Direct conversion of triglycerides to olefins and paraffins over noble metal supported catalysts (original) (raw)
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Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2010
Catalytic deoxygenation of triglycerides and related feedstocks for production of biofuels is reviewed in this paper. Green diesel, triglyceride-based hydrocarbons in diesel boiling range, is an attractive alternative to biodiesel—a product of transesterification of vegetable oils, particularly due to its superior fuel properties and full compatibility with current diesel fuels. Two basic approaches to production of green diesel—(i) hydrodeoxygenation of triglycerides and related compounds over metal sulfide catalysts and (ii) deoxygenation over supported noble metal catalysts are thoroughly discussed from the point of view of reaction conditions, catalyst composition and reaction pathways and products. Furthermore, catalytic cracking of triglycerides and related feedstocks over microporous and mesoporous catalysts is reviewed as well. It constitutes an interesting alternative to deoxygenation using hydrotreating and noble metal catalysts as it does not consume hydrogen. It provides a wide spectrum of products reaching from olefins to green gasoline and diesel.
Catalytic Hydrotreating of Triglycerides for the Production of Bioparaffin Mixture
Chemical engineering transactions, 2010
The aim of our experiments was to investigate the applicability of an expediently modified NiMoW/Al2O3 catalyst for the conversion of specially pretreated Hungarian sunflower oil with high oleic acid (>90%) content which was ennobled for our experiments to produce motor fuels. The changes of the specific hydrocracking activity of the applied catalyst, the pathways of hydrodeoxygenation reactions and the effect of the process parameters on the yield and on the quality of the products were also investigated. It was concluded that on the investigated modified NiMoW/Al2O3 catalyst products with high (>70%) paraffin content (T = 340-360 °C, p = 20-40 bar, LHSV = 1.0-1.5 h -1 , H2/sunflower oil volume ratio: 600 Nm 3 /m 3 ) could be produced. In case of every investigated process parameter the C17and C18paraffins were formed, i.e. on the applied catalyst both the HDO and the decarboxylation/decarbonylation (DECARB) reactions took place as a function of the process parameters. The ga...
Energy & Environment, 2009
Lipid fraction of biomass has been identified as carbon neutral substitution to fuels from fossil sources in the transportation sector. Although, the diesel engine, invented by Rudolph Diesel over a century ago first ran on peanut oil, the current combustion engines are designed to run on hydrocarbon fuels derived from petroleum. Therefore, a substitute for diesel fuel from renewable source will need to have identical or closely similar properties. The most popular of the existing technology for processing vegetable or animal oils is based on the conversion of the triglycerides constituents to fatty acids methyl esters (FAME). FAME technology does not produce diesel fuel with identical properties as petro-diesel. Other alternative processing routes are dilution of the vegetable oils, emulsification, pyrolysis and hydrotreating. These routes are discussed in this paper. Appropriate technologies for small scale production of diesel range hydrocarbon fuel from vegetable oil without the...
Molecules
SiO2-SO3H, with a surface area of 115 m2·g−1, pore volumes of 0.38 cm3·g−1 and 1.32 mmol H+/g, was used as a transesterification catalyst. Triglycerides of waste cooking oil reacted with methanol in refluxing toluene to yield mixtures of diglycerides, monoglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 20% (w/w) catalyst/oil using the hydrophilic sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H) catalyst alone or with the addition of 10% (w/w) co-catalyst/oil [(Bun4N)(BF4) or Aliquat 336]. The addition of the ammonium salts to the catalyst lead to a decrease in the amounts of diglycerides in the products, but the concentrations of monoglycerides increased. Mixtures of (Bun4N)(BF4)/catalyst were superior to catalyst alone or Aliquat 336/catalyst for promoting the production of mixtures with high concentrations of FAMEs. The same experiments were repeated using DMSO as the solvent. The use of the more polar solvent resulted in excellent conversion of the triglycerides to FAME esters wi...
Triglycerides of waste cooking oil reacted with methanol in refluxing toluene to yield mixtures of diglycerides, monoglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 20% (w/w) catalyst/oil using the hydrophilic sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H) catalyst alone or with the addition of 10% (w/w) co-catalyst/oil [(Bun4N)](BF4) or Aliquat 336]. The addition of the ammonium salts to the catalyst lead to a decrease in the amounts of diglycerides in the products, but the concentrations of monoglycerides increased. Mixtures of [(Bun4N)](BF4)/catalyst were superior to catalyst alone or Aliquat 336/catalyst for promoting the production of mixtures with high concentrations of FAMEs. The same experiments were repeated using DMSO as the solvent. The use of the more polar solvent resulted in excellent conversion of the triglycerides to FAME esters with all three-catalyst media. A simplified mechanism is presented to account for the experimental results.