Effects of Alkali, Salts, and Surfactant on Rheological Behavior of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Solutions † (original) (raw)
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Langmuir, 2011
Complex formation between oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and surfactants has been an important subject of research for both fundamental and application reasons. 1À7 PolymerÀ surfactant mixtures are widely exploited in commonplace formulations to manipulate their performance behaviors. The ternary systems of surfactant, polymer, and water have potential for domestic, industrial, and technological applications, viz., foods, paints, drug delivery, coatings, laundry products, cosmetics, etc. 8,9 In such applications, polymers are mainly used as viscosity modifiers and stabilizers. Oppositely charged polymerÀ micellar aggregates can serve as models for polyionÀcolloid systems. 10 The Coulombic polyionÀcolloid interaction guides the flocculation of inorganic materials important in water purification. 11,12 Although the field is continuously being explored, information on combinations of different kinds is yet not adequate from the standpoint of fundamental understanding and applications.
Combined effects of polymer/surfactant/oil/alkali on physical chemical properties
Desalination, 2005
The combined occurrence of polymers, surfactants and alkali has been an intense area of study for many years and has long been recognized to be important in influencing the properties of mixed systems. In this work, we further examine the effect of two anionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Marlon ARL (MARL) on solutions containing a biopolymer (Xanthan gum) and alkaline (NaOH) by conductivity and interfacial tension (IFT) measurements. Since alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is one of the most promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method and oil/water interfacial tension is one of the most important parameters for chemical EOR, we have applied the optimum ASP (A = 0.7; MARL = 2; P = 0.2) % w/w concentrations to an Algerian crude oil. The results of the measurements showed that the mixure of different compounds has an important effect on the conductivity and interfacial tension, The results also indicate that the synergetic action of the two surfactants SDS and MARL, greatly influenced the conductivity and the interfacial tension of these systems and the crude oil/water system.
Rheology of aqueous solutions of hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides and surfactants
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2007
Hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides (HMPAM) were synthesized by aqueous micellar copolymerization using as hydrophobic monomers n-decylacrylamide and t-octyl-acrylamide. The synthesized polymers contained between 0.5 and 1.5 mol.% of the hydrophobic groups. Shear rheology experiments showed a viscosity enhancement for most copolymers in comparison with the homopolymers due to intermolecular hydrophobic associations, which lead to shear thickening for copolymers with 1 mol.% or more hydrophobic groups. An increase in the ionic strength of the solutions strengthens these hydrophobic associations. The addition of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) produced viscosity increases due to intermolecular bridging caused by the formation of mixed micelles between the hydrophobic groups and the surfactant. Higher surfactant concentrations lead to a viscosity reduction due to electrostatic screening of associations between hydrophobic side groups of different chains. The same behavior was observed in the spherical micelle concentration regime for the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate (CTAT), but at higher surfactant concentrations, entanglements between the copolymers and worm-like micelles lead to further increases in solution viscosity.
Surfactant and its applications: A review
Surfactants are organic compounds with amphipathic character and have great structural diversity. The commercialization of synthetic surfactant has taken place in 20 th century. Surfactants are one of the most widespread chemical of any industry and use everywhere from cloths, foods, detergents, pharmaceutical, and agriculture to modern science. The wide range of applications of surfactants makes its more concern about more and advance research in the next future. This review provides an overview of surfactants classification, structural characteristics and application in the various fields in detail.
Ajaya_surfactant review paper.pdf
Surfactant is being considered as a very demandable molecule in the field of chemistry. This paper reviews most important factors especially the uses of surfactants and their effects on environment. Evaluation of surfactants are based on examining the ability of the surfactant to maintain lower interfacial tension between target contaminant and water, satisfying lower CMCs, and sustaining lower sorption and precipitation to target substrate. Surfactant mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactant are shown to be excellent candidates for robust surfactant cleaners.
Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2008
Interaction between water-soluble polymers and anionic surfactants has been studied by surface tension and conductivity measurements. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) were used as surfactant while polyacrylamide (PAA), commercial grade partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), and xanthan gum were used as water-soluble polymers for the present study. The behavior of surfactant-polymer interaction was found to be dependent on both surfactant and polymer concentrations. After the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), interaction between the water-soluble polymer and surfactants was started and above the polymer saturation point (PSP) polymer was saturated by surfactant with no further change of surface tension and conductivity of the solution. It has also been found that alkali (NaOH) and salts (Na 2 CO 3 , NaCl) have significant influence on the polymer-surfactant interaction.
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2001
The influence of the ionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) on structure and rheology of the lamellar phase of the nonionic surfactant tetraethyleneglycol-monododecyl ether (C 12 E 4 ) at intermediate concentrations was investigated by means of small angle light and neutron scattering (SALS, SANS) and rheometry. The long range orientational order increased with added SDS as expected and the Caillé parameter was obtained from SANS data. The shear viscosity increased when SDS was added. Rheo SALS experiments revealed the shear induced formation of multilamellar vesicles (MLV or 'onions') and the MLV size decreased not only in shear thinning but also in the shear thickening region. The increase in Bragg scattering intensity along the flow direction as observed in the rheo-SANS experiments also revealed the increase in MLV volume fraction in the shear thickening regime. The SANS data further showed a decrease in layer spacing with increasing shear which indicates that water is squeezed out of the vesicles.