representative level bantam aged hockey players. Across an entire hockey season, trained research assistants attended games and recorded the duration of time spent on the ice for each player ͑i.e., exposure time͒ and total number of body contacts using time-on-task software designed specifically for this study. A body contact included any intentional or incidental contact between two players. Collectively, these variables provide a simple, easily administered measure of head injury risk for researchers collecting data in this area. However, their relationship to actual brain trauma is unknown. To this end, head acceleration data were also collected using helmet-based accelerometers that provide measures of linear accelerations experienced by each player. These data were collected by telemetry methods and represent data that are likely very useful for injury researchers but not without sufficient costs. Results demonstrated low associations among the data sources. A method based on combining data sources ͑through an examination of their potential relationships͒ is proposed to maximize the potential to identify at-risk youth in minor hockey.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2018
This study was designed to determine concussion incidence, risk, and relative risk among middle and high school athletes participating in various sports. Method: Data were retrospectively obtained from 10,334 athletes of 12 different sports in Hawaii. In addition to determining the overall concussion incidence, comparisons of incidence, risk, and relative risk were made according to age, sex, concussion history, sport, and football position. Results: The overall incidence of concussion among youth athletes was 1,250 (12.1%). The relative risk for a concussion was almost two times greater in 18-year olds than in 13-year-old athletes. In comparable sports, girls had a 1.5 times higher concussion risk than boys. Athletes with a prior concussion had 3-5 times greater risk to sustain a concussion than those with no history of a concussion. Among varied sports, wrestling and martial arts had the highest relative risk of a concussion, followed by cheerleading, football, and track and field. No differences in concussion risks were found among the football players in different positions. Conclusions: Older youths, females, those with a history of concussion, and those participating in high contact sports were found to have higher risks of sustaining a concussion. The findings increase awareness of concussion patterns in young athletes and raise concerns regarding protective strategies and concussion management in youth sports.
History of previous concussion and sports-specific skills in youth ice hockey players
Journal of physical education and sport, 2020
Concussions can lead to cognitive or neuromotor impairments which may influence skill performance. Few studies have investigated concussion and sports-specific skill performance, particularly in youth. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine previous concussion and components of the Hockey Canada Skills Test, a measure of ice hockey-specific skill performance, in youth ice hockey players (ages 11-17). A secondary purpose was todetermine the test-retest reliability of these components. Players completed a detailed baseline questionnaire on previous concussion history. On-ice measures included forward agility weave, forward/backward speed skate, transition agility, and a 6-repeat endurance skate (all measured in seconds). Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine history of concussion, number of previous concussions, time since most recent concussion, and severity of most recent concussion on on-ice performance. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intracla...
Journal of science and medicine in sport, 2017
To characterize the clinical utility of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) baseline and normative reference values for the assessment of acute concussion; and to identify the sensitivity of each SCAT3 subcomponent to the acute effects of concussion. Prospective cohort. The day-of-concussion SCAT3 results (n=27) of professional male ice hockey players (mean age=27, SD=4) were compared to athlete's individual baseline and to the league's normative reference values. Normative cutoffs corresponding to 10th percentile and natural distribution change cutoffs corresponding to 90th percentile cumulative frequency were considered uncommon. The percentages of the players with uncommon day-of-injury performance, when post-injury scores were compared to individual baseline versus (vs.) normative values, were as follows: symptoms: 96% vs. 100% (post-injury score: M=12, Md=12, SD=4; severity M=26, Md=23, SD=13); Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC): 33% vs. 27% (post-injury...
Epidemiologic Assessment of Concussions in an NCAA Division I Women’s Soccer Team
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Background: Among collegiate sports, ice hockey and wrestling have been reported to have the highest rates of concussion injury. Recent literature has shown that among all sports, female soccer players had the highest rate of concussion injury at the high school level. Sport-specific analysis will increase our knowledge of epidemiologic characteristics of this serious injury in young soccer players, where “heading” is commonly involved during participation. Hypothesis: Heading during soccer will be associated with increased frequency of concussion injury in collegiate female players compared with other mechanisms of injury, and concussion injury mechanism and rates will differ by setting of injury (practice or match) and player position. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: This was a retrospective review and epidemiologic analysis of all concussions documented from a single National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I female collegiate soccer team b...
Journal of Athletic Training
Context Balance tests are a recommended assessment of motor function in concussion protocols. The BTrackS Balance Test (BBT) is a tool for concussion balance testing that uses low-cost force-plate technology to objectively measure postural sway. Objective To provide normative data for the BBT in a large population of athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Concussion baseline testing at multiple facilities. Patients or Other Participants Male and female athletes (n = 10 045) ages 8 to 21 years. Intervention(s) Athletes performed three 20-second trials of eyes-closed standing on the BTrackS Balance Plate with feet shoulder-width apart and hands on hips. Main Outcome Measure(s) Postural sway was measured as the average total center-of-pressure path length over 3 testing trials. Results Postural sway was reduced (ie, balance improved) as athlete age increased and was less in female athletes than in male athletes. Percentile ranking tables were calculated based on sex and 2-year...
Effect of Previous Concussion on Sport-Specific Skills in Youth Ice Hockey Players
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Objective: To investigate the effect of previous concussion on sport-specific skill performance in youth ice hockey players. Methods: In total, 596 participants [525 males and 71 females, ages 11-17, representing elite (upper 30% by division of play) and non-elite (lower 70% by division of play)] were recruited from minor ice hockey teams in Calgary, Alberta over three seasons of play (2012-2015). Primary Outcome Measure: On-ice skill performance was based on the Hockey Canada Skills Test (HCST) battery which included forward agility weave, forward and backward speed skate, forward to backward transition agility, and a 6-repeat endurance skate. Results: There were no significant differences in the adjusted odds ratios or the mean scores between those with and without a history of concussion for all HCST components. Conclusions: Youth ice hockey players with a history of concussion have similar HCST performance scores to those that do not. Dedication This thesis is dedicated to those who I hold dearest in my heart, my wonderful family. I dedicate this to my parents, Ardis and Marshall, for their unconditional love and support. Thank you for instilling the values of hard work, perseverance, and the importance of education. To my siblings, Jordana, Graeme, and Adam, thank you for putting up and taking care of me along the way. Finally, loving thanks to my Aunt Janice and Uncle Leo who have been like second parents to me during my post-secondary journey.
Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2019
Physical differences between youth and adults, which include incomplete myelination, limited neck muscle development, and a higher head-body ratio in the youth population, likely contribute towards the increased susceptibility of youth to concussion. Previous research efforts have considered the biomechanics of concussion for adult populations, but these known age-related differences highlight the necessity of quantifying the risk of concussion for a youth population. This study adapted the previously developed Generalized Acceleration Model for Brian Injury Threshold (GAMBIT) that combines linear and rotational head acceleration to model the risk of concussion for a youth population with the Generalized Acceleration Model for Concussion in Youth (GAM-CY). Survival analysis was used in conjunction with head impact data collected during participation in youth football to model risk between individuals who sustained medically-diagnosed concussions (n = 15). Receiver operator character...