Morphological variations of the lungs: a study conducted on Indian cadavers (original) (raw)
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Morphological Variations of the Lung: A Cadaveric Study in Mumbai Population
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2017
The lungs are vital organs of respiration and are situated in the thoracic cavity on either side of the mediastinum. The lungs are divided by fissures into lobes which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another during respiration. The arrangement of lung tissue into lobes helps in uniform expansion of the whole lung in inspiration. As a medical specialist detailed knowledge of anatomical variations in lung is important. Materials and Methods: We studied the variations of fissures, lobes and hilar structures in 25 right and 25 left isolated lungs from the anatomy dissection hall at LTMMC &GH,
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2022
Objectives: In the present study, different morphological and morphometric features of adult human cadaveric right lungs were observed and noted on the predesigned pro forma. Not much of such measurements have been done in the past. The mean values and standard deviations are calculated. The data thus obtained were tabulated scrutinized, analyzed, and compared with the earlier studies wherever possible. If any variant from the normal is observed, an attempt has been made to explain the same on ontogenic or phylogenic basis. Methods: The present study has been conducted on 50 adult human cadaveric right lungs obtained from embalmed cadavers, used for dissection in the department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College, Amritsar, formed the material for the current study. Results: Majority of the lungs (49 [98%]) were spongy in texture while 1 (2%) lung was firm to touch. It is evident that majority of lungs depicted mottling in the form of black, brown or grey in color in 38%, 28%, and 26%...
Morphometric Analysis of Human Cadaveric Lungs
International Journal of Current Research and Review, 2014
Introduction: Human lung, both right as well as left shows lot of variations in their length, breadth, thickness from person to person. Even the fissures and lobes in both the lungs show a variety of variations as shown by previous workers1-7. Apart from studying the variations of fissures and lobes in this study we have measured the length, breadth and thickness of both right and left Lungs and we have also measured the length and depth of transverse and oblique fissures of both the lungs right and left. Such measurements have not been done previously. Aims and objectives: To study the normal length, breadth and thickness of both, right and left lungs and also to study the variations in the length, breadth and thickness, of both right and left lungs and finally to study the normal fissures, lobes and their variations, of both right and left lungs. Materials and Methods: 13 Right and 14 left lungs obtained from embalmed cadavers, used for dissection in the Anatomy department, as a part of 1st year MBBS curriculum, of Geetanjali medical college and Hospital, Udaipur, formed the material for the current study. Results: The left lung shows maximum variations of fissures in that they show an extra transverse fissure which is normally absent in the left lung. Out of 14 left lungs 5 of them that is 35.71%. Out of 14 left lungs 2 of them that is, 14.28% showed absence of oblique fissures. In case of right lungs out 13 only one of them that is, 7.69% showed absence of transverse fissures. Average measurements (length, breadth, thickness) of Right and left lungs have been measured.
International Journal of Anatomy and Research, 2016
Introduction: The lungs are paired essential organs of respiration in humans and are situated in the thoracic cavity. The lungs are separated by fissures into 3 lobes on the right side and two lobes on left side, which facilitate the movements in relation to one another. An accurate interpretation of anatomical variations of fissures and lobes are utmost importance for cardiothoracic surgeons, radiologists and physicians. Materials and Methods: 50 formalin fixed lungs removed from the cadaver from the department of anatomy, KAMSRC and other medical colleges in Telangana zone, were utilised for the study of pattern of lobation and fissures. Formal permission from concerned authority and institutional ethical committee was taken. Results: In total 25 right lungs, 8 specimens showed variations in the fissures and lobes. 17 specimens showed the normal pattern of the lobes. In total 25 left lungs, 3 specimens showed variation in fissure and lobes and remaining 22 had a normal pattern. Conclusion: A proper knowledge of variations of lobes and fissures in particular are helpful for cardiothoracic surgeons in diagnosis and resection of segments and radiologists for accurate radiological interpretation.
Morphological and morphometric analysis of lung: A cadaveric study
Asian journal of medical sciences, 2024
The lung is a respiratory organ in which steady development begins during the embryonic period at 0-7 weeks' gestation and continues into early childhood. Cardiothoracic surgeries and procedures such as lobectomy, segmental resection of bronchoscopy, require a thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the lung. Study of length, fissures and lobes of the lung can guide the surgeons for the above procedures and help them to prevent undue complications during surgery. Many variations are noted by researchers till date in both the lungs in regards to length, breadth, fissures, and lobes. In the current study, we have also observed variations in fissures of lung. Aims and Objectives: To study the normal length, breadth, and thickness of both sides of lungs, variations in the length, breadth, and thickness of both sides of the lungs. To study the normal fissures, lobes and their variations, of both right and left lungs, and also to study the number of bronchi, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary vein. Materials and Methods: 50 Right and 50 left lungs were obtained from embalmed cadavers, used for dissection in the Department of Anatomy, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, by using measuring tape and measuring scale. Photography was done by a DSLR camera. Results: The left lung shows maximum variations in the hilum. Out of 50 left lungs, 6 showed the absence of oblique fissures, 2 lungs had 2 arteries, 2 lungs had 2 Veins, and 1 had 2 bronchi. Out of 50 right lungs, 2 lungs showed 2 arteries, 2 lungs had 2 veins, and 2 had 3 bronchi. Conclusion: Knowledge of normal measurements of both sides of the lungs and their variations may help cardiothoracic surgeons avoid complications during surgery and it may help radiologists resolve uncertain radiographic findings.
Variations in the lobes and fissures of lungs – a study in South Indian lung specimens
European Journal of Anatomy
Detailed knowledge of variations in the lobes and fissures of the lungs is important for radiologists to be able to correctly interpret radiological images and also for clinicians in planning segmental resection or pulmonary lobectomy. The right lung normally has three lobes divided by two fissures, and the left lung has two lobes divided by one fissure. Many studies have presented variations in the fissural and lobar patterns of the lungs through radiological examination, CT scan, and also through embalmed cadavers and specimens. We have conducted a study on 76 formalin- fixed lung specimens (36 right and 40 left) from male cadavers ranging from 45-65 years of age to characterize the variations in the formalinfixed lung specimens from a population of South Indian origin. It was found that four out of seventy -six lungs (5%) exhibited accessory lobes, and fourteen out of seventy-six lungs (18%) presented accessory fissures. These findings are of clinical importance and also of acade...
Rationale: Being a vital organ of respiration, the human lungs are divided by fissures into lobes, which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another. This knowledge of fissures & lobes is of academic interest to all medical professionals. Not only that, considering the fact that malignant lung neoplasms are on the rise all over the world and also in India, this case series would also be particularly useful to cardiothoracic surgeons during surgical resection of individual lung segments. Objective: Keeping in mind the above clinical importance, a cadaveric study focussed on anatomical variations of fissures & lobes was done in 82 human cadaveric lungs, over a period of one year. Result: Among the right lung specimens examined, one lung showed absence of oblique fissure & 22 right lungs had no horizontal fissure. None of the right lung specimens showed any accessory fissure. Among the left lung specimens studied, incomplete oblique fissure was seen in 29 lungs & absence of oblique fissure in two lung specimens. Conclusion: Hence, awareness of anatomical variations of lungs with respect to its lobes & fissures is of great significance .