Application of Geographic Information System for Mineral Exploration in Nigeria (original) (raw)
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MATEC Web of Conferences, 2017
The artisanal gold mining in Ivory Coast has become a key problem in the mining sector. A diverse group of people in Ivory Coast, including the young and the old, are all engaged in these activities that are reportedly better than agricultural inputs.. However, it is still a high-risk activity that leads to pollution, environmental degradation and the loss of human life. About ten people die each year in the gold mines. This paper focuses on gold mine safety by using the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a major solution to solve the artisanal gold mines problem, and also seeks to promote the mining industry in Ivory Coast.
Earth Sciences, 2020
Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) is a multi-step process that ranks a promising target area for more exploration. This is achieved by integrating multiple geoscience datasets using mathematical tools to determine spatial relationships with known mineral occurrences in a GIS environment to produce mineral prospectivity map. The study area lies within Latitudes 9° 00ʹ N to 9° 15ʹ N and 6° 45ʹ to 7° 00ʹ E and is underlain by rocks belonging to the Basement Complex of Nigeria which include migmatitc gneiss, schist, granite and alluvium. The datasets used in this study consist of aeromagnetic, aeroradiometric, structural, satellite remote sensing and geological datasets. Published geologic map of the Sheet 185 Paiko SE was used to extract lithologic and structural information. Landsat images were used to delineate hydroxyl and iron-oxide alterations to identify linear structures and prospective zones at regional scales. ASTER images were used to extract mineral indices of the OH-bearing minerals including alunite, kaolinite, muscovite and montmorillonite to separate mineralized parts of the alteration zones. Aeromagnetic data were interpreted and derivative maps of First Vertical Derivative, Tilt derivative and Analytic signal were used to map magnetic lineaments and other structural attributes while the aeroradiometric dataset was used to map hydrothermally altered zones. These processed datasets were then integrated using Fuzzy Logic modelling to produce a final mineral prospectivity map of the area. The result of the model accurately predicted known deposits and highlighted areas where further detailed exploration may be conducted.
Journal of Applied Geology
Western Java is a part of the Sunda Banda magmatic belt. This belt is well known to be host for several gold deposits in Indonesia, the distribution of 107 Au occurrences in this area was examined in terms of spatial association with various geological phenomena. The goal of this project is to use GIS to conduct weights of evidence (WofE) model for gold mineralization in West Java, Indonesia. A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analyzing, and displaying geospatial data and weight of evidence method is one of the most important datadriven methods for mapping in GIS. The method is a probability based on technique for mapping mineral potential using the spatial distribution of known mineral occurrences. Therefore this method is very useful for gold potential mapping. There are six evidences maps such as NE–SW lineaments NW–SE Lineament, host rocks, heat sources, clay alteration and limonitic alteration, have been combined using a...
MINERAL POTENTIAL PREDICTIVE MODELING USING GIS
Mineral Potential modeling produces maps showing areas that are most likely to contain economic concentrations of minerals to be explored. The maps can also be used to serve other purposes like showing where the most prospective areas are relative to residential areas, existing mine sites, historical exploration, or processing facilities. These maps are also known as predictive or posterior probability maps because they show the statistical probability of the metal or mineral of interest occurring in a predetermined area. The Maps present probability data ranked in terms of high probability of occurrence to the least, which are interpreted as a relative measure of favourability by (e.g. high, moderate, low, or poor). These classified and ranked maps are then used by explorers to prioritize their investment targeting highly prospective areas and place lesser importance or even completely ignore land that is not prospective. The objective of this paper is to introduce Geospatial correlative integration (GCI) modeling methodology, a framework of conflating different GIS based tasks and, using GIS as a basic tool to create maps and applications for use as prediction documents in different disciplines of geosciences. GCI has successfully been used in different countries globally for different geo-scientific applications and the paper explains data requirements, validation techniques, and finally a discussion / conclusion.
International journal of innovation and scientific research, 2019
This work aims to identify potentials sites suitable for mining research through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The method of pair comparisons by the hierarchical analysis process developed was used to the ponderation of criteria to generate different thematic maps. By the technic of complete aggregation based on the ponderation, these different maps were combined to produce the indicator map to result in the synthesis map. The map of potential sites for the auriferous mineralization which is a synthesis map reveals that 10% (350Km² or 3500ha) of the study area is moderately mineralized, 30% (1050km² or 1050ha) is mineralized and 13% (455Km² or 45500ha) is very mineralized. This map is of great importance for possible auriferous explorations. It highlights the auriferous potentialities of Katiola department.
Water, an important natural resource, is available on surface as well as in recharge zone and in various other suitable water reservoir formations/structures below the surface. As the availability of surface water is an erratic and irregular one, there is the need to study and map the underground water reservoirs. In this study, an integrated approach was implemented using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing techniques for viewing promising and non-promising areas for groundwater exploration. Interpretation of hydrogeological data frequently involves assimilating information from many sites, each with a unique geographical location, and the spatial location be incorporated into the analysis. Geographic information system (GIS) can be used efficiently for this purpose, where hydrogeological data having different spatial identity can be analysed objectively using different logical approaches. In this study, GIS was used for the analysis of hydrogeological data acquired from remote sensing and surface geophysical techniques for the assessment of groundwater condition of a soft rock terrain in Ikorodu environments, Lagos, Nigeria. Geophysical survey was conducted using vertical electrical sounding (VES) at 40 locations in the study area. The data was interpreted using evolutionary programming technique based on global optimization. Lithology resistivity and thickness interpreted from VES data was used to generate the corresponding Veslines based on inferred lithology. The Veslines and the vespoints were combined to generate 10 cross sections varying from different sectional lines drawn on the surface with their known locations, elevations and depth values on the maps. The interpolation of all cross-sections was used to generate a fence diagram called a geo-section. Weights were assigned to different ranges of resistivity and thickness values based on their position on geological map. The weighted maps were integrated using a GIS based aggregation method to model the hydrogeological condition of the area in a solid model. The results of this provided information which aided decision making in underground water exploration and exploitation in a sustainable basis. A limitation to this work is the adoption of only the ves approach though reliable.
Applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in Mineral Exploration
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2023
Mineral exploration is a task that we need to approach with maximum information. Missing out on rare metals and minerals can easily occur, and the process of searching for them is a costly risk. That is one of the reasons for remote sensing in mineral exploration being so important. Remote sensing can be used to measure, variations in acoustic wave distributions, force distributions and also electromagnetic energy distributions. The latest progress in the field of remote sensing and origin of new computer software such as Geographical Information System (GIS), ENVIS (Environmental Information Software) have transformed the world and made life much easier for mineral explorers. I.
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) have played an active role in mineral exploration by helping in the identification or discovery of new gold deposits in most part of the world such as Spain, Nova Scotia (Canada) and Egypt. Different authors have used Remote Sensing and GIS in exploring minerals deposits. Birim North District of the Eastern Region of Ghana is one of the gold-mineralized districts but there is no gold potential map covering the whole district. This research work was aimed at producing a gold potential map covering the whole of Birim North District through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS technique. The Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) image of the Birim North was processed by applying the clay-mineral ratio (Band 5 to Band 7) and the principal component analysis. The result was further processed to obtain the alteration map of Birim North District which represented the altered rocks associated with gold-mineralization. The Aeromagnetic image of the same area was enhanced by using the Edge Detection Directional Filter and later digitized manually on-screen to produce the lineament map of Birim North District. These results obtained from the Remote Sensing processes were integrated into GIS environment with other geospatial datasets such as the soil geochemical data and geophysical data. The Arc-weight of evidence was used as the spatial data integration model in the prediction of the potential gold areas. A total of 250 known gold deposits was used, 180 were used as training samples and 70 were used for the validation. The results obtained from the research work indicated that the best predictors of the new gold deposits were the soil geochemical data, geophysical data and the lineament. The alteration was the least predictor. The gold potential map demarcates 158 km2 (i.e., 32%) of the total of 497 km2 as favourable for the occurences of the gold deposits within the study area. The gold potential map also has a success rate of 88% (i.e, the percentage of the training deposits or points in the predicted favourable gold deposits zones) and a prediction rate of 83% (i.e, the percentage of the validation deposits or points in the predicted favourable gold deposits areas). Many of the mining communities and Newmont Ghana Gold limited mine area were found in the areas associated with relative higher posterior probabilities.
2021
In an effort to realize commercial gold mining in Western Kenya, its exploration has been done over the years and recently in 2015, a gold resource worth 1.31 Million ounces of gold worth 1.65 billion US Dollars was announced by Acacia Exploration Company in the Lirhanda Corridor of Western part of Kenya. In addition, Acacia gold Ltd reported mineralised zones on the neighbouring prospects, approximately one kilometre away from the Acacia prospect, but stated that at that stage the material remained unclassified due to drill density and the need to further understand the controls on the mineralisation and its continuity. Further exploration and research has been proposed to move this existing target mineralisation into the “Inferred Resource” category and to expand the scale of the targeted mineralisation by exploring areas of the neighbouring prospects, which are large gold in-soil anomalies with positive initial drill results. According to results provided by Acacia Exploration Ke...
Geographic Information System in mining and mine site redevelopment (example: Kettara Mine, Morocco
Geographic Information System in mining and mine site redevelopment , 2021
Abstract The exploitation of mineral resources is one of the main sources of income for some countries. The processes accompanying mining result in changes in geological or geomorphological, hydrogeological and geochemical conditions over large areas. Environmental changes and disturbances are related to several factors, including the type of resources mined (uranium ore, gas, coal, petroleum ore and construction materials, etc.), the mining methods (open pit or closed pit). The knowledge and topographic control of these mining sites often becomes difficult or impossible to achieve without the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite images for the analysis and large-scale exploitation of various types of materials. They are the basis of the systemic approach of the environmental study, because the image itself is the reduced spatial model of the territory. To stimulate the rate of natural resources and their potential economic use, as well as to examine the influence of these mineral resources on the natural environment, it is necessary to use different data. Only the territorial geographic information system (GIS) is capable of solving the problems of data collection, processing, analysis and storage, as well as modeling the conditions and presenting the information necessary for decision-making. The geographic information system (GIS) is a set of databases composed of remote sensing and cartographic data that allow us to obtain various geographic and geological information during our investigation. The keywords: Mineral resource exploitation, geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing, mapping, environmental rehabilitation of mining site