Searching the Staphylococcal Superantigens: Enterotoxins A, B, C, and TSST1 in Synovial Fluid of Cases With Negative Culture Inflammatory Arthritis (original) (raw)
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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Detection from Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients' Blood and Synovial Fluid
Electronic physician, 2016
Direct detection of microbial super antigens in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis may be able to guide to the design of cost-effective therapies. The purpose of this study was to assess the existence of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (superantigen A) in the synovial fluid of patients with RA by the PCR and ELISA methods. This experimental study was conducted on the synovial fluid of 103 RA patients from Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences' Rheumatology Clinic in Tehran, Iran in 2011-2014. Bacterial cultures, polymerase chain reaction with specific primer pairs and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were used. The PCR products were subjected to sequence as a confirmatory molecular method results. The data were descriptively analyzed by SPSS Version 19. The bacteriological study result indicated that, in four cases (3.8%) of the patients, bacterial strains were isolated. The result of PCR molecular method for staphylococcal enterotoxin A gen...
Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2013
Background An accurate and prompt diagnosis of bacterial arthritis is essential for earlier treatment and a good outcome. Superantigens produced by Staph. Aureus are among the most lethal toxins. The paper objective was Identification of common bacterial antigens and S.aureus superantigens in synovial fluid (SF) of children with negative culture and direct smear for other bacteria except for S.aureus. Methods In this cross-sectional study a total of 62 patients with a mean age of 11 ± 3.8 years (range: 5 months-16 years) with acute arthritis in pediatric and orthopedic wards of Rasoul Hospital (2008-2010) were studied. Three common bacterial antigens (e.g. S.pneumonia, H.influenza, N. meningitis) using LPA (latex particle antigen) and Staphylococcal superantigens (TSST1; Enterotoxin A; B; C) using ELISA method (ABcam; USA) were identified in 60 adequate SF samples with negative culture and negative direct smears) for other bacteria except for S.aureus. Staphylococcal superantigens w...
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2015
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease. The staphylococcal superantigens are considered as the causative agent of RA disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin D in synovial fluid and blood of patients with RA. Patients and Methods: A total of 120 blood and SF samples of patients with RA were studied. Bacterial culture, primer pairs design, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods have been used to assess of the staphylococcal enterotoxin D. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: During this study and after sequential subcultures, only 5 bacterial strains were isolated. The results of PCR showed the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin D gene in almost 50% of SF and also in 48.4% of blood samples of patients with RA. Similarly, the ELISA method detected staphylococcal enterotoxin D in 36.16% of SF and in 33.33% of blood of patients with RA. Conclusions: The result of this study showed that a high percentage of patients with RA have shown staphylococcal enterotoxin D (superantigen D) or entD gene in SF and in blood. However, the origin of this superantigen was not clarified and no Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin D producer was isolated. This finding indicates other role of this superantigen besides its intoxication. Therefore, staphylococcal enterotoxin D as a biomarker may provide a good model for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RA.
Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C in Synovial Fluid of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 2014
In the previous studies using the commercial ELISA kit, the existence of staphylococcal superantigens has been reported in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: This study aimed to design molecular methods to detect staphylococcal enterotoxin C in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, Staphylococcus aureus strain producing enterotoxin C was used as the reference strain. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was set up by design a specific pair of primers. Besides bacterial culture, 50 synovial fluid samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were subjected to DNA extraction, and then PCR amplification was carried out according to the protocol. All samples were examined by ELISA method for enterotoxin C. The data were descriptively analyzed.
International Journal of Infection
Background: The role of Staphylococcal enterotoxin E (Superantigen E) in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis has been considered. This paper aimed at determining Staphylococcal enterotoxin E in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: In this study, 100 synovial fluid samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined. The primers pairs were designed based on the S. baureus enterotoxin type E (entE) gene, GenBank: M21319.1. All samples were subjected to DNA extraction separately. Then, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was implemented. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: The PCR results indicated that Staphylococcal enterotoxin E gene existed in synovial fluid samples of 25% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with a high percentage. Conclusions: The study results revealed that a high percentage of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have Staphylococcal enterotoxin type E gene in their synovial fluid. However, further studies are needed to assess other Staphylococcal enterotoxins. This finding may provide a model for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis disease. The results of this study have presented some evidence regarding endogenous origin of involved superantigen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2015
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. In this regard, the role of bacterial superantigens (as an effective agent) were considered. Objectives: This study aimed to assess staphylococcal enterotoxin E in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Patients and Methods: A total of 83 blood samples of patients with RA were studied. All of patient's blood samples have been cultured. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA methods have been used to assess the existence of staphylococcal enterotoxin E (entE). The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: During this study and after sequential sub cultures, only 5 bacterial strains were isolated. Based on the results of biochemical tests, just one case was detected as Staphylococcus aureus. The result of molecular diagnosis of enterotoxin E gene was 13.25%. The results of ELISA were 40.96% positive for staphylococcal enterotoxin E. Conclusions: In this study, staphylococcal enterotoxin E (superantigen E) was detected in the blood of patients with RA, but its origin is unknown, because no staphylococcus enterotoxin E producer was isolated. This finding could provide a good model for the diagnosis and treatment of RA. However, the results of this study have shown some evidence regarding endogenous origin of involved superantigens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
1999
Septic arthritis is a common and feared complication of staphylococcal infections. Staphylococcus aureus produces a number of potential virulence factors including certain adhesins and enterotoxins. In this study we have assessed the roles of cytolytic toxins in the development of septic arthritis by inoculating mice with S. aureus wild-type strain 8325-4 or isogenic mutants differing in the expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-toxin production patterns. Mice inoculated with either an alpha-or beta-toxin mutant showed degrees of inflammation, joint damage, and weight decrease similar to wild-type-inoculated mice. In contrast, mice inoculated with either double (alpha-and gamma-toxin-deficient)-or triple (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-toxin-deficient)mutant S. aureus strains showed lower frequency and severity of arthritis, measured both clinically and histologically, than mice inoculated with the wild-type strain. We conclude that simultaneous production of alpha-and gamma-toxin is a virulence factor in S. aureus arthritis.
Microbiologia Medica, 2017
Background and aims: Staphylococcus aureus is known as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens, which may lead to several infections. The aim of this study was determining the enterotoxins A, C, and TSST-1 and molecular characterization of S. aureus strains with PFGE and MLST typing methods. Materials and methods: In the present study during the sixmonths sampling, fifty S. aureus strains were isolated from patients admitted to Al-Zahra university hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Multiplex PCR for detection of enterotoxin A, C and TSST-1, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used for molecular typing. Results: In antibiogram the highest and lowest percentage of resistance was belonged to tetracycline and rifampin respectively. Multiplex PCR indicated that 30% of the strains harbored sea and 34% harbored sec genes. However, only 4% of our collected isolates had tsst gene. In PFGE method analysis on all S. aureus strai...