Histopathological lesions associated with equine periodontal disease (original) (raw)
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The study of periodontal disease as part of equine dentistry is one of the overlooked fields of study, which truly needs more study and research to clearly understand the nature of the disease, the most appropriate diagnostic technique and prevention or treatment to provide for a good quality of life for horses. The abattoir survey of the oral cavity and dentition of 400 horses from SouthEast Queensland, Australia, showed that the most common dental abnormality was sharp enamel points (55.3% prevalence). Several types of dental abnormalities were strongly associated with age. The highest frequency of dental abnormalities (97.5%) were observed in senior horses (11-15 years old) and this included periodontal disease that increased to almost fifty percent in senior horses. The findings also confirmed that all horses, not just young horses, should have regular complete dental examinations as early as possible which should limit the development of more severe dental pathologies later in life. VI
Bacterial Periodontitis in Horses: An Epidemiological Study in Southern Italy
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Equine periodontal disease (EPD) is a painful oral inflammatory syndrome characterized by multifactorial pathogenesis. Although it is well known that bacterial proliferation and consequent gingivitis are caused by the decomposition process of food residues, in hypsodont species, the pathogenetic role and the different bacterial species involved in the progression of EPD must be fully clarified. This study aimed to investigate the association of bacteria, including the complex red bacteria (RCB), with EPD, and to evaluate possible EPD risk factors. Bacterial species, including Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis (belonging to the RCB), Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veilonella parvula, and Prevotella intermedia, were investigated in 125 oral swabs from healthy and EPD-affected horses using real-time multiplex PCR. Subsequently, possible risk factors (i.e., age, gender, and breed of the animals and type of feed used) were evaluated using univariate and multiv...
Pathology of chronic ovine periodontitis
Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
ABSTRACT: Periodontitis is an inflammatory process of infectious origin affecting the teeth and their supporting structures, causing significant economic losses and reducing animal welfare. Bacteria in the gingival biofilm are one of the main factors in initiating inflammatory lesions. Bacteria act directly on tissues or indirectly through substances that cause tissue damage. Studies on the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis in Brazilian sheep herds are scarce. The present study aimed to characterize histologically periodontal lesions of culled sheep from the Brazilian breed, Santa Inês. Periodontal lesions, such as periodontal pockets containing plant tissue and bacteria, replacement of the periodontal ligament by connective tissue and inflammatory cells, superficial pustules, hydropic epithelial degeneration, and epithelium hyperplasia, were observed. Submucosal changes were characterized by granulation tissue, edema, swelling of the endothelial cells, bacteria, and predominantly p...
Periodontitis Disease in Farmed Ruminants—Current State of Research
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Periodontal disease in ruminants is common and occurs in farmed and wild animals. Periodontal lesions can result from the secretion of endotoxins by pathogenic bacteria and as consequences of immune system activity. Three main types of periodontitis have been described. The first is chronic inflammation involving mainly premolars and molars—periodontitis (PD). The second type is an acute inflammatory reaction occurring with calcification of the periosteum of the jawbone and swelling of the surrounding soft tissues (Cara inchada, CI—“swollen face”). Finally, a third type, similar to the first but located in the incisor area, is called “broken mouth” (BM). Etiological variation between the different types of periodontitis is indicated. This particularly manifests in the composition of the microbiome, which is characteristic of the different forms of periodontitis. The widespread detection of lesions has drawn attention to the current nature of the problem.
A review of equine dental disorders
Equine dentistry is a very important but until recently rather neglected area of equine practice, with many horses suffering from undiagnosed, painful dental disorders. A thorough clinical examination using a full mouth speculum is a pre-requisite to performing any equine dental procedure. Common incisor disorders include: prolonged retention of deciduous incisors, supernumerary incisors and overjet -the latter usually accompanied by cheek teeth (CT) overgrowths. Overjet can be surgically corrected, but perhaps should not be in breeding animals. In younger horses, traumatically fractured incisors with pulpar exposure may survive by laying down tertiary dentine. Loss or maleruption of incisors can cause uneven occlusal wear that can affect mastication. Idiopathic fractures and apical infection of incisors are rare. The main disorder of canine teeth is the development of calculus of the lower canines, and occasionally, developmental displacements and traumatic fractures. The main indications for extraction of ''wolf teeth'' (Triadan 05s) are the presence of displaced or enlarged wolf teeth, or their presence in the mandible.
Caries in the infundibulum of the second upper premolar tooth in the horse
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2007
Background Swedish equine dental practices have empirically found that the prevalence of infundibular caries as a primary disorder in the first permanent premolar teeth (P2) of the horse upper jaw has increased during the last 10 years. A previously unknown bacterial species, Streptococcus devriesei (CCUG 47155T), which is related to Streptococcus mutans, has recently been isolated from these carious lesions. To understand the aetiology of caries in horses, it is essential to elucidate the relationship between S. devriesei and P2 infundibular caries. Methods The anterior infundibulum of maxillary P2, or the occlusal surface at the site of the infundibulum, in 117 horses and ponies, 77 with and 40 without caries in this tooth, was sampled for bacteriological analyses between 1990 and 2004. Samples were transported in VMGA III medium and then inoculated onto MSB agar. The approximate number of bacteria was counted in each sample and the isolates were characterised biochemically, using...
Clinical, radiological and bacteriological findings in canine periodontitis
Journal of Small Animal Practice, 1993
The clinical and radiological features and bacterial flora were studied in 16 small dogs with periodontitis. Gingival retraction, bleeding and alveolar bone loss were the most typical findings, whereas deep periodontal pockets were infrequently found. Periodontitis was frequently localised to certain regions of the dentition, most often in premolars or incisors. However, the deepest periodontal pockets were found in canine teeth. The mean pocket depth was 2.0 f 0.4 mm (mean f SD). The mean percentage of the sites with a pocket depth of more than 3 mm was 10.5 per cent. The mean occurrence of gingival bleeding after probing was 22.7 f 12.7 per cent and the mean percentage of furcation lesions in multirooted teeth per dog was 46.0 k 23.5 per cent. Tooth mobility was seen in 26.7 k 13.3 per cent of the teeth. In each case subgingival plaque samples were taken for microbiological examination from two teeth with periodontitis and one healthy tooth. There was a clear difference between the diseased and healthy pockets in the detection frequency of the following Gram-negative anaerobes: pigmented, non-pigmented slime producing and fusiform rods. The counts of Gram-negative pigmented, other non-pigmented
Equine Veterinary Journal, 2016
Reasons for performing study: Equine periodontitis is a common and painful condition. Despite this, the disease often goes unnoticed by owners and is thus a major welfare concern. The aetiopathogenesis of the condition remains poorly understood with few recent studies performed. The innate immune system is known to play an important role in human periodontitis, but its role in equine periodontitis has not been examined.