Household Energy Consumption Pattern in Rural Areas of Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Household Biomass Fuel Consumption Pattern in Rural Areas of Bangladesh
Journal of Energy Research and Reviews
Biomass fuels contribute to the largest share of the energy uses in Bangladesh. The present study determines the household biomass fuel consumption pattern in the rural areas of Titas Upazila under Comilla district in Bangladesh using the stratified random sampling technique through semi-structured questionnaires. Data were collected from 84 households under three household land categories – poor (land area <0.10 acre), middle (land area 0.10-0.25acre) and well-off household (land area >0.25 acre). Households were found to depend largely on biomass fuel including firewood, branches, leaves and twigs, bamboo, agricultural residue (rice husk, rice straw) and cow dung mainly for cooking. Firewood was the dominant biomass fuel for well-off and middle households (28% and 25%) and branches of the tree were dominant fuel for poor households (24%). More than 40% well-off households collect major amount of fuelwood from their own homestead forests while 32% middle and 37% poor househo...
SN Applied Science, 2023
In developing countries, rural households instinctively burn huge amounts of biomass fuel, which has become a concern at present. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the consumption pattern of biomass fuel in relation to socioeconomic factors in rural households in the three upazilas (subdistricts) in Khulna district of Bangladesh. The consumption pattern of biomass fuel was assessed by multistage random sampling techniques with a semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that households incorporate a variety of fuel sources, of which 97% use various types of biomass fuel, e.g., firewood, leaves and twigs, coconut shell and coir, crop residues, cow dung, etc. The average monthly household biomass fuel consumption was 193 kg, with a monthly expenditure of 5.86 USD. The largest share of biomass fuel was derived from firewood, which amounted to 105 kg per month. The middle income group and Kacha (clay) type households consume more biomass than other types of households. The major sources of biomass fuel were found in their home gardens and agricultural lands. These biomass fuels are mainly used for domestic cooking, and most of the households in the study area used general stoves. Among commonly available species, ten firewood species were identified as the most preferred by the majority of households in the study area. Insights from our research may be utilized to promote accessibility to clean energy for households in Bangladesh and other countries alike. Article Highlights 1. Biomass is the main sources of energy at the rural household level. 2. Medium income households use more biomass than poor and rich households. 3. The study recommends a directive to enhance improved cooking stoves and clean energy services.
Preference and consumption pattern of biomass fuel in some disregarded villages of Bangladesh
Consumer's preference and consumption pattern of biomass fuel, fuel types and energy use category has been studied in the disregarded villages of Bangladesh. The study was conducted both in the inland and island areas. Biomass energy in the study atea was used in domestic cooking, tea stalls, brickfields, bakeries, paddy parboiling and pottery. Assessment of consumption in domestic cooking was done by means of multistage random sampling and that in the tea stalls, brickfields, bakeries, paddy parboiling and pottery by means of complete enumeration of the sampling unit. Based on the homestead size respondents were categorized into small, medium and large and a total of 60 homesteads (30 from inland and another 30 from island areas), 20 from each category were s€lected randomly for the study. The study revealed that natural gas was quite absent and stems, branches and twigs, leaves of trees, agricultural residues, shell and coir of coconut, saw dust, brush wood, rhizomes ofbamboo, and cowdung were the biomass fuel used by the respondent. Nine fuelwood species were identified as the most preferred in the study area. Consumption pattern was mostly traditional. Each year preceding the rainy season cyclonic action damages a large quantity of biomass energy sources. Though at the initial stage ofrainy season (April-May) there remain a more or less good collection of fuelwood to the user as the byproduct of cyclones and storms, the last part of the rainy season (July-August) was identified as the fuel shortage period.
Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 2020
Biomass fuel is the most important form of renewable energy in many parts of the world including Bangladesh. Its extraction is considered as a leading cause of forest degradation of developing countries like Bangladesh. Its consumption, collection and preference patterns are thus very important indicators of overexploitation of forest. On the other hand, forests are meager in mainly northern region of Bangladesh. Reliable data and information are scanty on biomass fuel in Bangladesh, particularly in formulating its proper management plan. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative study on the aforesaid patterns in forest and non-forest areas of northern region of Bangladesh. The study was carried out by adaptive multistage random sampling technique. A total of 90 households (45 from forest area, 45 from non-forest area) were selected randomly and based on the monthly income the households were categorized into rich, medium, poor groups. The consumption of biomass fuel was found to be differed significantly between forest (2.10 kg/capita/day) and non-forest (1.71 kg/capita/day) area. Forest, market, agriculture, homestead and roadside plantation were identified as sources of biomass fuel, and the contribution of each sources varied significantly between the areas except market. In forest area, maximum amount of biomass fuel was collected from nearby forests (44%) and poor households collected 78% of biomass fuels from the same sources. In non-forest area, roadside plantation (31%) and homesteads (24%) were the major sources of biomass fuel, and poor households collected biomass fuel mainly from roadside plantations (75%). Stems, branches, leaves, agricultural residues and cow dung were used as biomass fuel in both areas but the consumption of each biomass fuel types varied significantly except leaves. Women were identified as major biomass fuel collector and most of the biomass fuel was found to be collected during morning to noon in both areas. Most commonly used fuelwood species was Shorea robusta in forest area and Eucalyptus camaldulensis in non-forest area. The findings of this study will help policymakers to take steps in halting deforestation as well as meeting the villager's needs for biomass fuel.
Biomass fuel use by the rural households in Chittagong region, Bangladesh
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2003
An exploratory survey was carried out to assess biomass fuel use by the rural households in the Chittagong region, Bangladesh. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted to perform the study. Based on the monthly income, respondents were categorized into rich, medium and poor and a total of 45 homesteads, 15 from each category were selected randomly for the study. The study revealed that stems, branches, leaves of trees and agricultural residues were the biomass fuel used by the respondents. Market, homestead, agricultural ÿeld, secondary forests/plantation were the sources of biomass fuel identiÿed. Male and female were identiÿed as the major collectors of fuelwood from the nearby forests/plantations and homesteads, respectively. Six fuelwood species were identiÿed as the most preferred in the study area. The study identiÿed the rainy season as the woodfuel shortage period spanning between May and August. ?
Domestic use of biomass fuel in the rural Meghna floodplain areas of Bangladesh
Iforest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 2010
Rural households in the developing countries constitute the largest share of the biomass fuel consumption. It is also a major source of energy in the low income country. However, this energy consumption pattern varies from region to region. Different case studies on the biomass fuel consumption will certainly contribute to the understanding on the energy uses of a nation. The present study was conducted in the rural areas of the Meghna floodplain zone in Bangladesh, with a total of 80 sampled households, using the stratified random sampling technique through the semi-structured questionnaires from November 2008 through February 2009. Firewood, cowdung, leaves and twigs, branches, rice straw and rice husk were used as the biomass fuels mainly for the cooking purpose. Leaves and twigs were found as the dominant biomass fuel as 187 ± 25.69 (SE) kg month-1 household-1. The major source of biomass fuel collection was identified as the own homestead and agricultural lands, 74%. The households spent 14.56 ± 8.94 US$ month-1 household-1 for biomass fuels. The ratio of the total energy expenditure to the total income of the household was around 11%. But, the ratio of the biomass expenditure to the total energy expenditure of the households was 68%. Monthly income, land ownership and family size were found significantly influencing to the biomass energy expenditure. The study will be useful for the policy makers in the renewable energy, forestry and agriculture sector in Bangladesh.
This study explored the availability and consumption pattern of various traditional biomass fuels, preference of and expenditure for biomass fuels, problems with the uses of biomass fuels and villagers' strategy to cope with the biomass fuel problems. Data were collected from 330 households under three wealth categorieswell-off, middle and poor households. Households were found to depend largely on biomass fuel including firewood, branches, leaves and twigs, bamboo, straw, husk and cow dung mainly for cooking. Firewood was the dominant biomass fuel of well-off households (43%) whereas middle (37%) and poor households (35%) used tree branches. Total biomass, firewood and cow dung consumption by well-off households was significantly higher than that of middle and poor households. More than 60% well-off households and 44% households of middle category collect tree biomass from their own homestead forests while 59% of poor households gather from neighbour's homestead forests. Villagers preferred Albizia saman, Acacia auriculiformis, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Swietenia mahagoni and Albizia procera as fuel wood tree species. Households across three categories spend 8%, 13% and 16% of their total income for buying biomass fuels, respectively. Decreasing forest resources impose threats on availability of biomass fuels. Although 27% well-off households were using improved cooking stoves (ICS), mass motivation and subsidized ICS can increase their uses. Along with reforestation programs government may take initiative for trading carbon offsets from ICS programs on carbon markets as part of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
Energy, Sustainability and Society, 2013
Background: Biomass fuel is the main source of rural household energy in many developing countries in South and Southeast Asia. This paper examines the preference and attitude towards biomass fuels of consumers living in rural areas of Bangladesh. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data of 240 households from four upazilas located in four distinct agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Different inferential statistical tests were carried out to analyze the information.
International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
With the progress of rapid population growth, the energy demand in Bangladesh has been increasing rapidly over the years, so the main objective of the study is to know the monthly and yearly energy consumption and energy consumption price (Bio-fuel) in the rural areas of Dhaka Division. To achieve the objectives and scope of work of this study, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. In carrying out this study, data regarding the environment, challenges, and potential recommendations have been collected from several primary and secondary sources. To collect the primary data, a survey and key informant interviews (KIIs) using semi-structured questionnaires have been carried out on household fuel stakeholders to the rural areas in Bangladesh. To furnish the objectives, primary data on the five key peer district-Dhaka, Narayangonj, Gazipur, Munshiganj and Narsingdi-have been sourced from field data. Based on the secondary data and literature review of some several policy/regulatory and market-related challenges and barriers to bio-fuel are identified in this research. The main findings of the study are as follows-(i) Most rural households still depend on biofuels for cooking and heating. Bio-fuels are: degraded vegetation and forest reserves and agricultural residues. (ii) The smart and clean energy like LPG and electricity though present have limited use by the rural households due to high price and supply and availability of accessories. (iii) Household fuel in rural areas is a critical problem for the rural poor is that teenage boys and girls are engaged in harvesting bio-fuels from nature, hampering their education. (iv) The use of obnoxious materials as fuel is causing health and environmental damage which is causing respiratory diseases among the older and children of the family due to reasons unknown to the users. (v) Due to weak financial capacity of the households, they are deprived of access to modern smart and clean energy. (vi) In most cases housewife's have to bear all the burden of managing fuel for cooking neglecting the health and safety of children. The results of the study show that 82% of households use bio-fuels as their main source of energy, which accounts for an annual energy consumption of 4.68 MTOE in Dhaka Division and a value of $1.435 billion. Also alternative source of energy such as castor, karanja, pithraj, mahua, jatropha, neem seed, rubber seed etc. have huge potential to be sustainable source of energy to be explored.
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
In this paper an attempt has been made to assess the consumption pattern of biomass fuel and estimation of organic carbon of those biomass fuels from the rural households in the Khulna region of Bangladesh. The consumption pattern of biomass fuel was assessed by Multistage Random Sampling techniques with semi-structured questionnaire. The study revealed that households consume different energy sources of which 97% households used various types of biomass fuel e.g. rewood, leaves, twigs and cow dung etc. Average monthly household biomass fuel consumption was 193 kg and average monthly expenditure is 5.86 (US$). The largest share of biomass fuel derived from rewood, which was amounted 105 kg per month. The major sources of biomass fuel were found in their home gardens and agricultural lands. These biomass fuels are mainly used for domestic cooking in the study area. Ten rewood species were identi ed as the most preferred for the most households in the study area. The organic carbon from the preferred biomasses was estimated by dry combustion method. Signi cantly higher organic carbon was found from wood biomass like A. procera and A. richardiana, while the lowest organic carbon was found in C. nucifera. In case of leaves biomass, signi cantly higher organic carbon was found in A. saman and B. abellifer and lower from M. indica and Z. mauritiana. Besides wood and leaves biomass, the organic carbon from rice husk, rice straw and cow dung were also estimated, which are also used as low cost fuel in the rural households.