Effect of Theoretical Biomechanics on Open Jump the Platform Jumps Performance using Jumps (Vault) in Artistic Gymnastics (original) (raw)
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BACKGROUND: A vaulting performance takes a short time and it is infl uenced by and aff ects the quantity of mechanical variables. After the 2000 Olympic Games, the traditional horse was replaced by a new vaulting table. While the biomechanical data of vaulting using the new table (post 2000 Olympic competition) are not available yet, there is a question what the current technique of handspring performed by top-level female gymnasts looks like. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine the biomechanical factors that govern success in the performance of the handspring and front somersault vaults. METHODS: Eight top-level female gymnasts participated in this study. For the 3D spatial movement analysis, two digital camcorders with a frame rate of 50 fi elds per second were used. The data was digitized by the Simi motion software. The method of Hay and Reid (1988) was used to identify the biomechanical variables that determine the linear and angular motions of the handspring and front somersault vaults. A correlation analysis was used to establish the strength of the relationship between the causal biomechanical variables and the judges' scores. The level of statistical signifi cance was determined at the value of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Five out of 23 examined variables showed signifi cant correlations with the scores. A signifi cant correlation was found in the vertical height of the body center of mass during the takeoff from the vaulting table (r = 0.86), in the maximum height of the body center of mass in the second fl ight phase (0.83), in the change of the horizontal velocity during the phase of the takeoff from the vaulting table (r = –0.69), in the horizontal component of the velocity during the spring from the vaulting table (r = 0.75) and in the duration of the second fl ight phase (r = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS: The phase of the takeoff from the vaulting table is a crucial phase of the vault. Top-level artistic female gymnasts are able to execute the takeoff from the vaulting table in a relatively short period of time with a full extent of the movement (maximization of the height of the body center of mass at the board takeoff). The takeoff from the vaulting table is executed at a high vertical and horizontal velocity that ensures a suffi cient height of the vault and landing distance of from the vaulting table. The longer time of the second fl ight allowed gymnasts to complete the rotation motion during the second fl ight phase and perform a controlled and safe landing.
Jumping performance profile of male and female gymnasts
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 2013
The aim of this study was to establish a more precise jumping performance profile of elite gymnasts than that published in previous studies. Seventy-six elite male and female competitive gymnasts and 91 moderately active subjects volunteered for the study. The jumping tests performed on a contact mat were: squat jump (SJ) with progressive loads of 0%, 25%, 50 %, 75% and 100% of body mass, counter-movement jump (CMJ), and counter-movement jump with arm swing (CMJA). The parameters used to assess the jumping performance were flight time (FT, ms), FT normalized to body mass (FTbm, ms/kg), estimated elastic component (EC) and arm participation (AP). In SJ, the overload with respect to body mass had a negative impact on reliability in all of the subgroups that were analysed. When overloads were above 50% of body mass in SJ, reliability was poor. Therefore, overloads should not be used with sedentary young females. Gymnasts carry out a large number of jumps from very young ages, which may...
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This paper is intended to highlight the biomechanical characteristics of double back somersault on floor at the level of junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15. This scientific approach led to the organization of a scientific pedagogical experiment conducted throughout the period of three national competitions in 2012, 2013 and 2014 with a group of 13 junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15, members of the Olympic junior team. The biomechanical analysis has been performed by means of Kinovea and Physics Toolkit programs and the method of movement postural orientation; it pointed out the key elements of sports technique of the double back somersault on floor. The results of the study highlighted the anthropometric and biomechanical indicators necessary for the biomechanical analysis of double back somersault on floor at the level of junior gymnasts aged 12 to 15. The comparative biomechanical analysis of double back somersault showed the influence of the kinematic and dynamic characteristics on the tec...
RELATION BETWEEN VAULT DIFFICULTY VALUES AND BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS IN MEN'S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS
The aim of the paper is to define which biomechanical parameters explain and define the difficulty vault value. The study sample included 64 vaults from the Code of Points (COP) of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG, 2009). The dependent variable included all difficulty values ranging from 2-7.2 points, while the sample of independent variables included 12 biomechanical variables (data was collected from the literature and our measurements). With regression analysis we explained 92.4% of the difficulty vault value. Only three biomechanical variables were predictors: degrees of turns around transversal axis, degrees of turns around longitudinal axis and body's moment of inertia around transversal axis in the second flight phase.
Differences in Mechanical Characteristics of Vertical Jump Between Athletes in Sports Games
Facta universitatis. Series physical education and sport, 2018
The vertical jump is one of the most common ways to evaluate the explosive power of the lower extremities in athletes. For the development of explosive power, plyometric exercises are mostly used as a form of training. The participants were handball players (N=13), volleyball players (N=13) and basketball players (N=13) from city of Nis. They all competed in the highest state competitions. After analyzing all the data, the conclusions are that the mechanical characteristics estimated by the accelerometer are statistically not significantly different in the examined groups of athletes, except in the jump height, and the kinematic characteristics of the vertical jump obtained by the video analysis statistically do not differ significantly, except in the variations of the angular velocity in the hip joint and the ankle.
Journal of Human Kinetics, 2012
The main objective of this paper was to determine the relationship between biomechanical parameters of vault flights with respect to new models of initial vault difficulty values in men’s artistic gymnastic. The study sample included vaults (n=64) and models (n=5) from the 2009 Code of Points (CoP) of the Federation International of Gymnastics (FIG). The dependent variable included all difficulty values ranging from 2-7.2 points, while the sample of independent variables included twelve biomechanical parameters. After implementing the regression analysis, it could be established that the best model derived only the second flight phase with 95% of explained variance.
Biomechanical Assessment of Horizontal Jumps Trainning
ISBS - Conference Proceedings Archive, 2011
A setup for assessing the performance obtained in horizontal jumps has been described. One of the main challenges is to provide meaningful and timely information to elite athletes. This assessment program started in 2007 with some of the best jumpers and combines kinematic and dynamic information. Results obtained allowed to identify the weaknesses and the mechanisms that determine the performance as well as design remarks to provide support to the athletes. Values obtained are in agreement with those described in the literature for elite athletes. The purpose of this work was to develop a programme to assess the strategies adopted by horizontal jumpers during different jump phases to obtain a more effective and efficient performance.
BIOMECHANICAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE VARIATIONS BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE IN LONG JUMP
The purpose of this study is assessment the variations between male and female in long jump and determine the causes that led to the differences between male and female in long jump forimprove the performance. Ten long jump players are high level athletes participated in this study (Five male and five female). They were the elite athletes in Egypt. The long jumps were performed on a two-dimensional analysis, marker position data were obtained by a high-speed camera (JVC GR – DVL 9800) at a frequency of 240 Hz, video point v 2.5 2D motion analysis for Biomechanical parameters, and statistically T-test for independent samples and Change Ratio were used to compare results for male and female. The results of biomechanicalparameters between male andfemale ranged between (0.89% - 34.57%) in favor of male or female, male surpassed in velocity of free leg swing during takeoff phase, Selected a biomechanical parameters group influential in the long jump performance (pre- last stride resultant velocity, last stride resultant velocity, horizontal velocity at touch down, resultant velocity at touch down, resultant velocity of the free leg at touch down, horizontal velocity at takeoff, resultant velocity at takeoff, resultant velocity of the free leg at takeoff, total takeoff time, linear momentum at touch down, kinetic energy at touch down, linear momentum at takeoff, and kinetic energy at takeoff), and confirmed by the strong correlation between these parameters and long jump distance.
Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 2021
The purpose of this study was to determine the contribution of biomechanical analysis technology to improve the assessment of students during certain school sports activities (long jump), this by (1) determining the statistical differences between groups in variables analyzed. (2) revealing the relationship between the kinematical variables analyzed and the digital level & evaluation result. The sample included 32 students in the 1st year of secondary school (16 males, 16 females), two groups for each gender. Group ? working on the use of kinetic analysis in a correction the kinetic performance and evaluated, and group ? is guided by the observation only. The study involved the kinematical analysis of performance during long jumping activity, by using the software; Coach's Eye & MyDartfish Express. The data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 program, the descriptive statistics (mean ± SD, Std. E), the Anova & T-tests for difference statistical between groups, and the P test for the cor...