AN ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFERENT SPIKE ATTACK ARM SWINGS USED IN ELITE LEVELS OF MEN'S VOLLEYBALL (original) (raw)
Related papers
Strength and Conditioning Profile of the Motions in Volleyball
Proceeding book Vol.1
Most of the scientific reports about volleyball are focused on the technical aspect of the game and a very small amount of them are about time motion analysis. In this regard to the fore comes the necessity of the quantification of the time motion profile of the volleyball game. These analyses are important to the objectification of strength and conditioning. The aim of this research is to study the different motions of 16-17 years old female volleyball players. The main task of this report is to define basic motions that characterize the volleyball game. The second task of the research is to quantify this motion in a real game situation. The methods that are used for this research are video and statistical analysis. After thoroughly researching the reports on this topic we design a model for time motion characteristics that are important for strength and conditioning. It was based on and complied with all of the previously developed models with some modifications. The data were col...
Factors Correlated With Volleyball Spike Velocity
American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2005
Volleyball is a complex discipline with high technical, tactical, and athletic demands on the players. Serving, passing, and setting the ball are accompanied with spiking or attacking actions. 7 To achieve success in volleyball, it is desirable to possess a strong offense, and the main form of attack in the modern game is the smash, or spike. 11 Starting with an approach followed by a vertical jump, one of the objectives of the volleyball spike is to hit the ball at the highest possible speed. Unbelievably, a highly skilled attacker with 16 to 20 hours of weekly practice time spikes, for example, about 40 000 times a year. Considering the various spiking requirements, highskilled volleyball player management justifies multidisciplinary assessments aimed to optimize performance and contribute to injury prevention. The purposes of this study were as follows: (1) to assess the isokinetic strength developed by the dominant shoulder and elbow of high-level volleyball players, (2) to establish possible relationships between the isokinetic parameters or physical features and field performances such as spike velocity, and (3) to compare volleyball players in the first division (N1) with volleyball players in the second division (N2). Possible implications of our findings for training optimization will obviously take into account shoulder injury prevention and treatment features.
Effects induced through the use of physical and motor tests in volleyball
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise - 2019 - Spring Conferences of Sports Science
The purpose of the study was to analyse and evaluate the jumping ability and the fundamental technical of the float serve in volleyball in 3 areas of the opposing camp (1-6-5), in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a working method. The study was performed on a sample of 12 male volleyball players (Category: Under 20). Data were collected in two periods (September and October), subjecting the players to intensive technical and physical work. At the beginning of the training period anthropometrics data (weight, height, BMI, reach to one hand) and the values at the vertec jump test were collected. Each player carried out 90 float services (3 series of 30 float serves, respectively to specific areas of the opponent's field 1-6-5) to check out if there is continuity of precision towards the three zones or if there is a significant difference. The results show, after four weeks of intensive training, an improvement in jumping ability at the Vertec test. It is hypothesized a not significant difference in the performance by the group of players, in terms of precision, towards the three opposing areas and a positive difference in pre-training (September) and post-training (October) performances. The monitoring of the training process will allow to estimate the effects induced through the use of physical and motor tests, allowing the coaches to design and choose the methodology and the appropriate training load, for an effective performance.
Jumping Profile of Elite Volleyball Male Players by Field Positions during a Competitive Season
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008
PURPOSE: To determine a jumping profile of elite volleyball male players by field positions during a competitive season. METHODS: Twelve Argentine professional volleyball male players (age: 28.6 ± 5.4 years, weight: 92.4 ± 8.8 kg., height: 192.0 ± 8.3 cm.) were studied during a whole competition phase. They played 59 matches in 36 weeks and the average of matches played per week was 1.6. Fifty five official matches were analyzed (in Argentina: 36 (National League), 9 (Association Cup), 3 (National Tour); in Brazil: 4 (Mercosur Cup), 3 (Unisul Cup). Video recordings were taken from the back of the court and all matches were stored digitally. 1/30 seconds frame by frame analysis was used to determine: 1) frequency of jumps per player who were grouped according to 4 field positions: setter (SE), wing attacker (WA), middle blocker (MB) and receptor attacker (RA), 2) percentage of jumps in volleyball skills (spiking, spiking approach, jump service, blocking and setting) by player, 3) work time during the set: total set time minus resting time (time outs, players changing time, time to reach the ball to the serve). Total amount of jumps and total work time was calculated per subject. Work-rate profile (WRP) during competition was determined by the quotient between total amount of jumps and work time. RESULTS 23865 volleyball skill jumps were collected. The blocking and spiking were the skill jumps more frequently used by the players (37.9 % and 21.7 % from the total). Jump service was 17.6 % and setting jump 14.5 %. Spiking approach jump were the less used (8.7 %). An average of 1.25 jumps per minute was determined as WRP. ANOVA (p<0.05) showed no significant differences among playing positions for WRP. SE had slightly higher WRP than the others players (1.62 j/m) but most of the jumps were made in the setting (68.6 % from the total). MB and WA were similar (1.35 j/m vs.1.33 j/m) but the former used the blocking (46.5 %) and spiking approach (23.8 %) significantly more (p<0.05) compared to the latter and others positions (except blocking with RA). WA performed spiking (46.7 %) and blocking (35.5 %) as the primary skill used. In contrast, RA had the lower WRP (1.12 j/m) with blocking jump at first (44.9 %) and spiking jump (32.8 %) in second order. WA and RA used spike jumps significantly more than MB and SE (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that the work-rate profile may not vary according to field position in the game, but there is an important difference in the percentage of jumps in volleyball skills more frequently performed. Specific movement patterns imposed by positional roles on its players could have an impact on the performance profile. Coaches and trainers should consider these differences on their training programs.
Trodimenzionalna Kinematička Analiza Zamaha Rukom Iznad Glave U Različitim Sportovima
Kineziologija, 2009
The aim of this study was to compare the kinematics of the overarm throw for different sports. Eleven elite female handball players and nine elite female volleyball players were selected as subjects for the study. Arm and forearm segment movement in the backswing and acceleration phases of players performing the volleyball spike and the handball jump shot were evaluated. Video data were captured using two Sony 50Hz cameras and were digitized and analyzed using Simi Motion Analysis 5.5 program. In the backswing phase, there were significant differences in the angular width, velocity and acceleration between the volleyball players and handball players on the transverse, vertical, and sagittal planes of the motions (p<.01). In the acceleration phase, the statistically significant difference was found in the angular width of the arm segment motion on the transverse plane (p<.05). On the sagittal plane, the significant difference was found in the angular width, velocity, and acceleration of the arm motions between the volleyball and handball players (p<.05). These results suggest that volleyball players use vertical flexion more frequently, thus increasing the time to gain velocity. Handball players transfer the velocity used in horizontal flexion to the vertical flexion in a short period of time.
Effect of an Arm Swing on Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance in Elite Volleyball Players
Journal of Human Kinetics, 2016
The aim of this study was to determine how elite volleyball players employed the arm swing (AS) to enhance their jump performance. The study assessed how the AS influenced the duration and magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the main phases (preparatory, braking and accelerating) of the countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ), the starting position of the body at the beginning of the accelerating phase and the moment when the AS began contributing to increasing the jump height. Eighteen elite volleyball players performed three CMVJs with and without an AS. Kinetics and kinematics data were collected using two Kistler force plates and the C-motion system. The time and force variables were evaluated based on the VGRF, and the position of the body and the trajectory of the arm movement were determined using kinematic analysis. The AS improved the CMVJ by increasing the jump height by 38% relative to jumping without an AS. The AS significantly shortened the brakin...
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2017
Vertical jump is an important skill is many sports. Sports such as volleyball and basketball require its participants to perform a vertical jump in a more upright position and gain as much height as possible. Previous research has shown that when trunk motion is restricted during a vertical jump participants have decreased jump height, takeoff velocity, and hip extension moment compared to a jump with non-restricted trunk motion. Findings also suggested that the knee was the greatest compensator during this movement. PURPOSE: The aim of the current study is to identify the alterations in lower extremity joint mechanics when participants jump with a more upright trunk position. METHODS: 15 participants (age 23± 3, weight 160±33 lbs. height 68.6±4.3 in) performed body weight squats, side lunges, and leg swings as a warm-up. Reflective markers were placed on the lower extremities. Participants performed 3 vertical jumps with a self-selected trunk angle (SS) and 3 vertical jumps after being instructed to keep trunk angle as vertical as possible (UR). Arm swing was limited by placing hands on the hips. Force data were collected with a force place (Bertec, Inc.; Columbus, OH). Motion capture data were collected with Vicon Nexus (Vicon, Inc.; Oxford, UK). All data were processed with Visual 3D (C-Motion, Inc.; Germantown, MD) and analyzed using a paired t-test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The results showed that hip extension moment was significantly reduced in the SS trials (M=1.44 Nm/kg and 1.26 Nm/kg for SS and UR, respectively, p=0.006). Knee and ankle moments did not show a significant difference and jump height was significantly decreased (p<0.001), although 3 participants jumped higher in the UR position. CONCLUSIONS: Hip extension moment alone was significantly influenced by trunk angle. Data did not show evidence that knee and ankle moments compensated for the difference in hip extension moment. It was interesting to note that some participants jumped higher with the UR. This shows that there might be potential to train individuals to jump higher while maintaining an upright trunk. It is important to recognize that there are sports that require task performance in less than ideal situations.It could be worthwhile repeat this study with athletes who are trained to jump with a vertical trunk i.e. volleyball players, basketball players.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2018
This study would aim to establish specific profiles for anthropometry and functional movement parameters and identify which characteristics can be modified by training to achieve a better quality of movement in elite male volleyball players competing at the Italian National League (Super Lega=39, aged 25.6±4.7 years, A2=30, aged 26.2±5.3 years). Another aim was to value functional movement patterns in relation to morphological traits, with special focus on differences by division and playing positions. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. According to discriminant analysis, the differences between players of the two Divisions were primarily due to non-modifiable parameters (humerus width, height, and bicrestiliac width) and modifiable parameters (contracted arm circumference and muscle area of upper arm). Our results highlighted differences according to related to playing positions. Middle hitters and opposite were taller, heavier and generally showed wide dimensions in contracted arm circumference, upper limb length widths and handgrip strength than the players of the other roles. Percentage of fat mass was low in players of all role, such as endomorph somatotype component. Ectomorphic component was maximal in middle hitters, while in liberos was maximal the mesomorphic component. The players of the two Divisions did not showed differences in the movement patterns, even if about the 33% of them showed a dysfunctional movement, with a prevalence of asymmetric movements in the shoulder mobility test. Multiple regression showed that in volleyball players an optimal flexibility and mobility was closely related to anthropometric characters with particular emphasis on body fat.
Repetitive stresses and movements on the shoulder in the volleyball spike expose this joint to overuse injuries, bringing athletes to a career threatening injury. Assuming that specific spike techniques play an important role in injury risk, we compared the kinematic of the traditional (TT) and the alternative (AT) techniques in 21 elite athletes, evaluating their safety with respect to performance. Glenohumeral joint was set as the centre of an imaginary sphere, intersected by the distal end of the humerus at different angles. Shoulder range of motion and angular velocities were calculated and compared to the joint limits. Ball speed and jump height were also assessed. Results indicated the trajectory of the humerus to be different for the TT, with maximal flexion of the shoulder reduced by 10 degrees, and horizontal abduction 15 degrees higher. No difference was found for external rotation angles, while axial rotation velocities were significantly higher in AT, with a 5% higher ball speed. Results suggest AT as a potential preventive solution to shoulder chronic pathologies, reducing shoulder flexion during spiking. The proposed method allows visualisation of risks associated with different overhead manoeuvres, by depicting humerus angles and velocities with respect to joint limits in the same 3D space.