HAIR AND BLOOD PLASMA AS INDICATORS OF MINERALS STATUS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOES (original) (raw)
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SALIVA AND URINE AS INDICATORS OF MINERALS STATUS OF BUFFALOES
The current work was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary minerals intake and minerals status in animal's body on minerals concentration in saliva and urine of buffaloes. Twelve dairy buffaloes and 12 growing heifers almost similar in age and live body weight were fed traditional summer and winter rations. Also, two metabolism trials were conducted using barki rams to determine minerals balance of these rations. Samples of saliva, urine and feedstuffs were taken two times through the experimental period after three months of feeding traditional summer and winter rations for minerals determination. The contents and intake of P, Mg, Na and Zn were higher, but the contents and intake of Ca, K, Cu, Mn and Fe were lower significantly (P<0.05) for summer ration compared with winter ration. Moreover, the concentrations of P, Na, K and Zn in saliva and the concentrations of Mg, Na and K in urine increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing the intake of these elements. However, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe in saliva and the concentrations of Ca, P, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe in urine were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the intake of these elements. The concentrations of Ca, Mg and Mn were higher and the concentrations of P, Na, K and Cu were lower significantly (P<0.05) in saliva of dairy buffaloes compared with their growing heifers. While, the concentrations of Zn and Fe were not differing significantly (P>0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe were higher significantly (P>0.05) in urine of growing heifers in comparison with dairy buffaloes. While, the concentrations of Na and K were nearly similar.
Effect of selected factors on mineral parameters in plasma of cows
Objective of this paper was to evaluate the effects of herd, exploitation, management system, and season on blood macro and micro-minerals in cows kept in a mountainous region. The cows were kept in four herds, two exploitation manners, and two systems. Concentrations of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) were significantly differed in the factors of herd and exploitation only, levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) showed differences in all factors. Beef animals had higher level of P than dairy exploitation (1.59 mg.L -1
A Comparative Study on Mineral Status of Blood Plasma of Small Ruminants and Pastures in Punjab, Pak
Pakistan J Bot, 2008
This paper reports the concentrations of some essential minerals (Mg, Cu and Zn) in soil, forage and blood plasma of grazing goats and sheep in two pastures (managed and unmanaged) in the south-western Punjab, Pakistan during two consecutive seasons of the year. The main aim was to evaluate and compare the mineral status of grazing ruminants on two different areas of the same farm in relation to seasonal variation. Mean mineral element concentrations in soil and forages in the managed pasture area tended to exceed levels over the unmanaged pasture area for almost all three investigated elements. Soil Mg and Cu concentrations were within the optimum range for active plant growth, but the levels of available Zn were below the critical limit. At both managed and unmanaged pastures, the effect of the season on both soil and forage mineral element concentrations were significant. The Zn concentrations in both summer and winter seasons in the managed pasture and Cu in the winter season were below the ruminants requirements, but Mg concentrations were above or within the recommended range. The plasma mineral profile of all animals fluctuated in relation to season and pasture. It was concluded that the mineral nutrition of the livestock at this region is almost adequate but at the marginal deficient level. This concentration may change abruptly to severe deficient levels at any time and may result in decreasing effective minerals particularly at the unmanaged location due to decrease in the levels of essential minerals in winter forages which are considered as the main reason for poor animal performance. Based on the information obtained from soil, pasture forage and plasma it is possible that low levels of Cu and Zn in soil and forage could potentially limit ruminant production. It is concluded that mineral supplement may continually be provided to the grazing animals to enhance the mineral status for maximizing the production potential of livestock at this site.
Tropical Animal Health and Production
The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood serum and diet concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron in Holstein dairy cattle kept under semi-industrial farming in Isfahan province, central Iran. Moreover, the effects of season, pregnancy, and daily milk yield on serum Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations were also evaluated. The study was carried out on 12 semi-industrial Holstein dairy cattle farms. A total of 120 blood serum samples (60 in each season) and 24 diet samples (12 in each season) were collected in the summer and winter. The Cu, Fe, and Zn contents were assessed in samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the summer, the mean concentrations of Cu and Fe in serum samples were lower and higher than the critical level, respectively (P < 0.05). In total diet samples, the mean concentrations of Zn were significantly higher than critical level (P < 0.05). In summer, winter, and total diet samples, the mean concentrations of Fe were significantly higher than critical level (P < 0.05). The serum Cu and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in the winter than those determined in the summer (P < 0.05). The serum Cu concentrations were significantly higher in nonpregnant than those in pregnant dairy cattle (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in serum Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of dairy cattle in different daily milk yield groups. It can be concluded that Holstein dairy cattle reared under semi-industrial dairy farming were deficient in serum Cu concentrations, especially in summer. Further, high level of Fe in blood serum might be due to feeding of cattle with diet containing excess quantity of Fe.
Trop Anim Health Prod (2012) 44:407–411, 2012
The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood serum and diet concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron in Holstein dairy cattle kept under semi-industrial farming in Isfahan province, central Iran. Moreover, the effects of season, pregnancy, and daily milk yield on serum Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations were also evaluated. The study was carried out on 12 semi-industrial Holstein dairy cattle farms. A total of 120 blood serum samples (60 in each season) and 24 diet samples (12 in each season) were collected in the summer and winter. The Cu, Fe, and Zn contents were assessed in samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In the summer, the mean concentrations of Cu and Fe in serum samples were lower and higher than the critical level, respectively (P<0.05). In total diet samples, the mean concentrations of Zn were significantly higher than critical level (P<0.05). In summer, winter, and total diet samples, the mean concentrations of Fe were significantly higher than critical level (P<0.05). The serum Cu and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in the winter than those determined in the summer (P<0.05). The serum Cu concentrations were significantly higher in nonpregnant than those in pregnant dairy cattle (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in serum Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of dairy cattle in different daily milk yield groups. It can be concluded that Holstein dairy cattle reared under semi-industrial dairy farming were deficient in serum Cu concentrations, especially in summer. Further, high level of Fe in blood serum might be due to feeding of cattle with diet containing excess quantity of Fe.
Seasonal and Physiological Variations in Serum Chemistry and Mineral Concentrations in Cattle
Biological Trace Element Research, 2006
The present study reports the seasonal and physiological variations of copper, zinc, magnesium, iron, sodium chlorine, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, urea, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (CR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, albumin, globulin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein concentrations in cattle. Two groups of mated (n = 14) and nonmated (n = 10) healthy cows were selected for the study. Serum samples were collected at each of four periods: (1) early pregnancy (May), (2) midpregnancy (August), (3) late pregnancy (October), and (4) lactation (February). Physiological variations result in changes of cholesterol, calcium, LDH, and total protein concentrations. Phosphorus varies only with seasonal but not physiological changes, whereas ALP, copper, magnesium, and potassium concentrations change with physiological and seasonal conditions. The copper concentration is increased through the pregnancy. Neither the seasonal nor the physiologic variations affect zinc, iron, sodium, chlorine, calcium, urea, creatinine, albumin, and globulin values in both groups in all periods. Thus, these values can be used as reference for both mated and nonmated bovines. The measured total protein might not reflect its true value because of dehydration during the hot season. These observations suggest that seasonal and physiologic variations have to be taken into consideration for the correct interpretation of serum chemistry and elements status in cattle. Nutritional supplements are required for cattle during certain periods to avoid a decline of their performance, which would then represent consequent economic loses.
Assessment of pasture and plasma minerals of cows: A case study in Pakistan
Agricultural Sciences, 2013
An investigation was conducted to evaluate the nutrient level of grazing livestock as influenced by the sampling periods in Punjab state district Sargodha, Pakistan. Twenty composite soil and pasture and twenty five blood samples were collected at two different sampling periods during December 2010 to March, 2011, respectively. Higher soil content of all elements except iron was observed during December than those found in Mach at the 2 nd harvest during this period but all mean values were above the critical levels investigated for soil for the requirements of forage crops. Forage, potassium, magnesium and copper levels did not differ between samplings. Calcium, sodium, zinc, manganese, cobalt and selenium were higher during December, while reverse was true for forage iron reflecting the soil iron contents. The sodium, manganese, iron and selenium in forage were found to be deficient than the requirements of livestock during both sampling times in this investigation. From the four minerals assessed in the serum calcium, magnesium and zinc levels were high after the December in March. The macro mineral which were found to be moderately deficient at this animal farm are sodium and magnesium. Micro elements most likely to limit livestock production efficiency are copper, zinc, manganese and cobalt. Specific mineral supplementation should be supplied containing copper and zinc, as both pasture and blood plasma samples exhibited their deficiency. The present investigation suggests the requirement and provision of an appropriate specificity tailored mineral mixture to ruminants in this specific studied area. The objective of this study was to determine deficiency or excess of various minerals to have the knowledge of the status of different minerl elements for supplementation if necessary.
Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 2021
The aim of this study was to compare some trace elements in serum and hoof tissues of healthy Brown Swiss and Anatolian buffaloes raised in Turkey. Thus, the data generated in this study may have some potentials to contribute to future studies in this field. A total of 20 animals, 10 Anatolian buffalo cows and 10 Brown Swiss dairy cattle, were included in the study. The health status of all animals was examined and those without any systemic disease and lameness were enrolled in the study. Hoof tissue samples were taken from the dorsal hooves (paries ungulae) and solear hooves (solea ungulae) of the lateral of the right hind feet of all animals for trace element analysis. Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn levels were determined by ICP-MS in all claw samples. Paries ungulae Cu and Zn levels were significantly higher than in the solea ungulae in both groups (P<0.05). In solear hoof samples, a positive correlation between Cr and Fe, Cr and Cu, and Cr and Zn levels in buffalo group was observed but not statistically significant. In conclusion, Cu and Zn levels in paries ungulae are higher than solea ungulae in both species; however, more comprehensive studies should be performed to determine trace element levels in hooves of buffaloes and cattle with claw lesions.