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Rythm of eyes : enhancing visual communication through eye tracking technology
2014
their attention, and perhaps even provide a clue as to how a person perceived whatever scene she or he was viewing (Duchowski, 2007, p. 3). Substantial number of existing scientific research in the field of Human Visual system (HVS) has demonstrated that the use of eye-tracking technology and methodology can be significant and may provide meaningful outcome that will enhance visual interaction and communication between the designers and viewers in a creative environment. Eye-Tracking Technology and Methodology: A Brief Review Research in eye-tracking was first initiated in the late 19th century with early interest in understanding eye movements that occurs in reading process (Jacob and Karn (2003. This early research was initiated through direct observation and intrusive mechanical devices that required contact with the cornea and was followed by non-intrusive approaches in the early 20th century (Jacob & Karn, 2003). Then, in the second quarter of the 20th century, researchers began to explore eye-movements associated with still images. For instance, in 1935, Buswell attempted to identify people's eye-movement patterns and perceptions when they look at color pictures. Since the 1950s, eye-tracking technologies have been heavily focused on usability studies that ranges from pilot training
Experimental design and biometric research. Toward innovations, 2021
Eye movements provide information on subconscious reactions in response to stimuli and are a reflection of attention and focus. With regard to visual activity, four types of eye movements—fixations, saccades, smooth pursuits and blinks—can be distinguished. Fixations—the number and distribution, total fixation time or average fixation duration are among the most common measures. The capabilities of this research method also allow the determination of scanpaths that track gaze on the image as well as heat- and focus maps, which visually represent points of gaze focus. A key concept in eye-tracking that allows for more in-depth analysis is areas of interest (AOI)—measures can then be taken for selected parts of the visual stimulus. On the other hand, the area of gaze outside the scope of analysis is called white space. The software allows for comparisons of static and non-static stimuli and provides a choice of template, dataset, metrics or data format. In conducting eye-tracking rese...
Eye tracking methodology: Theory and practice
2007
From the reviews 7 This book is a good example of how understanding of an innovative subject can be fostered in an optimal way. … The book not only refers to a good deal of opportunities for research, its value lies in its giving a splendid overview of the state of the art of the eye tracking methodology and its foundations. … The complexity of the subject is demonstrated through related quotations of research and distilled insights 7 Peter Simlinger, ID News Now in its 2nd edition, it is still the only book to provide detailed practical advice on how to set up, operate and develop an eye tracking system. New sections of the book explain system installation, software development, and calibration. Included is a complete new section on experimental methodology, providing guidance to readers on how to conduct their own eye tracking experiments. 2nd ed. 2007. XXVI, 334 p. 113 illus. Softcover ISBN 978-1-84628-608-7 7 $79.95
An attempt to use eye-tracking to improve a chosen ICT system
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej Organizacja i Zarządzanie, 2016
The main goal formulated in the paper is to assess the value of the eye-tracking method described in section 2 for the purpose of improvement of information and communication technology (ICT) systems. The possible range of application of the method is described in section 4, which presents the chosen results of the study described in section 3. It concerns the proposal to improve the System Professionals project mentioned in section 1 which is available through the platform zawodowcy.org. The results of the study are helpful for people who will be responsible for the future training of users and communication with them during the project also described in section 1. The research has indicated the possibility of using eye-tracking measurements in improving ICT systems at least in the area of designing their functionality and user interfaces.
An Exploratory Study to Understand the Phenomena of Eye-Tracking Technology
Technology-Enhanced Formative Assessment Practices in Higher Education, 2020
Technology has played a pivotal role in revolutionizing the formative aspects of learning and teaching in the current digital age. Due to technology, there is an expectation of having customized medicine, customized interaction, and customized formative communication instead of traditional mass reporting approaches. Formative assessment within higher education teaching and learning environments are no exception to such an approach in the 21st century digital environment. Eye-tracking technology in recent years has provided an insight to understand the human eye movements and concentration patterns, which has application in education. Eye-tracking can be used to examine the processes of individuals in their learning to establish how learning contents are delivered and perceived by all involved (e.g., teaching staff, students, and markers). This chapter proposes that critical and specific information from eye-tracking software can lead to tailored educational content to accommodate, c...
Perceptual multimedia quality is of paramount importance to the continued take-up and proliferation of multimedia applications; users will not use and pay for applications if they are perceived to be of low quality. While traditionally distributed multimedia quality has been characterized by quality-of-service (QoS) parameters, these neglect the user perspective of the issue of quality. In order to redress this shortcoming, we characterize the user multimedia perspective using the quality-of-perception (QoP) metric, which encompasses not only a user's satisfaction with the quality of a multimedia presentation, but also his/her ability to analyze, synthesize, and assimilate informational content of multimedia. In recognition of the fact that monitoring eye movements offers insights into visual perception, as well as the associated attention mechanisms and cognitive processes, this paper reports on the results of a study investigating the impact of differing multimedia presentation frame rates on user QoP and eye path data. Our results show that provision of higher frame rates, usually assumed to provide better multimedia presentation quality, do not significantly impact upon the median coordinate value of eye path data. Moreover, higher frame rates do not significantly increase the level of participant information assimilation, although they do significantly improve overall user enjoyment and quality perception of the multimedia content being shown.