TITLE OF THE PAPER – PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF LAGENARIA SICERARIA (MOLINA) STANDL. AND LUFFA CYLINDRICA (L.) M.ROEM VEGETABLE PEEL WASTE (original) (raw)
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Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae, which comprises about 118 genera and 825 species. It is an important vegetable crop of India, and its production is influenced by a number of factors viz., environmental, nutritional, cultural operation and use of plant growth regulators. Since, bottle gourd belongs to a medicinal family, it plays a major role in the treatment of several diseases related to the skin and heart. There are several organic chemical compounds including vitamin B complex, pectin, dietary soluble fibres, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, amino acids and minerals which have been isolated from this species. Therefore, the bottle gourd is considered to have a great impact on therapeutic health benefits. Due to drastic industrialization and urbanization, most of the human beings are facing several ill effects which may lead to death at extreme cases. Hence, the major research area was said to be nanotechnology. Taking into consideration, we have combined nanotechnology field with waste source in the name of green synthesis and planned to cure several diseases, as most of the researchers focused their work on this and succeeded too. The present study is a complete review of L. siceraria that covers the ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological profile. This study is mainly focused on the antibacterial, hepatoprotective, diuretic and anthelminthic activities.
Antioxidant activity and HPTLC profile of Lagenaria siceraria fruits
Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2009
The fruits of Lagenara scerara Standl. (Cucurbitaceae) are widely used for medicinal and nutritional purposes in Africa. The health promoting ability of the fruits might be related to antioxidant properties of its constituents. In this study the antioxidant effect of fresh and dried fruits of L. scerara was evaluated by comparing the 2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing capacity of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of fresh and dried fruits. The comparison was further emphasized by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of the extracts so as to relate activities with their chemical profiles. Results indicated that ethyl acetate (EA) extract of the fresh fruits exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than other samples. At 0.01 mg/ml the order of activity was: EA dried fruits (50.6%) < Bt (n-butanol) fresh fruits (53.3%) < Bt (n-butanol) dried fruits (64.8%) < EA fresh fruits (68.6%) < Gallic acid (81.8%). A slight change of activity was observed at 0.1 mg/ml, where the order was; EA dried fruits (70%) < Bt dried fruits (71.8%) ≤ Bt fresh fruits (72%) < EA fresh fruits (81.6%) < Gallic acid (88.5%). In the reducing capacity assay, Bt fresh fruits extract exhibited higher reducing power than all test samples. The HPTLC chemical profiles of both fresh and dried fruit extracts showed some slight differences. The slight differences in antioxidant activities were justified by the HPTLC chemical profiles of the fruits. Therefore, taking fresh or dried fruits of L. scerara may relatively give similar antioxidant effects. Since the fruits of this plant matures in bulky, then drying, milling and packing the products under hygiene environment can ensure a constant supply of antioxidant supplement.
The aim of the present work was to analyse antimicrobial activities of the lipid content of seeds pulp of the fresh fruit of Lagenaria siceraria and identification of its chemical constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methanolic extract of the seeds pulp exhibited moderate to good efficacy against Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus megaterium and Escherichia coli having zone of inhibition (ZOI) 21.5, 20.0, 17.5 and 15.0 mm, respectively, at concentration 100 mg/ml. It showed better potency than antibiotic amoxylin against Enterobacter aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium. The hexane fraction, that contained most of the lipid content, exhibited highest lethality against all the test microorganisms with ZOI 16.0 to 30.0 mm. It displayed highly significant efficacy against B. megaterium and Salmonella typhi with ZOI 30.0 and 22.5 mm, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of hexane fraction against B. megaterium and A. xylosoxidans was 0.40 mg/ml, while for others it ranged from 0.80 to 2.80 mg/ml. Palmitic acid exhibited significant potency against Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI, 20.0 mm, at concentration of 40 mg/ml), and moderately good efficacy against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Salmonella typhi and Enterobacter cloacae. Most compounds identified in the seeds pulp through GC-MS analysis were fatty acids or their esters. The compounds present in considerable concentration included azelaic acid (31.0%), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (27.75%), and palmitic acid methyl ester (13.0%). Major component of ethyl acetate fraction was 4-hydroxybenzenemethanol (19.28%), while chloroform fraction contained 4-methoxymethylphenol (6.42%) and pentanoic acid 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-methyl ester (6.75%) as major constituents. The lipid content of seeds pulp of Lagenaria siceraria fruit contains components which are capable to inhibit bacterial growth, and the ones with strong anti-oxidative potential. Key words: Lagenaria siceraria, antimicrobial, quercetin, palmitic acid, GC-MS analysis.
2014
The fruit of Lagenaria siceraria is commonly used as a vegetable. The aim of the present work was to compare the antimicrobial potential of extracts of its peel and mesocarp in various solvents against clinically important standard microbial strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027, Escherichia coli ATCC8739, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 and Candida albicans ATCC10231. In general, mesocarp was more potent than peel. P. aeruginosa was most susceptible, and methanolic extracts of both peel and mesocarp showed higher activity than antibiotic Amoxil. Ethyl acetate fractions of both the fruit parts and n-butanolic fraction of mesocarp showed highly significant activity against P. aeruginosa. Hexane fractions of peel and mesocarp and ethyl acetate fraction of mesocarp showed higher activity against C. albicans than Amoxil. In conclusion, the fruit of L. siceraria possesses exploitable antimicrobial activity, and further phytochemical investigation ma...
Frontiers in Nutrition
Since ancient times, the Cucurbitaceae family is used as a therapeutic option in human medicine. This family has around 130 genera and 800 species. Researchers have studied the various plants of this family including Lagenaria siceraria due to their medicinal potential. Various properties are beneficial for human health, that have been attributed to L. siceraria like antioxidant, hypolipidemic, diuretic, laxative, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, central nervous system stimulant, anthelmintic, free radical scavenging, immunosuppressive, and adaptogenic. The fruit of this plant is commonly used as a vegetable that has a low-calorie value. The species possess a diverse set of biological compounds like flavonoids, sterols, saponins, and terpenoids. Vitamins, choline, flavonoids, minerals, proteins, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals are also found in the edible parts of this plant. Besides 17 different amino acids, many minerals are reported to be pres...
Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds, Their Extraction, and Possible Utilization
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
Fruits and vegetables are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, as well as processed, due to their nutrients and health-promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, have increased very significantly to fulfill the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that losses and waste in fruits and vegetables are the highest among all types of foods, and may reach up to 60%. The processing operations of fruits and vegetables produce significant wastes of by-products, which constitute about 25% to 30% of a whole commodity group. The waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. These phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile industry, among others. The use of waste for the production of various crucial bioactive components is an important step toward sustainable development. This review describes the types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds.
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2013
From the ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl cultivated in Egypt, tetracosanoic acid methyl ester(1), phytol(2), mix of 22-dihydrospinasterol and spinasterol(3), 22dihydrospinasterol-3-O-glucoside(4), uracil(5), 8-C-P-hydroxy-benzylisovitexin(6), isovitexin(7), saponarin(8), maleicacid(9), α-D-mannopyranose(10) and3-O-methyl-α-D-galactopyranose(11), were isolated for the first time. Their chemical structures have been established on the basis of physical, chemical and Spectroscopic methods (UV, IR,MS, 1 H and 13 CNMR) in addition to comparison with literature data and /or authentic samples. GLC analysis of fatty acids methyl esters revealed the presence of eight fatty acids constituting (94.47 %) and unsaturated fatty acids constituted by 50.65%.GLC/MS analysis of sterols were studied; twenty compounds were identified,of which phytol, spinasteroland 22-dihydrospinasterol represented 52.66,7.59 and 5.78 %, respectively. HPLC analysis of amino acids reveled thirteenaminoacids (37.59g aminoacids /100g of seed), among which (7.417g/100g) and (3.145g/100g)essential and semi essential amino acids, respectively. Biologically total alcoholic or petroleum ether extracts of the aerial parts exerted significant results ashepato-protectiveagainst acetaminophen. The petroleum ether extract also demonstratedpromising anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities on the experimental animals.
2012
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Many of the Cucurbitaceae plants possess antitumor activity on the traditional use. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anticancer activity of extracts Lagenaria siceraria Standley Fruit. This fruit has the antioxidant activity so the plant may have anticancer activity. Preliminary phytochemical tests of successive extraction of Lagenaria siceraria Standely Fruit powder had performed to find out the different chemical moieties. Preliminary anticancer screening by exposure of different extracts Phytotoxic Bioassay model was carried out to find out the lead extract which shows the promising cell growth inhibitory activity. Cereals Moth seeds were selected for the Phytotoxic Bioassay which shows the phytotoxicity that compared with standard antimitotic drug (colchicine). n-Butanol extract of Lagenaria siceraria Standley Fruit powder shows the promising anticancer activity or cytotoxicity, so that it is selected a...
Pharmacognostic studies of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) standley fruits
Pharmacognosy Journal, 2014
Background: Lagenaria siceraria (LS) fruits belonging to Cucurbitaceae family is widely used in Indian traditional medicine for its various medicinal values. As per best of our knowledge there were no pharmacognostical reports, specifically to determine anatomical and other physicochemical standards required for its standardization. Material and Methods: In this study various standardization parameters like macroscopic and microscopic studies, physicochemical constants, extractive values and preliminary phytochemical screening were studied and reported. Results: Different standardization parameters were reported, which would be of immense use to identify and establish the authenticity of the plant. Conclusion: Preliminary pharmacognostic evaluation of Lagenaria siceraria fruits can give some useful information, which will be further used for standardization.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Lagenaria Siceraria : An Overview
2012
Cucurbitaceae family is major source of medicinal agents since ancient time. Various plants parts including fruits of this family have been established for their pharmacological potential. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) standley (family Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as lauki (Hindi) and bottle gourd (English) is a medicinal plant. It is used as medicine in India, China, European countries, Brazil, Hawaiian island, etc. for its cardiotonic, general tonic and diuretic properties. Further the antihepatotoxic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, antihyperglycemic, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of its fruit extract have been evaluated. It is used as vermifuge purgative diuretic and it is also recommended for increasing lactation for lactating women.Fruits are also used in treatment of cancer, pain, ulcer, fever, pectoral cough, asthma and other bronchial disorders. In many countries, this plant has been used traditionally as a single treatment for diabetes mellitu...