“Meeting the Enemy”: The Reception of a Television Interview With a Female Palestinian Terrorist Among Jewish Youth in Israel (original) (raw)

The Effect of Female Suicide Attacks on Foreign Media Framing of Conflicts: The Case of the Palestinian–Israeli Conflict

The study examines the effect of female suicide attacks on foreign media framing of conflicts. Examining the Palestinian–Israeli conflict, 2,731 articles were sampled that covered terrorist events (American, British, and Indian press); 625 appeared in the week following a female's suicide attack, 97 reported an attack by a female perpetrator. The findings suggest that foreign media discourse around female suicide bombers promotes more messages about the society within which the terrorists are embedded. Since the coverage of female terrorists tends to provide more detailed information about the perpetrator, it focuses more on the terror organizations’ side of the conflict's story.

Through the Looking Glass: The Role of Ethnicity and Affiliation in Responses to Terrorism in the Media

Frontiers in Psychology, 2016

This study examined whether attitudinal and emotional responses to broadcasts of images of terrorist events differ according to ethnic group (Jewish and Arab Israelis) and outgroup affiliation during an intense wave of terrorism that occurred in Israel during 2015. Participants were 118 Jewish and 110 Arab-Israelis adults randomly allocated to a terrorism or criminal violence television broadcast. State anxiety, state anger, stereotypes, and negative attitudes toward an adversary were examined prior and subsequent to the media exposure. Findings showed significant increases in anxiety, anger, stereotypes, and negative adversary perceptions in the terrorism exposure group compared to only anxiety increases in the criminal violence exposure. In the terrorism exposure group, Jewish participants showed greater increases in negative adversary perceptions of the Palestinians than Arab Israeli participants, but both groups showed similar significant increases in levels of anxiety and anger. Exposure to broadcasts of terrorism increased willingness to negotiate with the adversary among the Arab participants, but not among the Jewish participants. In the terrorism exposure group, both Jewish and Arab Israelis with high affiliation with the Palestinian cause showed less increases in stereotypes than those with low affiliation. Findings emphasize the role of ethnicity and outgroup affiliation in responses to media exposure to terrorism images.

‘Bad girls’: the use of gendered media frames in the Israeli media's coverage of Israeli female political criminals

The study examined news media coverage of Israeli female political criminals to determine how the media construct and portray women who commit ideological crimes against the state, ultimately to discern what these framing choices suggest about women involved in political crimes. Studies show that the media tend to rely on stereotypical gender frames to portray female criminals and their motivations to the public. These frames depict women perpetrators as motivated to commit political crime for personal reasons as opposed to political reasons, which are often cited for male criminal behavior. The study examined the Israeli news media's use of stereotypical gender news frames when reporting on three Israeli women who committed ideological crimes against the state. The study compared the coverage of these cases among three Israeli newspapers representing different political affinities. As a country with a long history of political conflict, Israel offers a unique opportunity to examine gender bias in the media's coverage of female actors in the public sphere. The study's theoretical contribution lies in its analysis of Israeli female political criminals who, by definition of their crime, acted within the political sphere. The study confirms previous research on the subject -mainly that the media rely on gender frames and explanations of personal motive in its portrayals of female criminals.

The Palestinian Issue in the Media Discourses of Terrorist Organizations

POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL

This article examines the extent to which the Palestinian issue is exploited to promote cross-border terrorist movements. The analytical descriptive approach is employed to explore the evolution of the terrorist organizations, and trace the ideology, means, and content of their media discourse. The article reveals that the extremist groups utilized the value, sanctity, and nobility of the Palestinian issue to influence Arab and Islamic societies in an attempt to give legitimacy and credibility to their presence, media discourse, and terrorist acts; disseminate their extremist ideologies; rally support and recruit new elements, and emotionally influence the public perception. The article also concluded that these terrorist organizations refrained from targeting the Israeli occupation and opposed the Palestinian national narrative about the national and political nature of the Palestinian struggle.

The Giver of Life and the Griever of Death: Women in the Israeli TV Coverage of the Second Lebanon War (2006

Communication, Culture & Critique, 2010

This article discusses gender aspects of the journalistic coverage of the Second Lebanon War by Israeli TV. The findings reveal that, in the social reality presented in the TV news during the war, women were relegated to the periphery by a complex process of exclusionary representation. Three primary subprocesses produced this exclusionary representation of women: concealing, transparency, and constructing women's presence and gendered images. This representation framed the war as “men's business,” and unjustly legitimizes as well as normalizes their marginal position in the context of the Israeli–Arab conflict. An analysis of the symbolic reality devised by the media exposes the gender and ethnic components of Israel's inclusion (and exclusion) regime.El Dador de la Vida y el Deudo de la Muerte: La Cobertura de las Mujeres en la Segunda Guerra del Líbano en la Televisión Israelí (2006)Hagar LahavResumenEste artículo discute los aspectos de género de la cobertura periodística de la segunda guerra del Líbano en la TV Israelí. Los hallazgos revelan que en la realidad social presentada en la noticias de TV durante la guerra, las mujeres fueron relegadas a la periferia por un proceso complejo de representación excluyente. Tres sub-procesos primarios produjeron esta representación excluyente de las mujeres: el ocultamiento, la transparencia, y la construcción de la presencia de las mujeres y las imágenes de género. Esta representación enmarca a la guerra como “un asunto de hombres,” e injustamente legitimiza así como también normaliza su posición marginal en el contexto del conflicto Israelí–Árabe. Un análisis de la realidad simbólica concebida por los medios expone a los componentes de género y étnicos de la inclusión (y la exclusión) del régimen Israelí.Celles qui donnent la vie et pleurent la mort : les femmes dans la couverture télévisée israélienne de la deuxième guerre du Liban (2006)Hagar LahavCet article traite des aspects genrés de la couverture journalistique de la deuxième guerre du Liban par la télévision israélienne. Les résultats révèlent que dans la réalité sociale présentée aux nouvelles télévisées pendant la guerre, les femmes étaient reléguées à la périphérie par un processus complexe de représentations excluantes. Trois sous-processus principaux ont produit cette représentation excluant les femmes : la dissimulation, la transparence et la construction de la présence des femmes et des images genrées. Cette représentation a cadré la guerre comme étant l’affaire des hommes et légitimise injustement en plus de normaliser la position marginale des femmes dans le contexte du conflit israélo-arabe. Une analyse de la réalité symbolique conçue par les médias révèle les éléments de genre et d’ethnicité du régime d’inclusion (et d’exclusion) d’Israël.Lebensspender und Betrauerer des Todes: Frauen in der israelischen TV-Berichterstattung zum zweiten Libanonkrieg (2006)Hagar LahavDieser Artikel diskutiert Geschlechtsaspekte in der journalistischen Berichterstattung zum zweiten Libanonkrieg im israelischen Fernsehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen in der sozialen Realität der TV-Nachrichten während des Krieges durch einen komplexen Prozess ausgrenzender Repräsentation an die Peripherie verdrängt wurden. Drei primäre Unterprozesse führten zu dieser ausgrenzenden Repräsentation von Frauen: Verschleiern, Transparenz und die Konstruktion der Präsenz der Frau und geschlechtsspezifische Bilder. Diese Repräsentation rahmte den Krieg als ,,männliches Geschäft“ und legitimierte und normalisierte unberechtigterweise ihre marginale Position im Kontext des israelisch-arabischen Konflikts. Eine Analyse der symbolischen Realität der Medien zeigt die ethnische und Geschlechterkomponente der israelischen Herrschaft der Inklusion (und Exklusion).

Men and Boys: Representations of Israeli Combat Soldiers in the Media

Israel Studies Review, 2015

In this article we examine the representation of combat soldiers in Israel through their media image. Using two major national Israeli newspapers, we follow the presentation of the Israeli combat soldier over three decades. Our findings indicate that the combat soldier begins as a hegemonic masculine figure in the 1980s, shifts to a more vulnerable, frightened child in the 1990s, and attains a more complex framing in the 2000s. While this most recent representation returns to a hegemonic masculine one, it includes additional, 'softer' components. We find that the transformation in the image of the Israeli soldier reflects changes within Israeli society in general during the period covered and is also indicative of global changes in masculinity to a certain extent. We conclude by analyzing two possible explanations: the perception of the threat and changes in the perception of masculine identity.

The Presence of Palestinian Women in Modern Media

Humanities and Social Sciences, 2023

This paper examines "the presence of Palestinian women in the modern media", and this presence is represented in two aspects; the first, in which the woman is the media, and the second, the woman as portrayed by the media. The paper poses main questions: about the extent of the active presence of Palestinian women in the modern media, and if the Palestinian female in the field of media is a decision-maker, another question is how does the work of the Palestinian media affect basic and important women's issues such as education and work and respect for their rights, humanity and dignity, the last question is about the image of women in the Palestinian media. The research followed the descriptive and analytical approach, and reached a number of the most important results: the stereotype of women is still dominant in the Palestinian media, and the Palestinian woman is still far from the real decision-making positions that influence the development and empowerment of women in Palestinian society, and their ability to raise their important and fundamental issues Boldly and consciously. Finally, the paper presented a number of recommendations and proposals, the most important of which are the need for women to reach decision-making centers in the media and communication sectors to counter the prevailing stereotypes about women and the clear discrimination against them, and opening a wider field for women to reach and express themselves through the media, the last recommendation is using the media as a force capable of defending women's rights and the importance of their participation in the development and development of society while maintaining the freedom of the press and expression.

The Use of Media to Incite Violence: A Case Study on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Traditionally, Israel has been known as a country operating under military censorship however, in recent years, reports such as the 2018 Freedom House Report have claimed that the Israeli media sector as a whole is vibrant and free to criticize government policy. This research evaluates this argument and through a critical analysis of the shift from traditional to digital media within Israeli society, explains the link between censorship, mass media and violence within intractable conflicts. This research argues that through the mechanism of censorship perpetuated within society the government of Israel has successfully managed to shape a nationalist narrative that often encourages violence against the “out group”–Israeli Arabs and Palestinian Arabs. Additionally, this research demonstrates how underrepresentation of an out group within journalist demographics leads to a negative representation of the out group within the mass media and increases violence. Ultimately, the controversial relationship between the state and the media in Israel is inherently related to censorship and has been perpetuated despite the shift towards digital media. This phenomenon has led to an increase in violence between Israelis and Palestinians and contributes to the continuation of the conflict to this day.

Narratives used to portray in-group terrorists: A comparative analysis of the Israeli and Norwegian press

Studies of US and UK media reveal that the press adheres to a dichotomous religion-based us/ them worldview that portrays Muslims as terrorists but 'repairs' the image of Jews and Christians as criminals, creating concerns that the Western media promotes a clash-of-civilizations thinking pattern. To examine whether this pattern is representative of other Western democracies, the authors analyzed Israeli press coverage of Jewish settlers' attacks against Palestinians (N = 134) and Norwegian press coverage of Anders Breivik's 2011 attacks (N = 223). Content analysis reveals that the Israeli and Norwegian media labeled all the perpetrators 'terrorists', the attacks 'terror', and the motivation as 'ideology' rather than solely mental. The perpetrators -all subscribing to right-wing ideology -were not vindicated despite being Jewish or Christian. Beyond weakening the clash-of-civilizations notion that terrorism discourse in the West is necessarily religionrelated, the findings highlight that the US press was ironically more eager than the Israeli media to 'repair' the image of Jewish perpetrators. The authors discuss the implications of our findings and suggest directions for future studies of biases in terrorism discourse.