Abu Ghâlib, an Early Middle Kingdom Town in the Western Nile Delta, MDAIK 58 (2002), 29-61 (original) (raw)
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Archaeologia Polona, 2020
Current work on the PalaeoAffad Project allows us to contribute greatly to the legacy of prehistoric research in the Middle Nile Valley. This paper presents the state of research on Late Pleistocene settlement on both banks of the river. Based on absolute dates obtained in the Affad Basin (since MIS5 up to the 5th millennium BP), the prehistory of the area has become an important reference point for general NE-African studies. We were able to investigate most of the Palaeolithic sites there before the landscape was totally changed by the industrial farms in areas that had been inaccessible for traditional agriculture up to now.
Kom el-Hisn: Excavation of an Old Kingdom Settlement in the Egyptian Delta
Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 1988
We owe a great debt to our Egyptian colleagues in the field, Ms. Samiha Noshy, Mr. Ahmed Mahmoud el-Nashar, and Mr. Osaama el-Sayed el-Katafany. We thank Dr. William Coulson, codirector of the Naukratis Archaeological Project, who kindly invited us to investigate Kom el-Hisn, which lies in the concession of the Naukratis Project (see W. Coulson and A. Leonard, Jr., Cities of the Delta, I. Naukratis, [Malibu, 1981]). Dr. Richard Verdery, former director of the Cairo office of the American Research Center in Egypt, and Dr. Robert Betts, current director of ARCE Cairo, were both extremely helpful in arranging our fieldwork. We greatly appreciate the efforts of our colleagues in the 1984 and 1986 field seasons, Dr.
The northeastern part of the Nile Delta during the Naqada III Period
[in:] M.D. Adams (ed.), B. Midant-Reynes, E.M. Ryan, Y. Tristant Y. (coll.), Egypt At Its Origins 4. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference “Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, New York, 26th – 30th July 2011, (OLA 252), Leuven – Paris – Bristol, CT 2016: 63-76, 2016
Recent research in the Nile Delta has demonstrated that its northeastern part especially was quite densely populated during the Naqada III period. The settlements that existed then had great significance both in developing contacts between Egypt and Canaan as well as in the process of state formation in Egypt. In addition to sites such as Tell el-Farkha and Tell el-Iswid (South), Predynastic–Early Dynastic occupation has also been confirmed at Tell el-Murra, Tell Abu el-Halyat, Tell Akhdar, Tell Gez. el-Faras, and Minshat Radwan, visited during the Polish Archaeological Survey in Ash-Sharqiyyah Governorate. This work has significantly increased the amount of data available for comparisons between materials found at these sites (especially Tell el-Murra where the excavations are presently conducted) and Tell el-Farkha, as well as Minshat Abu Omar. While similarities can be observed, some differences can also be noted. Of especially great importance are finds from Tell el-Farkha. Excavation there revealed many important objects, among them several dated to the period before the traditional date of unification, and comparable in character to objects coming from southern Egypt. These include, among others, pottery jars with royal names from graves dated both to the Protodynastic and Early Dynastic periods. The occurrence of two jars, each with a different serekh, found in the same grave dated to Naqada IIIB – probably at its beginning and prior to Iry-Hor – is especially worth noting. One of these serekhs contain two ḥḏ-like signs incised instead of the palace-façade in the lower compartment, and the second contains what is probably a n’r-sign in the name compartment. The occurrence of jars with the name of Iry-Hor in later graves is also worth noting, as previously known objects with his name derived mostly from Abydos and in one case from Zawiyet el-Aryan. Moreover, the name of Narmer was also attested on pottery from a grave of the same chronological group as those with Iry-Hor. These finds together raise the question of the importance of Iry-Hor’s reign to the process of the incorporation of the Nile Delta (at least its northeastern part), as well as the possibility of the existence of local rulers who reigned here just before the final stage of unification.