Studies on citrus leaf miner (CLM) in relation to abiotic factors on different host plants in Punjab, Pakistan, Pakistan Entomologist, 35(1), 5-10. (2013) (original) (raw)
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Studies on the relationships between seasonal ambient temperatures (weekly average, maximum and minimum) and the relative abundance and incidence of citrus leaf miner (CLM) on plants of different citrus varieties were conducted in citrus nurseries and orchards at two experimental farms in Pakistan by sampling infestations of CLM at weekly intervals from May through September. Significant relationships were found between CLM abundance and incidence and the temperature variables by correlation and regression analyses. Maximum, minimum and average weekly temperatures had consistent positive relations with CLM abundance and incidence, whereas, rainfall and relative humidity had either a negative or no correlation to insect infestation. Relative humidity at one site had a 2 positive correlation with CLM abundance and incidence (R value ranged from 0.29 to 0.72). Linear regression models were formulated with a CLM abundance as a response variable and stepwise addition of max. temp., min. ...
Scientific Reports, 2021
Climate change has not only exacerbated abiotic stress, but has also rendered external conditions more feasible for pests to spread and infest citrus fruit. Citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) is a potential pest that directly feeds the newly sprouted leaves and twigs of all three spring, summer and autumn flushes. Increasing temperatures in spring and autumn, leafminer accrued more heat units or developmental degree days to accelerate the biological stages of its life-cycle, thereby increasing the pressure of infestation. Present work was conducted at three different environmental conditions in Sargodha, Toba Tek Singh (TTS) and Vehari districts of the Punjab province, Pakistan; all three experimental sites were located in different agro-ecological zones. More infestation was recorded in all three flushes at TTS and Vehari than in Sargodha. Overall, more damage was observed due to higher temperatures in TTS and Vehari than in Sargodha. After May–June heat stress, spontaneous ...
MANAGING INSECT PESTS & DISEASES OF CITRUS: ON FARM ANALYSIS FROM PAKISTAN A B S T R A C T
Population pressure is increasing demanding more food for sustainable future but competition for key resources is high due to prevalence of insect pests and diseases. Numerous losses have been recorded due to diseases infestation in Pakistan particularly in case of citrus. On farm technicalities are increasing while farmers' technical knowledge is stagnant making insect pests and diseases pathogens resistant. Citrus is leading fruit and its better productivity is vital for the farmers and national economy but per acre production is lower that potential. Insect pests and diseases role is counted as significant in lowering the production. Therefore presents study was undertaken to explore growers concerns. 120 respondents were selected using probability sampling technique under survey based research design. Findings indicated that growers were more familiar to insects/pests attack than diseases infestation. The adoption of cultural and mechanical control was found more prominent method to manage diseases impacts. Lack of technical knowledge, Finance shortage, and high cost of inputs were the major adoption militating factors among growers. Micro credit schemes should be started by the public sector to alleviate the finance problem and trainings should be imparted by the pathology and entomology experts along with extension agents to adopt alternate way to manage the viral diseases.
Sarhad J. Agric, 2011
Population densities of different sucking pests of citrus and their biocontrol agents were studied during 2001-2003 at Charbagh (Swabi), Palai (Malakand Agency) and Khanpur (Haripur) areas of Khyber Pukhtun Khawa. Data at all sites were recorded at fifteen days interval. Population density of whiteflies and citrus psyllids were recorded as number of adults per leaf, while the leaf miner infestation was recorded as % infested leaves and the aphid's infestation was recorded as % infested shoots. The type and number of predators were counted per tree at the same time and collected for identification. Parasitoids were collected from infested leaves and shoots. Maximum infestation of whiteflies (2.27 adults per leaf) was recorded from Khanpure in April followed by Palai (1.96 adults per leaf) and Charbagh (0.25 adults per leaf) in August. Leaf miner was active throughout the year especially on fresh growth. The heaviest leaf miner infestation (55%) was recorded at Charbagh and Palai (49%) in October; while at Khanpur highest infestation (29%) was recorded in September. Citrus psylla population was highest (34 adults/leaf) in May at Khanpur followed by Palai (5.5 adults/leaf) in June. Lowest population (0.7 adults/leaf) was recorded in August at Charbagh. Maximum infestation 38.5% of aphids was observed at Khanpur in January followed by Charbagh 35.5% in November and 29% at Palai in March. Eight species of spiders and eight species of coccinellids were recorded at all locations. Green lace wing (Chrysoperla carnea) and syrphid fly (Syrphis sp.) were recorded only at Charbagh (Swabi). Binodoxys shillongensis was found as aphid parasitoid. Leaf miner was found to be parasitized by Allocerastichus obscurus and an unidentified chalcidoid wasp was reared from citrus psylla nymphs. No parasitoid was recovered from whitefly nymphs.
Effect of some climatic factors on insects associated with citrus agro-ecosystems in Ghana
The present study investigates the effects of some climatic factors on insects associated with citrus orchards in two different agro-ecological zones in Ghana. The study showed that, climatic factors affected insects differently in different agro-ecological zones. There was a negative and highly significant (P˂0.01) correlation between insect abundance and rainfall in the Coastal Savannah zone whereas the correlation between mean temperature and insect abundance was negative and significant (P˂0.05) in the Semi-Deciduous Rain Forest zone. Numbers of insect species peaked differently in some months during the study period due to favourable climatic conditions for their reproduction, growth and activities. The month of February was most favourable for the insects in the Semi-Deciduous Rain Forest zone whiles January was most favourable for the Coastal Savannah zone. Similarly, some months were more favourable for pests of citrus in Ghana; January and February for Ceratitis ditissima and Leptoglossus sp. in both agro-ecological zones and, January and February for Achaea sp. in the Semi-Deciduous Rain Forest and Coastal Savannah respectively. The months of October and September were most favourable for Zonocerus variegatus in the Coastal Savannah zone and Semi-deciduous rain forest zone respectively during the study period. Even though the two different agro-ecological zones had common pests, the proportions and peak periods however varied. The differences are crucial with regards to developing integrated pests management strategies to control insect pests of citrus in Ghana.
Major insect pests of citrus crop and their management: A review
2021
Citrus is one of the most important fruits industries in the world, grown in more than 52 countries around the world. In India, 250 species of insects and mites have been reported infesting different species of citrus. The present study recorded the infestation of Lemon butterfly:
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2016
Citrus mites (Acarina: Arachnida) are distributed worldwide. In addition to citrus, many other plants including fruit crops, vegetables, field and weeds are also hosts of mites. In present research to check the seasonal abundance of mites in four tehsils of district. Data regarding E. orientalis adult population was recorded with the interval of seven. Correlation of the citrus mites population with abiotic factors; temperature, humidity and rainfall was also calculated. Over all kinnow variety was found susceptible with maximum population of mite as compare to other citrus varieties. The maximum mite population density was recorded in the tehsil kotmomin as compared to other three tehsils. However relative humidity and rainfall showed significantly negative correlation to the population of E. orientalis. The finding of present research suggested that the kinnow is a susceptible variety for mites attack as well as there is impact of abiotic factors on mite population.
Kinnow (Citrus nobilis) and orange (Citrus reticulata) are fruits having significant economic, cultural and social impact throughout the world. Orchards of these fruits serve as a host of many insects but interaction of citrus host with insect fauna varies from pest to predator that show symbiotic relationship and ultimately lowers fruit production. The present study was conducted from July to December, 2015 to record occurrence and interaction of pest vs. predator communities along the temperature gradient on citrus orchards under the ecological conditions of district Toba Tek Singh (Punjab), Pakistan. The abundance of pest was found to increase rapidly in late July, and reached its first peak in late-August, then followed by the second peak in mid-October among orange orchards. Few numbers of natural enemy species were discovered and recorded highest in September in association with pest species. Among kinnow orchards, pest abundance was found to increase in late-August, than followed by the second peak in early October: Dalbulus maidis (Cicadellidae) was recorded as an extraordinary contributing pest species. However population densities of natural enemies were highest from September to October and lowest densities were recorded in early July and in late-December. In case of natural enemies, Raphidopalapa foveicollis (Chrysomelidae) was recorded abundantly. Findings from this study suggested that under field conditions, various indigenous natural enemies (predators of different sizes) may act for suppression of pest species to great extent but they were quite low in number. However, results of analysis of variance regarding pest and predator densities among both orchards were not significant (F = 2.20; P = 0.1601 " orange " and F = 1.33; P = 0.2686 " Kinnow ").
2021
The study was undertaken at the College of Horticulture, Mudigere, during Kharif, Rabi and summer season from July 2019 till June 2020 to understand the seasonality of citrus leaf miner on Coorg mandarin. Seasonal incidence revealed the prevalence of citrus leaf miner activity around the year. Roughly three broad peaks could be noticed during the IV week of July 2019, III week of October 2019 and II week of April 2020. The leaf miner activity was predominant from September to December 2019 and less during January and February 2020. Further, the correlation of weather parameters with citrus leaf miner incidence indicated that rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature and minimum relative humidity had a non-significant effect. In contrast, maximum relative humidity had a positive and significant impact (r=0.301).