Biology of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) (original) (raw)
Tilapia – An Excellent Candidate Species for World Aquaculture: A Review
Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2019
Aquaculture is currently playing, and will continue to play, a big part in boosting global fish production and in meeting the rising demand of fishery products. Capture fisheries production has levelled off and is no longer considered capable of sustaining the supply of fisheries products needed to meet the growing global demand. Tilapia is the common name for several species of cichlid fish inhabiting freshwater streams, ponds, rivers and lakes and less commonly in brackish water. Considered as an invasive species, tilapias are now of increasing importance in Aquaculture. Tilapia is the second most farmed fish world-wide and its production has quadrupled over the past decade because of its suitability for aquaculture, marketability and stable market prices. Native to Africa and Middle East, tilapias were introduced into over 90 countries for aquaculture and fisheries. Tilapia continued its rapid increase in global production. Recent production figures reported by various sources, o...
Aquaculture, 1993
Growth and reproduction of individually tagged Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of different strains. Aquaculture, 111: 159-169. Growth and reproduction traits were observed in seven strains of Oreochromis niloticus from Egypt, Ghana, and Senegal (bred from wild collected stocks recently imported to the Philippines from Africa), and 'Israel', 'Singapore', 'Taiwan' and 'Thailand' (strains maintained for aquaculture purposes in the Philippines), respectively. Twenty individually tagged fish were stocked separately for each strain in l-m' tine mesh hapas installed in outdoor concrete tanks and weighed every 2 weeks from 60 days to 2 10 days. There were no significant differences (PcO.05) in growth among strains with the exception of Ghana which showed a significantly lower body weight at 2 10 days (PC 0.05) Based on ages at first spawning, three phenotypes of females were distinguished: early spawning, late spawning and females that did not reproduce during the experiment (virgin females). Growth performances of late spawning and virgin females were nearly equal to the male growth performance in some of the strains tested. This indicates that if reproduction can be delayed in the females, average growth rates comparable to those of an all-male population might be achieved. Phenotypic correlations observed between age and female body weight at first spawning ranged from 0.77 to 0.99; age and number of eggs at first spawning, 0.30 to 0.8 1; and female body weight at first spawning with the number of eggs produced, 0.64 to 0.76. Overall, the correlations between these traits were significant (Pi 0.05). INTRODUCTION Farmed tilapias often reach maturity before they are large enough to be harvested. This results in uncontrolled reproduction and subsequent reduc
Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, 2021
This study was conducted at Gezira Irrigation canal to evaluate the growth performance and the effect of water tempetrature to the culture ability of Nile tilapia juveniles for 120 days. Monosex Oreochromis niloticus sized 8.17±0.33 g were carried out from Mabroka fish farm and stocked in 400 m³ fixed cages at a density of 50 fish/m³. Fish were fed daily with a commercial pellet diet with 33% protein concentration at a feeding rate of 3% of their body weight per day. Feed was given twice a day (09:00 morning and 16:00 evening). Fish growth parameters, water quality analysis have measured every two weeks. The final body weight of fish was 40.23±1.04 grams and the mean daily gained weight was 0.29 g/day, while the survival rate of fish was 99.7%±6.7 and the Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) was 3.8. The average value of temperature, pH and transparency were 23°C, 7.5, 31.5 cm respectively. The results of the study revealed that there is a possibility to culture tilapia juvenile at stocking density of 50/m³ in fixed cages in Irrigation Canals, for the effect of water temperature on fish growth performance the results obtained that no more effect on fish growth during study period.
Aquatic Science and Technology, 2018
Tilapia is one of the most important cultured fish in the world. However, the gap between seed supplies and farmers' demand is one of the serious limitations for tilapia culturists. Notice about different effective agents on tilapia reproduction might be useful for increasing of production and better management of tilapia hatcheries. In the present study, higher efficiency of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus hatchery was considered based on the impact of sex ratio, stocking density, photoperiod, water salinity and replacement period on spawning performance.
Aquaculture Research, 1989
Effects of stocking density on water quality and on the growth, survival and food conversion of Oreochromis niloiicus (Linnaeus) were evaluated. Fingerlings of tilapia (average weight 40-25 ± 94 g) were stocked in six 3-75-m-' concrete tanks at 16.32 and 42-6/m' and reared for 164 days. A water flow rate of 1 l/min/kg fish biomass was maintained in all the tanks. The growth rate was inversely related to stocking density with mean weights of 337-25 g, 327-Og and 323-5g at the low, medium and high densities respectively. At harvest, standing crop biomass averaged 5-36 kg, 10-44kg and 13-24kg for the three densities. The respective food conversion ratios (FCR) were 1-85, 1-88 and 1-95, while the survival rates were 99-2. 99-6 and 95-9%. However, the survival rate, growth rate and food conversion efficiencies were not significantly different at the three stocking densities. Water quality did not deteriorate in different tanks as the oxygen was continuously replenished and metabolites and waste products removed by the water flowing through the tanks. These data suggest that culture of tilapia at a density of 42-6/m' and production of 13-24 kg/m-' in 164 days with a production of 18-20 kg/m^ in a growing season (April-October) of 210 days is possible using the drainage water in flow-through water systen:is.
International Journal of Food Science and Agriculture, 2022
Tilapia is one of the most important cultured fish in the world. World production of tilapia is highly increased in recent decades. Reproductive strategies of tilapias cause their ability of living in different aquatic ecosystems. On the other hand, the gap between seed supplies and farmers’ demand is one of the most serious limitations for tilapia culturists. Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus samples were stocked from September 2009 to January 2011. During the study period, water salinity, temperature, pH and oxygen saturate were fixed at 11.5ppt, 27±0.5°C, 7.6-8.1 and 100%, respectively. Fish were fed using 40% protein food under 18:6 (L:D) 2500lux light regime. Total length and weight of the spawners, absolute and relative fecundity, egg weight and diameter and spawning intervals were investigated. Pearson correlation coefficient between total length and weight of brooders against absolute and relative fecundity, wet weight of an egg, egg clutch and egg diameter were studied (p&...
Experimental rearing of Nile tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus) for saltwater culture
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 1984
Fertilized eggs of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) spawned in freshwater, were removed from mouthbrooding females one day post-spawning and artificially incubated a t elevated salinities. Mortality during artificial incubation occurred primarily during early development and generally increased with increasing incubation salinity. At six days post-hatching, mean survivals of 85.5, 84.4, 82.5, 56.3, 37.9, 20.0 and 0% were recorded for broods incubated at salinities of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 32 ppt, respectively. Fertilized eggs exhibited a 96-hour median lethal salinity (MLS-96) of 18.9 ppt, identical to that of 7 to 120day old fry and fingerlings. Fertilized eggs, however, exhibited a much higher median survival time (ST50 = 978 min) thpn 7 to 395day old fry and fingerlings (ST50 = 28.8-179.0 min), reflecting the ability of eggs to survive direct seawater transfer for longer periods of time than fry or fingerlings. The reproductive performance of yearling 0, niloticus broodstock was monitored under laboratory conditions at various salinities and results compared with the performance of an older (two to three-year) broodstock in freshwater. Spawning was observed in salinities ranging from freshwater to full seawater (32 ppt). Mean hatching successes were similar for eggs spawned by yearling females in freshwater (30.9%), 10 ppt (32.7%) and 15 ppt (36.996). Extremely poor hatching success was obtained with eggs spawned in full seawater. Mean hhtching success was considerably higher for eggs spawned at 5 ppt (51.6%) and compared with that obtained with eggs pawned by older females in freshwater (54.2%). Seasonal egg and fry production per female was much greater in the older broodstock in freshwater than in yearling females in any salinity. However, seasonal egg and fry production per unit weight was greater in yearling females in salinities of 5 to 15 ppt than in older females in freshwater. The salinity tolerance of fry spawned at various salinities and fry spawned in freshwater but hatched at various salinities, was determined using the median survival time (ST50), mean survival time (MST) and 96-hour median lethal salinity (MLS-96) indices. For comparative purposes, fry spawned and hatched in freshwater were acclimatized to various salinities and their salinity tolerances likewise determined. Fry salinity tolerance progressively increased with increasing salinity of spawning, hatching, or acclimatization. However, at equivalent salinity, early exposure (spawning) produced progeny of comparatively higher salinity tolerance than those spawned in freshwater and hatched at elevated salinity. Similarly, at equiualent salinity, progeny spawned in freshwater but hatched at elevated salinity exhibited higher salinity tolerance than those spawned and hatched in freshwater, then acclimatized to an elevated salinity. The utility of these methods of early salinity exposure toward the saltwater culture of tilapias is discussed.