The Effectiveness of Education Based on Cognitive, Metacognitive, and Behavioral Model on Reducing Meta-worry Belief in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder (original) (raw)
Related papers
2017
Introduction: This study was conducted in order to examine the effectiveness of cognitive, meta-cognitive, and behavioral model on the reduction of anxious thoughts in patients with social anxiety disorder. Methods: The study method was semi-experimental with a pre-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population contained all the patients with social anxiety disorder referring to public and private centers in Kermanshah in 2016 which were selected using available sampling method. A total of 30 patients who were chosen through structured interviews (SCID-I), and Well's Questionnaire of Anxious Thoughts (1994), were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Twelve cognitive, meta-cognitive, and behavioral therapy sessions due to the developed model and on the basis of relevant theoretical insights was done twice a week for the experimental group while the control group received no interventions. After the treatment, both groups were evaluated with ...
Metacognitive theory of emotional disorders suggests that metacognitive beliefs can play a causal role in the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. In this prospective study, we examine the relationships between metacognitive beliefs, perceived stress and anxiety in a non-clinical sample. Participants were 135 undergraduate students who completed a battery of questionnaire at two time points (3-months apart). Results revealed metacognitive beliefs do not predict long-term anxiety independently. However, moderation analyses demonstrated negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger prospectively moderated the relationship between perceived stress and Time 2 anxiety. Negative metacognitive beliefs also interacted with baseline anxiety to predict the change in anxiety symptoms. The results confirm metacognitions play a causal role in anxiety and have implications for cognitive models and the treatment of anxiety.
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 2018
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a major risk factor for developing symptoms of depression. Severity of social anxiety has previously been identified as a risk factor, and cognitive models emphasize dysfunctional schemas and self‐processing as the key vulnerability factors underlying general distress in SAD. However, in the metacognitive model, depressive and other symptoms are related to metacognitive beliefs. The aim of this study was therefore to test the relative contribution of metacognitions when controlling for SAD severity and factors postulated in cognitive models. In a cross‐sectional design, 102 patients diagnosed with primary SAD were included. We found that negative metacognitive beliefs concerning uncontrollability and danger and low confidence in memory emerged as the only factors explaining depressive symptoms in the regression model, suggesting that metacognitive beliefs are associated with increased depressive symptoms in SAD patients.
Indian journal of psychological medicine
Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a recent psychological intervention for emotional disorders. Its efficacy in social anxiety disorder (SAD) is yet to be established. We examined the effectiveness of an MCT in patients with SAD. A two group case-control design with baseline, post, and 3 months follow-up was adopted. The control group received training in applied relaxation (AR). Four patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV diagnosis of social anxiety were sequentially allotted to receive either MCT or AR. Patients were assessed on postevent processing (PEP), social anxiety, depression, and fear on negative evaluation. Clinical significance was calculated. MCT was more effective than AR in reducing social avoidance, PEP, and self-consciousness. While overall both interventions were effective in reducing social anxiety, MCT was marginally more effective. MCT may be a promising therapeutic approach in the management of SAD.
Correlation among meta-cognitive beliefs and anxiety – depression symptoms
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2010
Metacognition is cognizing the beliefs including views and opinions which persons have about the events such as thoughts, emotions, memories, scenes and their comprehensions. Objectives of this study are to survey the interaction of these Metacognitive beliefs with the symptoms of anxiety and depression between the Allameh Tabatabei University Students. Therefore 260 students of this University were selected by the help of method of multi-methods clause. For measuring Meta-cognitive beliefs the sampled community was given the MCQ-30 questionnaire and for measurement of anxiety and depression two scale of anxiety and depression the test of depression, anxiety and stress(DASS-21) was used. Data were analyzed by the method of Pierson Correlation and forward multivariate Regression. The results indicate that the Meta-cognitive beliefs especially "negative ones is related to the uncontrollability and danger" and "low cognitive confidence" has positive relationship with anxiety and depression (negative emotions). Also the results of regression show that between the Meta-cognitive beliefs, the factor of negative Meta-cognitive beliefs in case of uncontrollability and danger is the best predictor both for depression and anxiety. The approaches of this study support this prediction in which the experience of negative emotions such as anxiety and depression has positive and meaningful relation with the Meta-cognitive dimension experiences and support the S-REF model and this approaches says that the treatment of such symptoms related to the depression and anxiety must use the S-REF theory.
Metacognition and Depression, State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety Symptoms
Objective: The objective of this study was analyzing the effect of meta-cognition elements on depression, trait and state anxiety symptoms. Methods: In this Study, the sample consisted of 224 students of University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences that answered three questionnaires including Metacognitive Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Beck Depression inventory (BDI-II) and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Pearson correlation coefficient and step-by-step regression to analyze were used for data analysis. Results: According to the results, there is a positive and significant correlation between total score of metacognition and four elements of beliefs (positive beliefs, negative beliefs, uncontrollability and low cognitive trust (P<0.01). In addition, summary of results indicated that out of metacognitive elements, only general negative beliefs may predict the variations of depression scores, (P<0.01). Conclusion: Summary of this study demonstrated that metacognitive beliefs are significantly effective on prediction of depression and anxiety. Moreover, out of metacognitive elements, only general negative beliefs, in comparison with other elements, may predict the depression.
Meta-cognition and worry: A cognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 1995
A meta-cognitive classification and analysis of factors contributing to the development of problematic worry is presented. Dimensions of meta-beliefs, meta-worry, cognitive consciousness, and strategies can be distinguished. A cognitive model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder is advanced ...
Worry and Metacognitions as Predictors of Anxiety Symptoms: A Prospective Study
Frontiers in Psychology
Both worry and metacognitive beliefs have been found to be related to the development of anxiety, but metacognitive theory ) suggest that metacognitive beliefs may play a more prominent role. The aim of the present prospective study was to examine whether worry, metacognitive beliefs or the interaction between worry and metacognitive beliefs, were the best predictor of anxiety over time, utilizing a longitudinal, prospective study design. An undergraduate student sample (N = 190) was assessed on measures of worry (PSWQ), metacognitive beliefs (MCQ-30) and anxiety (BAI) at three points in time over a 7-month period. A mixed-model analysis revealed that both worry and metacognitive beliefs predicted development of anxiety, independently of each other, with no indication of an interaction-effect (PSWQ * MCQ-30). Further, analyses of the MCQ-30 subscales indicated that negative metacognitive beliefs may be particularly important in the development of anxiety. While gender was correlated with worry, gender predicted anxiety beyond the effect of worry. Taken together, the results imply that both worry and metacognitive beliefs play a prominent role for the development of anxiety.
Behavior therapy, 2002
Advances in treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are likely to result from a better understanding of the dysfunctional cognitive mechanisms underlying persistent worrying. In a cognitive model of GAD, Wells (1995) proposed that pathological worry is maintained by maladaptive metacognitions (negative beliefs about worry concerning uncontrollability and danger, and negative appraisal of worrying [meta-worry]) and linked behaviors. Twenty-four patients with GAD were compared with sex-matched groups--social phobia, panic disorder, and nonpatients--on measures of negative metacognitions and worry. It was hypothesized that patients with GAD would obtain higher negative metacognitive belief scores and higher metaworry scores than the other groups; differences in negative metacognitions would be independent of the general frequency of worry. A group of individuals with major depression was also examined as a subsidiary exploration of relative metacognitive and worry characteristics of this disorder. All of the hypotheses were upheld in the univariate ANOVAs. There was a loss of one hypothesized significant difference between the GAD and panic disorder groups in meta-worry when general worry frequency was controlled. However, the GAD group still had higher meta-worry scores than the panic group. This effect appears to be the result of patients with panic having intermediate meta-worry scores falling between the GAD and other groups. Differences between the GAD group and all other groups in negative metacognitive beliefs concerning uncontrollability and danger remained when general worry was controlled. The results add further support to the cognitive model, and treatment implications are briefly discussed.