Study on the toxicity of phenolic and phenoxy herbicides using the submitochondrial particle assay (original) (raw)
2005, Toxicology in Vitro
A simple and rapid in vitro toxicological assay, utilizing submitochondrial particles (SMP), has been used to evaluate the toxic effects of fifteen herbicides belonging to the phenol and phenoxyalkanoic acid chemical classes.
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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, 1993
A series of nitrophenolic electron transport inhibitors (2-sec-butyl-4-nitro-6-substituted phenols and 2-sec-butyl-4-substituted-6nitrophenols) of rat-liver mitochondrial cytochrome bc~ complex (cyt. bc I complex) was synthesized. To obtain information on the three-dimensional structure of the ubiquinone redox site of cyt. bc 1 complex, the structure-inhibitory activity relationship was examined by regression analysis using physicochemical substituent parameters. The inhibitory activity increased as the hydrophobicity and the electron-withdrawing ability of the 4-and 6-substituents increased. These results indicated that hydrophobic interaction between the inhibitor molecule and the binding domain should be important and that an anionic form of nitrophenols may be the active form at the binding domain. Hydrogen-bond-acceptable 4-substituents such as methoxy and nitro groups, but not cyano group, were favorable to the inhibitory activity. This result, along with the fact that phenolic OH group was essential for the activity, suggested that nitrophenols occupy the ubiquinone redox site by forming two hydrogen-bond bridges as proposed for natural ubiquinone binding. Although a cyano group is hydrogen-bond-acceptable, hydrogen-bond formation between the 4-cyano group and the binding domain was not suggested. This result and molecular orbital calculation studies on electrostatic potential of the inhibitors suggested that hydrogen-bond donating residue may be not located in the region where the rod-like cyano (C~-N) bond directs.
Otrevel et al 2013 molecules-18-10648.pdf
In this study, a series of twenty-five ring-substituted 4-arylamino-7chloroquinolinium chlorides were prepared and characterized. The compounds were tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts and also primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against mycobacterial species. 4-[(2-Bromophenyl)amino]-7-OPEN ACCESS Molecules 2013, 18 10649 chloroquinolinium chloride showed high biological activity against M. marinum, M. kansasii, M. smegmatis and 7-chloro-4-[(2-methylphenyl)amino]quinolinium chloride demonstrated noteworthy biological activity against M. smegmatis and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport by 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides
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Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach chloroplasts by 6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides has been investigated. The PET inhibiting activity of the studied compounds depends on compound lipophilicity, on the position of substituents on the anilide moiety as well as on electron-accepting and electron-donating properties of these substituents. The most active PET inhibitors are m-substituted derivatives; the lowest activity is shown by the o-substituted ones. The most potent PET inhibitor is 6-hydroxy-N-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide (IC 50 = 10.8 µmol/L). Study of chlorophyll a fluorescence in the suspension of spinach chloroplasts in the presence of studied compounds confirms their site of action in PS II, and it can be assumed that the inhibitory site of action of the studied compounds is situated on the acceptor side of PS II at Q B site.
Heterogenous electron transfer of pesticides. Current trends and applications
This review summarizes different aspects of biological activity of pesticides. The redox active groups involved in the electron transfer mechanism of action often participate in a concerted way. Therefore a simple classification is not easy. Surface activity of many compounds contributes significantly to the efficiency of the herbicidic activity. However, adsorption and also the inclusion phenomena may cause undesirable contamination problems. More sofisticated characterization of interfacial properties on basis of monolayer structures and their phase-transitions may avoid contamination problems in the future. Electroanalytical methods are currently used in numerous procedures for the pollution controll. Despite of their specificities they offer a simple and economic solution to analytical laboratories. High selectivity of electrochemical methods increases the popularity of these techniques. An important field of research is the development of new sensors and immunosensors. This ove...
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