Prof Abdalla Abdalla Soudan Pastoral systems in Kordofan 2015 (original) (raw)
Related papers
LA CONTRIBUTION DE L’ELEVAGE PASTORAL A LA SECURITE ET AU DEVELOPPEMENT DES ESPACES SAHARO-SAHELIENS
The main resource-use pattern in Kordofan region of Sudan could be considered as a typical agropastoral system of Saharo-Sahelian zone. Northern part of the region is dominated by camels and desert sheep herders, while cattle herders traverse from the southern part -where there are savannah vegetations -to the Sahelian environment in the north during the rainy season. As consequences of drought episodes and some changes in land-use systems in the area, agro-pastoral communities facing multitude of challenges that necessitate the development of some strategies to cope with their environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study is designed to scrutinize strategies developed by local communities to enhance resilience in addition to evaluate the previous interventions put by some actors to enhance local mechanisms for conflict mitigation. A conceptual framework was developed to explain the interrelation of factors and attributes of sustainable development of agro-pastoral communities in the area. Political ecology and analytical approaches were followed. A key informant's questionnaire was designed and subsequently completed by interviewing 200 respondents. In addition to focus discussion that was conducted with some tribal leaders. Results indicated that the main challenges facing pastoralists were climate variability and its impacts on natural resources, conflicts/security and lack of basic services like health and education. Strategies developed by pastoralists to meet some challenges were herd mobility in searching for water and pasture, keeping drought tolerant animals, diversifying livestock species in favor of resilience to drought and herds splitting among their relatives. These strategies may enhance resilience of pastoral communities if coupled with the provision of a multidisciplinary approach that regulate access to water and range pastures via demarcation of the livestock corridors, revision of land tenure, provision of services and minimizing ethno-political polarization. Provision of such a multidisciplinary approach may pave the way for sustainable development in the region.
Building Resilience of Human-Natural Systems of Pastoralism in the Developing World
Springer eBooks, 2016
This book, focused on issues of resilience in pastoral systems, gives much food for thought, and brings many new faces into the international debate on pastoralism. According to the institutional affiliations of the 24 authors, they come from nine countries and 18 research institutes. The book is divided into eight chapters, each authored by one to nine persons. At least one of the four editors has authored or co-authored each chapter, Shikui Dong being party to four chapters, Karim-Aly Kassam and Jean François Tourrand to two each, and Randall Boone to one. The introduction starts with the well-known "facts" on pastoralism, based on FAO statistics and reports, such as 200 million pastoral households, 100 countries with pastoral systems and over 25% of the Earth's land area used by pastoralists. A differentiation is made between a productive dimension of tending grazing livestock, and a livelihood (subsistence) dimension of pastoralism in dry or cold rangeland areas. Probably not everyone will agree with using the term "subsistence", since the pastoralists classified as such often trade livestock or livestock produce for grain and other daily necessities. In the section of the introduction on forms of pastoralism, a distinction is made between nomadic, transhumant and pastoral farming (ranching). Another section is devoted to the origin and history of pastoralism, with convincing arguments for multiple centres of origin. The section on geographic distribution of pastoralism is broad brushed but fairly complete, mentioning Europe (Alps, Great Britain and Scandinavia), Asia (Central Asia, Near East, Southern Asia) and Africa (North, West, East and a combined paragraph on South and Horn of Africa). However, the Horn would better be treated together with East Africa, because of the geographical proximity and the many links between pastoralists in, e.g. Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia. The part on South America concentrates on 'indigenous' species (alpaca and llama) in the Andes, whereas in the case of North America, the focus is on cattle on the Great Plains, in mountainous areas and on public land. For New Zealand and Australia, the Journal compilation Ó Australian Rangeland Society 2017 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/trj CSIRO PUBLISHING
Socio-political and ecological stresses on traditional pastoral systems: A review
Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019
Pastoralism is a viable socioeconomic system-shaped by landless and agro-pastoral communities in many pastoral regions of the world. This system is mainly based on seasonal migration of pastoralists and their livestock herds between upland and lowland pastures. Traditionally pastoral activities make significant contributions to mountain livelihood subsistence, regional economies and environmental sustainability. However, the pastoralist's lifestyle and their economies are increasingly confronted to various socio-political, economic and ecological stresses from the last few decades. Extensive literature reviewed on this subject with the aim to explore the current emerging challenges faced by pastoral communities in different pastoral regions. It has been revealed from literature that the prevalent socio-political and economic stress on pastoralism caused by modernization, insecure land tenure, integration of market economy, civil insecurities and pastoralist's exclusion in states policies while ecological stress on pastoral activities emerged with increasing focus on nature conservation in pastoral regions and climate change induced hazards and disasters. As a consequence of these challenges, pastoral households are abandoning livestock herding-as a traditional way of life and are in continuous transition to transform their pastoral practices and institutions. Thus, the attention and consultation of key stakeholders are needed toward pastoral resource development that improve and sustain traditional pastoral practices in a socio-politically and ecologically stressed environment of the world.
Abstract This paper focuses predominately on the major changes occurred among pastoral communities in Butana locality of the Gedarif state in Sudan. It examines the driving forces of these changes that have taken place during the last five decades. A questionnaire was conducted involving three hundred respondents that were randomly chosen from nineteen villages living in Butana locality. The paper has come out with that changes is a part of human nature, but in the case of pastoralism it is faster than one expected and always come through internal and external forces beyond their limit. Invasion of crop farming, shrinking of grazing land, spontaneous settlement, conflict over resources, and changing in the role of woman are some the major changes. Results show that privatization of communal land, economic marginalization, lack in infrastructure and international intervention are perceived to be the major drivers behind such changes. The paper confirms that climatic variability is the part nature of semi arid land and has not to be fully blamed behind the current changes. The ability of pastoral economy to survive until today is challenging the notion which circulated among planners and decision makers that pastoralism is backward production system. Despite the huge constraints they are facing, still the contribution of pastoralism to the economy of Gedarif state as well as for the country is highly considered.
APN Science Bulletin
Rangelands located in arid and semi-arid region are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research project is to assess vulnerability and its impacts on socio-economy of pastoral society and to formulate adaptation options for the selected rangelands. The analysis process consisted of (1) using geospatial techniques to assess the pastoral vulnerability; (2) using statistical correlation analysis to assess the impact of vulnerability on the grazing societies’ socio-economic conditions; (3) using qualitative document analysis (QDA) to evaluate policy documents; and (4) engaging in policy formulation, which included active participation by multiple academic researchers, policymakers, and representatives of the local community. The pastoral vulnerability assessment results reveal that drought, pasture usage and normalized difference vegetation index are the main drivers. Pastoral vulnerability increases the breeding stock’s miscarriage rate and causes livestoc...
Climate Change Versus Pastoral Communities in Butana of SudanVulnerability and Adaptability
Climate Change versus Pastoral Communities in Butana of Sudan Vulnerability and Adaptability, 2024
This paper is focused on impacts of climate vulnerability on pastoral livelihoods and adaptive capacities of pastoral communities in Goz Rajab and Alazaza of River Atbara Locality of Butana of Kassala State-Eastern Sudan .It aimed to to assess impacts of climate vulnerability on the current livelihood of pastoral groups in River Atbara Locality of Kassala State, analysing adaptive capacity at the community level and to propose guideline measures that enhance pastoral groups ability to adapt to climate change and ensure food security.Approach used is Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis in line with Sustainable livelihood approach. Data were collected based on many participatory tools include desk research well-structured questionnaires for household (H/H) historical timelines, group discussions. Key findings were summarized that, drought seems to be the biggest climate hazard, 38 % of respondents indicated that recently its frequency has increased resulting in negative impacts that affects pastoral community's livelihoods. The vulnerability of the pastoralists in Goz Rajab is highly pronounced compared to Alazaza agro pastoralists. H/H headship was male dominated it constitutes 97.7% of sample size. Both women and men had less access to education in Goz Rajab. Elder's illiteracy in Alazaza was 71% for both sexes. Protection of key livelihood asset was quite low as accessed by only 4.5% of respondents' H/H heads. Feed shortage reported by 97 % resulted in increased mobility and migration (90%) and shift from pastoralism to other production system as agreed by 90% of respondents. Findings indicated that access to finance provided by livestock traders who provide 50% on loan basis and Producers Union provides 50%. Access to early warning and climate information reported by only 24.4% hence climate information provided by elderly observations (68.4%) or depends on physiognomy (31.6%) to nature for planning for mobility or cultivation. Selling animals among more significant coping mechanism (66.7% of H/H); brokerage practiced by 47.5%. Adaptation capacities varied between study areas, practices include shifting to raise small ruminants, cultivation, utilize sorghum stoves as roofs and building material dry season feeding; Accessibility to knowledge and skills were varied ,2.4 % have no idea about the information availability and accessibility(Mustafa,2015).
Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice, 2014
Reducing vulnerability to hazards is a major challenge for pastoral settlements in the dry lands of sub-Saharan Africa. Accumulation of a stock of living animals is a major means of livelihood security that pastoralists use to cope with their constraints, amongst which is high environmental variability. Diversification and long-distance mobility are other means of livelihood security, implying specific family organization. We analysed the combination of these means in ensuring the livelihood security of 508 familial settlements in the rural community of Ferlo, Tessekre (Senegal). At least 40% of the settlements surveyed were small pastoral families, composed of one or two households with small herds (less than 50 cows and 50 sheep). Herds were the major means of livelihood security, but due to lack of a sufficient labour and other assets, the situation of these impoverished families was very precarious. In 28% of the settlements, families combined livestock, crops and non-farming activities as livelihood means. The remaining 32% of the settlements were pastoral settlements supported by large cattle herds and, in many cases, the production of Aïd el Kebir rams (for the major Muslim religious event). Non-farming activities were also present in these settlements with large herds, especially activities in the livestock trade. Diversification can reinforce the function of herds as savings accounts and might also enable the pastoralists to invest in livestock activities. There were three groups of settlements based on the characterization of livelihood security strategies used by pastoral herders. Over time, pastoralists have to utilize several means of security to cope with climatic shocks such as droughts, and familial events such as the death of the familial chief. Family organization (dispersal or grouping), diversification and mobility are important means used to recover after major losses of animals.