Effectiveness of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Essence on Performance and Immune Parameters of Broilers during Aflatoxicosis (original) (raw)
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Aflatoxins (AF) are a major issue encountered in poultry farms, leading to much economic losses. The current trail is planned to determine the effects of AF (600ppb) and Rosemary essence (ROS) (500ppm), singly or in combination, on the visceral organ weights, some blood biochemical parameters and mortality percentage of broilers. A total of 240 unsexed Ross 308, were randomly allotted into 4 treatments with 3 replicates having 20 chicks each (Control; AF; ROS and AF+ROS). The broilers fed AF contaminated diet from beginning and showed characteristic effects of aflatoxicosis. The weight of spleen, and pancreas decreased and bursa and liver weights increased due to ingestion of AF. Serum levels of cholesterol, LDL and HDL and mortality is increased in aflatoxin fed broilers. The Rosemary could partially restore the adverse effects of AF to some extent and when alone added into the diet and showed good effects on reducing cholesterol, HDL, LDL and reduction number of dead birds, due to presence of essential oils and antioxidants activity in its content. Site Client proxystylesheet Output Search allAreas JOURNAL SEARCH Search Terms: RESEARCH IN ZOOLOGY Total journals found: 1 The following title(s) matched your request: Journals 1-1 (of 1)
The current study is planned to investigate the effect of aflatoxin B 1 (600ppb) and the ethanolic extract of Thyme (500ppm) in broiler chickens. 240 unsexed Ross broiler chicks were randomly allotted into 4 dietary treatments with three replicates and twenty chicks per replicates and reared in cage systems for 42 days. Results showed that the body weights of broilers fed aflatoxin were reduced significantly (P<0.05) and feed consumption and FCR were increased significantly (P<0.05). The inclusion of Thyme essence have showed an improved data and addition of Thyme essence to aflatoxin fed groups could partially alleviate the adverse effects of aflatoxin in the diet. The antibody titer values against Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bronchitis and Avian Influenza of broilers fed aflatoxin were significantly (P<0.05) increased and incorporation of 500ppm Thyme essence could partially restore the negative impact of aflatoxin in commercial broilers. Site Client proxystylesheet Output Search allAreas JOURNAL SEARCH Search Terms: RESEARCH IN ZOOLOGY Total journals found: 1 The following title(s) matched your request: Journals 1-1 (of 1)
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2018
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) powder (RP) and vitamin E (VE) at different levels on humoral immunity of broilers during a 42-day production cycle. A total of 270 1-day-old male chicks were assigned to nine groups with three replicates of ten birds each, and diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, or 1.0% RP and 0, 100, or 200 mg/kg VE, respectively. Commercial-inactivated vaccines against avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) viruses, and living infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine were administered by spray method. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were administered subcutaneously. Blood samples were collected from birds 1 week after each vaccination to determine antibody titers. At the 42nd day, blood samples were also assessed for globulin level, and lymphoid tissues (thymus, spleen, and bursa) were weighed. Neither antibody titers against viruses nor lymphoid tissues weight were affected by RP and/or VE (P >...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of savory essential oil in counteracting the deleterious effects of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and humoral immune responses in broiler chickens fed 42 days of age. At a 2 2 factorial arrangement in completely randomized design, 300 day-old broiler chicks were assigned to four treatments with five replicates of 15 birds. Chickens were fed the basal diet up to day 7 of age and then fed the experimental diets. The dietary treatments involved of 0 and 0.5 mg of AFB1/kg with or without 500 mg of savory/kg dry matter. The addition of aflatoxin to diet decreased (P<0.05) the weight gain and feed intake and resulted in a poor feed conversion ratio. Birds in the AFB 1 group had lower level of albumin, but higher levels of creatinine and liver enzymes in the serum as compared with the control group. The addition of savory to the contaminated diet diminished (P<0.05) the inhibitory effects of dietary AFB 1 on the growth performance and the level of liver enzymes in serum. The addition of aflatoxin to diet caused a decrease and savory supplementation caused an increase in antibody titer against the Newcastle virus, and interaction among the factors was differ (P<0.05). The main effects and interaction on antibody titer against influenza virus were not differ (P>0.05). The addition of savory reduced the adverse effects of aflatoxin on growth performance and provided slight positive effect on serum biochemistry and humoral immune responses in broilers exposed aflatoxin.
Effect of some feed additives against toxicity induced by aflatoxin contaminated diet in broiler
The effects of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) and Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on body weight, feed conversion, body weight gain and immune response was investigated in broiler fed on aflatoxin (AF). A total number of 180 one day old broiler chickens (Hubbard classic) were randomly distributed into 6 experimental groups; G1: control (basal diet), G2: (basal diet + SC 2%), G3: (basal diet + FOS 0.25%), G4: (basal diet + AF100μg), G5: (basal diet + AF100μg + SC 2%), G6: (basal diet + AF100μg + FOS 0.25). The weight range, feed conversion, body weight gain and humoral immunity of birds were evaluated. Results of (G2) and (G3) show a significant (P<0.05) increase weight range, body weight gain, fed conversion ratio and the antibody titers in compare to control, while the AF contaminated diet (G4) showed decrease in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and the antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus. Aflatoxin groups treated with 2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae (G5) and 0.25% fructooligosaccharide (G6) show increased in the broilers performance value and humoral immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle virus disease as compared to the aflatoxin group (G4). In conclusion the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fructooligosaccharide had a beneficial effects on broilers health and can minimize the effect of aflatoxin on broiler performance and immunity.
Poultry Science, 2020
Probiotics, toxin binders, and plant extracts improve health and immunity of broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin. The effects of licorice extract (LE), Protexin probiotic, toxin binder (Agrabound), and poultry litter biochar (PLB) in experimental aflatoxicosis were evaluated. In a completely randomized design, 504 broiler chickens were allotted to 7 treatments and 6 replicates with 12 broiler chickens in each. The experimental groups were as follows: T1) basal diet (B) without any feed additive or aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1); T2) B 1 0.5 mg AFB 1 /kg; T3) T2 1 3 g LE/kg; T4) T2 1 6 g LE/kg; T5) T2 1 0.5 g Protexin/kg; T6) T2 1 1 g toxin binder/kg, and T7) T2 1 5 g/kg PLB. Broiler chickens fed AFB diet (T2) had lower body weight gain at the end of grower period and higher feed conversion ratio at the end of the finisher period, whereas inclusion of LE, probiotic, toxin binder, or PLB restores body weight of broiler chickens to that of the control group. Aflatoxicosis decreased total protein, TG, albumin, Ca, and P concentrations and greater uric acid concentration in broiler chickens as compared with the control group (P , 0.05). As compared with the T2 group, inclusion of 3 mg LE/kg increased serum total protein; inclusion of 3 mg LE/kg, probiotic, and toxin binder increased TG; inclusion of 3 and 6 mg LE/kg, probiotic, and PLB increased serum albumin; and the whole additive decreased serum uric acid of broiler chickens comparing with the control group. Lymphocyte percentage, avian influenza antibody titer, thymus relative weight, and immune response to phytohemagglutinin were decreased in the T2 group, whereas heterophil percentage and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were increased (P , 0.05). Aflatoxicosis increased breast meat malondialdehyde concentration, liver enzymes activities, and number of fat vacuoles (P , 0.05). As compared with the T2 group, all of the additives lowered alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase activities, breast meat malondialdehyde concentration, and liver pathological damages (P , 0.05). It can be concluded that all of the additives are capable to decrease the negative impact of AFB 1 on broiler chickens' performance, blood indices, and immunity.
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and a phytobiotic (turmeric powder) to counteract the toxic effects of aflatoxin BR1R in broiler 1Tchickens.1T Five hundred, day-old broiler chicks were divided equally into five groups. Birds of group (1) were fed on plain ration containing neither aflatoxin BR1R nor treatment, while birds in groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were fed on ration contaminated with aflatoxin BR1 Rat concentration of 2.5 ppm of ration from day old till the end of the experiment. Chickens in group (2) were given ration contaminated with aflatoxin BR1 Ronly. Group (3) was treated with HSCAS at a concentration of 0.5%, while group (4) was fed on ration containing turmeric powder in a dose of 80 mg/kg of the ration. Chickens in group (5) were given concomitant HSCAS and turmeric powder at the recommended doses. All groups were kept under observation till 5 weeks of age. The results cleared that treatment of aflatoxicated birds either with HSCAS or turmeric powder even their combination induced protection from the development of signs and lesions with significant (p<0.05) improvement of performance when compared with un-treated control group. Both HSCAS and turmeric powder treatment induced significant (p<0.05) amelioration of the measured organs body weights ratio, humoral immune response to Newcastle Disease (ND) and biochemical parameters in aflatoxicated chickens. In conclusion, addition of HSCAS and or turmeric powder can be considered an integrated approach for the control of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens.
A total of 240 day old chicks were used in a completely randomized design to investigate the effects of Thyme essence, in aflatoxin B 1 contaminated diets on the internal organ weights, biochemical traits and mortality of broilers. Twelve pen replicates with 20 chicks in each pen were assigned into each of the 4 dietary treatments having 3 replicates comprising: 1) basal diet containing; 2) basal diet + 600ppb aflatoxin; 3) basal diet + 500ppb Thyme essence; and 4) basal diet + 600ppb aflatoxin + 500ppm Thyme essence. The addition of aflatoxin to diets reduced spleen weight and increased the liver weight and inclusion of Thyme essence could only restore the increased liver weight. Aflatoxin increased the cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels in the broilers blood and Thyme essence cold partially reduce these increased levels. In conclusion, results of the present study indicated that the Thyme essence is a partially useful effective for reducing the signs of aflatoxin B 1 toxicities in growing broilers.
Aflatoxin (AF) is the secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and commonly contaminates feed during storage. AF causes lowered growth rate, stress, and increased mortality in the poultry, especially for broiler industries. The aims of this study are to determine the effects of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. leaf powder (SAP) in the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated with AF. A total of 108 chickens are divided into 6 group: group I fed with basal diet (AF not detectable); group II fed with basal diet (AF not detectable) + 5% SAP; group III with AF (>1 ppb <50 ppb); group IV with AF (>1 ppb <50 ppb) + 5% SAP; group V with AF (>51 ppb <100 ppb) + 5% SAP; group VI with AF (>101 ppb <150 ppb) + 5% SAP. The data of the body weight, feed intake and efficiency, the relative weight of liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius (BF), histopathology, haematological profile, haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titer, AF residue, and immunohistochemistry are collected on days 7, 14, and 21. All the data were analysed using SPSS 16. The supplementation of 5% SAP in the chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated with AF showed the potential effects of the body weight performance, haematological profile protection, increase in the cellular and humoral immune responses, reduction of AF residue in the organ, protection of liver, kidney, spleen, and BF histopathology, and increase in the immune-expression of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes ratio (P < 0.05). It shows that 5% SAP can be used as the alternative herbal supplementation to depress the impacts of aflatoxicosis in the broiler chickens.
Effect of Stresroak in Preventing Aflatoxicosis in Broilers
Experimental study in ninety day old broilers was undertaken by dividing them into three groups having thirty chicks in each group by feeding them with dietary aflatoxinB1@ dose of 150 ppb in groups II and 150 ppb + Stresroak @ 1gm/kg of feed in group III and without aflatoxin in the feed serve as control I for a period of 45 days. The present study was conducted to study the aflatoxinB1and to evaluate the efficacy of a Stresroak @ 1gm/kg in the broiler feed. Ninety vencob day old broiler chicks were divided into three groups of thirty chicks each. Group I was given normal feed, which served as a healthy control. Group II, fed with normal feed with aflatoxinB1 @ 150 ppb, served as the treatment control. Groups III, were fed with aflatoxinB1 @ 150 + Stresroak @ 1gm/kg given in the diet, respectively. These treatments were continued to all the experimental chicks up to sixth weeks of age. The haematological study revealed that values of haemoglobin were 12.10+0.62, 9.12+0.38, 10.10+0.11 g/dl, total erythrocyte count 3.90+0.10, 3.27+0.12, 3.59+0.17 x 106/mm3, total leukocyte count 24.96+0.50, 21.30+0.70, 22.60+0.47x 103/mm3 in the groups I, II & III respectively. Haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count values showed that significant decreased and at par values (p < 0.01) in groups II and III as compared with control group I. Thus from above observations it was concluded that dietary aflatoxin @ dose of 150 ppb fed birds revealed adverse effect on haematological values which results into economical losses to farmers, consumers, animal products & stresroak fed with aflatoxin @ dose of 150 ppb showed ameliorative effect on haematological values in broiler chickens.