Selected literature on radicalization and de-radicalization of terrorists: Monographs, Edited Volumes, Grey Literature and Prime Articles published since the 1960s (original) (raw)

Terrorism, radicalization and de-radicalization

In this article, we review the literature and present a model of radicalization and de-radicalization. In this model, we distinguish three phases in radicalization: (1) a sensitivity phase, (2) a group membership phase and (3) an action phase. We describe the micro-level, meso-level and macro-level factors that influence the radicalization process in these three phases. However, not all people become increasingly radical — they may also de-radicalize. We specify the micro-level, meso-level and macro-level factors in de-radicalization. We highlight the importance of the role of group membership and intergroup relations in the radicalization process.

Twenty Important Articles and Reports on Terrorist Radicalization (2012)

Perspectives on Terrorism, 2012

Keeping up-to-date with new research on terrorism can be challenging for both academic and non-academic researchers, with a multitude of books, articles and reports of varying degrees of quality being produced continuously. Andrew Silke noted that the publication of books on terrorism nearly jumped tenfold after 9/11, from 150 titles in 2000 to 1108 the following year, and 1767 in 2002 [1]. If one searches for books on terrorism with www.amazon.com one decade later, one gets over 30,000 results and the sub-genre 'radicalisation' already produces in excess of 300 books. Research on radicalisation took off in 2004 in response to the blowback from the American intervention in Iraq the year before. The London bombings in 2005 generated further interest in the phenomenon of "homegrown terrorism", where apparently self-starting cells of radicalising individuals mobilized against their host countries with little or no material support from foreign terrorist entities. This has created a whole new field of empirical inquiry.

Guest Editorial: Processes of Radicalization and De-Radicalization

International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 2012

The study of radicalization and de-radicalization, understood as processes leading towards the increased or decreased use of political violence, is central to the question of how political violence emerges, how it can be prevented, and how it can be contained. The focus section of this issue of the International Journal of Conflict and Violence addresses radicalization and de-radicalization, seeking to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the processes, dynamics, and mechanisms involved and taking an interdisciplinary approach to overcome the fragmentation into separate disciplines and focus areas. Contributions by Penelope Larzilliere, Felix Heiduk, Bill Kissane, Hank Johnston, Christian Davenport and Cyanne Loyle, Veronique Dudouet, and Lasse Lindekilde address repressive settings, legitimacy, institutional aspects, organizational outcomes, and dynamics in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North and South America.

THINKING ABOUT RADICALIZATION AFTER SO CALLED ISLAMIC STATE: AN INTRODUCTION

Radicalization is one of the most debated concepts of the last decades which covers the process in which the individual, who feels alone in the society, departs from mainstream point of view and even adopts violent activities and beliefs. States attach special importance to coping with radicalization because of the fact that radicalization is not only a prospective process but also a retro-active one. In other words, radicalization is, up to a point, preventable, restrainable and reversible process. The process of radicalization tells us a lot about the reasons why people join terrorist organizations, and provides an insight into deradicalization of those who leave such organizations. Terrorist organizations benefited from the environment of failed states in Iraq and Syria and increased their number of terrorist fighters into tens of thousands. During this period, a number of foreign fighters illegally entered Iraq and Syria to join different terrorist organisations. However, a lot of States face with the problem of returned foreign terrorist fighters after the defeat of so called Islamic State. States have to meet the challenge of returnees as they pose a risk of engaging in new recruitment, planning and carrying out new terror plots. Therefore, it is important for States to adopt counterradicalisation policies for those people who alienate in societies and have potential to adopt radical beliefs, to disengage those people who have already adopted such beliefs or participated in conflicts, and to deradicalize those who are disengaged or leave the terrorist organisations.

Radicalisation Processes Leading to Acts of Terrorism

2008

This concise Report was prepared to outline the current state of academic research on violent radicalisation. Radicalisation to any form of violence, including terrorist violence, is a gradual or phased process. The Report finds that there are remarkable similarities between radicalisation to current Islamist or jihadist terrorism and radicalisation associated with left-wing, right-wing or ethno-nationalist terrorism in Western Europe since the 1960s. The Report also concludes that radicalisation leading to acts of terrorism is context-specific. Past and present waves of violent radicalisation which lead to terrorism among mainly young people share certain structural features. There is not any single root cause for radicalisation leading to terrorism but a number of factors may contribute to it. Precipitant (‘trigger’) factors vary according to individual experience and personal pathways to radicalisation. Personal experiences, kinship and bonds of friendship, as well as group dynamics are critical in triggering the actual process of radicalisation. Ideology appears as an important and constant factor in the radicalisation process towards terrorism, but the espousal of a particular ideology alone does not guarantee that radicalisation towards terrorist violence will ensue.

Violent Radicalization: Beyond Ideology or Religion

Workshop: The Narrative of Islamic violence in History. Creation, artifice and reality, 2018

Narratives that consider Islam as a violent religion have been reinforced in recent times by the rise of jihadism, i.e. those radical Islamist movements that advocate the use of violence through a distorted concept of jihad. At present, jihadism represents a global movement with a considerable popular base of followers even in secular Western societies. One of the characteristics of jihadist organizations is their ability to commit attacks in these Western societies, either directly and deliberately or through inspiring and encouraging the creation of autonomous cells. This fact, on the one hand, has led the respective governments to declare jihadist terrorism as one of the main threats to security. But, on the other hand, it has also contributed to the association between Islam and violence, a tendency that, although clearly erroneous and unjust, often becomes inevitable. However, recent research suggests that the process of violent radicalization of jihadist nature that some individuals experience in Western societies does not differ essentially from other processes based on political or nationalist ideologies. If this hypothesis is confirmed, the different political, religious, etc. contexts where the process of radicalization takes root would lose relevance in favor of the individual and the interpretation he makes of each of them. In other words, the arguments that support the consideration of Islam as a violent religion would lose weight in favor of the misuse, intentional or not, that some individuals make of religion to satisfy their own ends.

THE MULTIFACTORIAL PROCESS OF RADICALISATION TO "JIHADI" FUNDAMENTALISM

The Multifactorial Process of Radicalisation to "Jihadi" Terrorism, 2020

The paper analyses the main factors that trigger radicalisation to "jihadi" fundamentalism from a socio-criminological and geopolitical perspective. The concept of radicalisation and its causes in its potential progression towards terrorist violence will be examined. The conclusion of the paper will pinpoint the flaws of the current strategies of counter-radicalisation and counter-terrorism and will outline some possible preventive ways forward. Table of contents: 1. The concept of radicalisation. – 2. The multiple roots of radicalisation and international terrorism. – 3. The ideological factor. – 4. The political factor. – 4.1. The government of the Middle East territories. – 4.2. The escalation of international conflict: the interventionism of the United States and Europe. – 5. The social factor. – 6. The cultural factor. – 7. The economic factor. – 8. Conclusion.

De-radicalisation of Terrorists: Theoretical Analysis and Case Studies

This article argues that terrorists can be de- radicalised through holistic approaches that focus on a diverse range of factors, including disengagement and reintegration. While narrowing on individual focused de- radicalisation instead of group de- radicalisation programmes, definitional considerations and theoretical models are discussed. Through observations of programmes in Yemen, Pakistan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, the author proposes a three-tiered de-radicalisation model: (i) re- education and ideological intervention, (ii) vocational training and financial support, (iii) and viable environment for reintegration.