Cigarette smoking - United States, 2006-2008 and 2009-2010 (original) (raw)

Who's still smoking? Disparities in adult cigarette smoking prevalence in the United States

CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 2018

The continuing high prevalence of cigarette smoking among specific subpopulations, many of them vulnerable, is one of the most pressing challenges facing the tobacco control community. These populations include individuals in lower education and/or socioeconomic groups; from certain racial/ethnic groups; in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community; with mental illness; and in the military, particularly among those in the lowest pay grades. Although traditional tobacco control measures are having positive health effects for most groups, the effects are not sufficient for others. More attention to and support for promising novel interventions, in addition to new attempts at reaching these populations through conventional interventions that have proven to be effective, are crucial going forward to find new ways to address these disparities. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:106-115. © 2018 American Cancer Society.

Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income African Americans

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005

Background-This study examines the current prevalence of cigarette smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked in a community-based sample of 1021 low-income African-American men and women.

Troubling Trends in Indiana: Most Vulnerable Groups Have Highest Smoking Rates

2006

Tobacco use causes more deaths annually than alcohol, AIDS, car accidents, illegal drugs, murders, and suicides combined, making it the most preventable cause of death and disease in the United States (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004). Unfortunately, Indiana's smoking prevalence is 2nd highest among the states (Indiana State Department of Health, 2005). Among Hoosiers, 27.3 percent of the adult population are current smokers, compared with a national rate of 20.6 percent. Embedded in the overall rate are statistics for particular groups that are especially troubling. In Indiana, blacks and groups with high poverty and low education rates have the highest smoking rates. The higher rates among blacks are particularly troublesome because blacks appear to have a higher genetic and cultural vulnerability to tobacco-related illnesses and deaths. And while Hoosier women have better rates than men, pregnant women in Indiana have one of the highest smoking rates in the nation, resulting in increased health risks to their infants. This brief provides an overview of Indiana's tobaccorelated health statistics and the sociological reasons why numerous Hoosiers fall into the "healthcare gap" caused by health disparities. The Prevalence and Financial Burden of Tobacco Use One of the national health objectives is to reduce the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults to below 12 percent (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000a), and public health campaigns to reduce smoking appear to be showing some success. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2005b), the number of individuals who had once smoked and subsequently quit exceeded 50 percent for the first time in 2002. However, smoking continues to be the leading preventable cause of disease, death, and financial burden in the United States, resulting in more than 440,000 deaths and $157 billion in annual health-related economic losses each year (U.S.

Adult tobacco use among racial and ethnic groups living in the United States, 2002-2005

Preventing chronic disease, 2008

U.S. data on adult tobacco use and the relationship between such use and tobacco-related health disparities are primarily limited to broad racial or ethnic populations. To monitor progress in tobacco control among adults living in the United States, we present information on tobacco use for both aggregated and disaggregated racial and ethnic subgroups. We used data from the nationally representative sample of adults aged 18 years or older who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health conducted 4 times during 2002-2005. We calculated 2 outcome measures: 1) use of any tobacco product (cigarettes, chewing or snuff tobacco, cigars, or pipes) during the 30 days before each survey and 2) cigarette smoking during the 30 days before each survey. The prevalence of tobacco use among adults aged 18 years or older varied widely across racial or ethnic groups or subgroups. Overall, about 3 of 10 adults living in the United States were tobacco users during the 30 days before bein...

Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults—United States, 2011

JAMA, 2013

The U.S. Surgeon General has concluded that the burden of death and disease from tobacco use in the United States is overwhelmingly caused by cigarettes and other combusted tobacco products (1). Cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. adults, and about 480,000 U.S. deaths per year are caused by cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke exposure (1). To assess progress toward the Healthy People 2020 target of reducing the proportion of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years who smoke cigarettes to ≤12.0% (objective TU-1.1),* CDC analyzed data from the 2016 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). In 2016, the prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults was 15.5%, which was a significant decline from 2005 (20.9%); however, no significant change has occurred since 2015 (15.1%). In 2016, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher among adults who were male, aged 25-64 years, American Indian/Alaska Native or multiracial, had a General Education Development (GED) certificate, lived below the federal poverty level, lived in the Midwest or South, were uninsured or insured through Medicaid, had a disability/ limitation, were lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB), or had serious psychological distress. During 2005-2016, the percentage of ever smokers who quit smoking increased from 50.8% to 59.0%. Proven population-based interventions are critical to reducing the health and economic burden of smoking-related diseases among U.S. adults, particularly among subpopulations with the highest smoking prevalences (1,2). NHIS is an annual, nationally representative in-person survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. civilian population. The NHIS core questionnaire is administered to a randomly selected adult in the household (the sample adult). In 2016, the NHIS was administered to 33,028 adults aged ≥18 years;

Socioeconomic status and smoking: a review

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2012

Smoking prevalence is higher among disadvantaged groups, and disadvantaged smokers may face higher exposure to tobacco's harms. Uptake may also be higher among those with low socioeconomic status (SES), and quit attempts are less likely to be successful. Studies have suggested that this may be the result of reduced social support for quitting, low motivation to quit, stronger addiction to tobacco, increased likelihood of not completing courses of pharmacotherapy or behavioral support sessions, psychological differences such as lack of self-efficacy, and tobacco industry marketing. Evidence of interventions that work among lower socioeconomic groups is sparse. Raising the price of tobacco products appears to be the tobacco control intervention with the most potential to reduce health inequalities from tobacco. Targeted cessation programs and mass media interventions can also contribute to reducing inequalities. To tackle the high prevalence of smoking among disadvantaged groups, a combination of tobacco control measures is required, and these should be delivered in conjunction with wider attempts to address inequalities in health.