В.І. Ткаченко: Пізній палеоліт Закарпаття (пам'ятки оріньякської традиції) / Late Paleolithic of Transcarpathia (monuments Aurignacian tradition) / Pozdní paleolit Zakarpatí (original) (raw)
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2017
New palaeoethnobotanic materials from Tsyrkuny hillfort (Fig. 1) dated to Early Iron Age are introduced to the scholarly circulation. The excavation at the site was carried out by Tsyrkuny archaeological expedition under the direction of K.Y. Pelyashenko (see the article in this volume). The material was obtained in two ways. A mass find of single species of grains that is a barley (Hordeum vulgare) (Fig. 3) comes from two household pits (No 11 and 14; Fig. 2). A filling of five more pits (No 13, 15, 16, 20, 21; see Fig. 2) was investigated using flotation and flushing. Flotation results from pits No 15, 16, 20, 21 do not represent statistical values because of their insignificant quantities. Quantitative indicators (Palaeoethnobotanical quantitative spectrum, PBQS; see Тable, and Fig. 4) were represented only for the completeness of the material, and they were not evaluated. Indicators of Palaeoethnobotanical mass spectrum (PBMS) from the pit No 13 are as follows: more than 1/3 share of grain production presents barley (Hordeum vulgare), emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon) is slightly inferior (to 1/3 share), millet (Panicum miliaceum), and rye (Secale cereale) are presented to 1/5 share (Fig. 5). PBMS obtained cannot yet be considered as final for the entire site because it characterizes only the time of active use of the object. PBMS is mainly represented by the ancient three crops which, moreover, are virtually the only ones in the forest zone of Eastern Europe. A significant difference is the presence of rye in the grain farming. The leguminous plants complete the picture. They are peas (Pisum sativum), and lentil (Lens culinaris), the role of which is difficult to determine, because it is still unclear whether they were field or horticultural crops. Related weeds are presented by typical anthropochores. Cleavers (Galium aparine), and foxtail indefinite to the species level (Setaria sp.). Keywords: Early Iron Age, Tsyrkuny, palaeoethnobotany, charred grains.