RISK OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (original) (raw)
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Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Assessment Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Taif, Saudi Arabia
Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2017
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition in middle-aged persons worldwide. The major factor risk of this disease is obesity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at King Abdul-Aziz Specialist Hospital. A STOP-BANG questionnaire formed of eight questions was used to assess the risk of OSA among type 2 diabetic patients. The scoring scale is categorized into three groups: low (0-2), intermediate (3-4) and high (5-8), respectively. By this study, we aimed to assess the risk of OSA among diabetes patients in Taif city. Results: Of the patients, 57.9% had mild risk, 26.9% had moderate risk and 15.2% had severe risk for OSA. There was a moderate positive relationship between age and STOP-BANG score. There was no significant correlation between the score and last fasting blood sugar and HbA1c's level, with P values of 0.554 and 0.335, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the type of treatment and the risk of developing OSA (P < 0.001). Percentage of patients with severe risk was significantly higher in those taking both insulin and oral drugs than those taking insulin alone or oral drugs alone. Conclusions: The OSA risk and prevalence is much higher in diabetics than in general population, with the risk increasing with age. The risk is higher in diabetic patients who are receiving both oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin. The screening of OSA among diabetic patients is necessary to identify those at severe risk and manage this problem, which may remain undiagnosed in many patients.
Risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnea among People with Diabetes
Bahrain Medical Bulletin, 2014
Result: A total of 455 questionnaires were analyzed. All patients included were type 2. The mean age was 56.6 years. High risk for OSA was present in 173 (38%) patients. It was more common among females (P=0.013). There was no significant age difference (P=0.75). The risk of OSA increased significantly with BMI≥35 (P<0.001). No significant difference was found between low and high risk in the control of glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and the number of drugs used. Three (1.7%) patients from the high OSA risk and 2 (0.71%) from the low risk (282) had previous OSA diagnosis. Conclusion: More than one-third of our patients were high risk for OSA. Screening for OSA among diabetics is lacking despite the presence of high number of at risk patients. Increasing awareness of the treating physicians is needed.
Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases, 2021
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may promote hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension (HTN). Purpose: To evaluate if there is a relationship between the severity of OSA and the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and HTN in our patients, aiming to understand and optimize the control for comorbidities. Materials and Methods: Patients referred for polysomnography (PSG) were retrospectively recruited during the period from October 2017 to August 2020. A STOP-BANG questionnaire formed eight questions was used to assess the risk of OSAS. We divided the patients into two groups; group 1, who have snoring without T2DM, and group 2, who have snoring with T2DM. PSG was completed for all subjects and data were collected for each patient including apnoea hypopnea index (AHI), mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO 2), and Nadir SaO 2 recorded during PSG. Anthropometric data, medical history, and medications for T2DM (for group 2) and HTN and HbA1c were collected (for group 2). AHI was used to evaluate the severity of OSA and its relation to T2DM and HTN. Results: The study included 300 patients who met the inclusion criteria with mean age of 49.9 ± 13.6 years. The majority of subjects (56.3%) were males and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 38.0 ± 8.4 kg/m 2. Forty-two percent had HTN and 32.7% had T2DM. OSA was diagnosed in 209 patients (69.7%). OSA was more detected among those with increased age, increased BMI, and those with HTN and T2DM.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea; type 2 diabetes; Waist Circumference; HbA1c, Jazan; Saudi Arabia
Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 2021
Objectives: To assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its associated risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes in the south of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Armed Forces Hospital in Jazan. The prevalence of OSA was assessed through a validated Arabic translation of the STOP-BANG screening questionnaire. The odds of a higher OSA risk were calculated via regression analysis according to the measured clinical and demographic variables. Results: The total number of participants was 306, of which 213 (70%) were over the age of 50; 247 (81%) were married, and 161 (53%) were females. The overall median score of the OSA risk level assessed by the STOP-BANG items was three on a scale of 0-8 of which 193 (63.1%) of the participants in the sample were classified as being at high risk of developing OSA. Several statistically significant associations were identified where odds ratios (ORs) with a higher OSA risk level were detected according to age, gender, social status, waist and neck circumference, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) levels, duration of diabetes, and comorbidity with hypertension (p-values <0.05). Conclusions: The higher risk of OSA identified in our sample of diabetic patients can be related to a high prevalence of obesity, larger neck circumferences, hypertension, and other factors related to the duration and treatment of diabetes. Additionally, the association between waist circumference, HbA1c, and duration since the diagnosis of diabetes suggests an interaction effect requiring further investigations. Response to Reviewers: Dear Journal Office Thank you for your feedback. All responses to reviewers' comments have been .attached with the submission. Below are responses to your editorial comments Best wishes Corresponding author Ibrahim Gosadi Itemized Responses to Editorial Comments Comment 1. Article category Response: The article title was modified to indicate the type of the article category as the : following Assessment of Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Type 2 diabetes and Associated Factors using STOP-BANG questionnaire: a cross-sectional study (Comment 2. 3 names of each author (first, last, and initial of middle name Response: The 3 names of each author (first, last, and initial of middle name) have
Nigerian Medical Journal, 2014
and metabolic conditions like insulin resistance and type 2 DM. 4-7 OSA has also been shown to impact on glycaemic control among DM patients independent of the effect of obesity. 4 The postulated mechanisms of this effect include sleep fragmentation, frequent arousals, intermittent hypoxaemia and consequently, hyper-activation of sympathetic mechanisms leading to poor glucose control. 8 However, the impact of OSA among patients with type 2 diabetes is unknown and infrequently studied in developing countries where the burden of DM is substantial and increasing. 9 To the best of our knowledge, there is no study on the prevalence and predictors of OSA in patients with diabetes in Nigeria or any population of patients with diabetes in West Africa. We hypothesise that OSA is prevalent in type 2 diabetes. We aimed to describe the prevalence of OSA in type 2 DM patients using a screening questionnaire and to ascertain the predictors of a high risk of OSA after adjusting for obesity. Several epidemiologic studies have shown that OSA is independently associated with cardiovascular diseases
The prevalence of high risk obstructive sleep apnoea among patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 2019
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) among patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Jordan, and to explore the association between sleep apnea and clinical and demographic variables. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the 1 st of November 2011 to the 1 st of February 2012 on 1143 patients with T2DM (aged 30-90 years) at the National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Genetics (NCDEG). The center is considered to be the only referral center in the country and accordingly, the patients represent the population in different parts of the country. All participants completed the Arabic version of the Berlin Questionnaire and were categorized as either low or high-risk patients for OSA. Results: A total of 1143 patients with T2DM were included in this study. There were 587 (51.4%) males and 556 (48.6%) females. The findings showed that 554 (48.5%) patients were at high risk for OSA and 589 (51.5%) were low risk for OSA. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, smoking, and neck circumference were significantly correlated with high risk for OSA. The clinical and demographic variables were also collected for analysis. Conclusions: The study found that high risk for OSA was highly prevalent among Jordanian patients with T2DM and that age, smoking and neck circumference were significantly correlated with OSA. Health care providers should be made aware of the high prevalence of sleep problems affecting patients with diabetes and should consider the appropriate screening and treatment for these patients, therefore improving their quality of life.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, including cardiovascular diseases and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess the associations between cardiovascular risk, chronic diabetes complications and the risk of OSA in adult patients with T2DM. Methods: The study included 529 patients with T2DM in whom moderate-to-severe OSA risk was assessed using the STOP-Bang questionnaire, dividing the subjects into two groups: group 1: STOP-Bang score <5, and group 2: STOP-Bang score ≥5, respectively. In all the subjects, cardiovascular risk was assessed using the UKPDS risk engine. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, the results being statistically significant if p value was <0.05. Results: 59% of the subjects scored ≥5 on the STOP-Bang questionnaire. We recorded statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding diabetes duration, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, albuminuria, as well a...
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MS) that increases the chance of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and mortality. Many studies have been conducted on this matter, but the results are still conflicting. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients and Methods: This matched case-control study was conducted with 190 patients with T2D in Sanandaj, Iran. The data were selected using the demographic questionnaire, clinical and anthropometric measures, the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Participants were divided into two groups of high risk of OSA (experimental) and low risk of OSA (control). The data were analyzed using Stata, version 14. Results: The frequency of MS was higher in the OSA group than the control group (81.1% vs 70.5%), but the group difference was not statistically significant (p=0.127). The results of crude and age-sex adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed no significant association between OSA and the other variables under study (P>0.05). Sensitivity analysis and external adjustment for BMI showed no significant relationship between OSA and the other variables under study (P=0.319). Conclusion: In the present study, no significant association was found between metabolic syndrome (MS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with T2D; therefore, more studies should be conducted on this subject.