Biomanagement of nematode in vegetable 2011 (original) (raw)
Pot experiments conducted for the evaluation of efficacy of biocontrol agent viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzanium and Trichoderma viride against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Chilli revealed that soil application of P. fluorescens, Trichoderma harzanium and T. viride alone or in combination was able to control the nematode population and improve the yield. Combined soil application of P. fluorescens (@ 4 g/pot) + T. harzanium (@ 4 g/plant) and P. fluorescens (@ 4 g/plant) + T. viride (@ 4 g/pot) as soil application was effective to check the root knot nematode in chilli.
Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture, 2021
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system is the best effective sustainable approach of protecting crops from the ravages of pests towards the goal of food sufficiency for the ever-increasing human population of the globe. IPM helps minimize reliance on chemical pesticides leading to elimination of several pesticide associated problems like environmental pollution, killing of non target organisms, residue problem, health hazards, development of resistant population of pest species, resurgence of pests, secondary pest outbreak and so on. Sustainability in crop production and protection can only be achieved by developing technologies that are based on locally available, easily acceptable and cost effective inputs. Therefore, development of new knowledge systems with emphasis on eco-friendly approaches and new IPM strategies are necessary to tackle the intensified pest-disease problems in the present time of climate change. The book contains twenty eight articles covering various aspects of crop protection. The topics cover fundamental as well as advanced and modern aspects of pest management. Here, an attempt has been taken to present some recent findings with review work in a manner considered suitable for the scientific community. We are thankful to the contributors for writing authoritative and informative articles for this volume. The opinions and text contained herein are those of the authors and we have tried to honour their ideas in the original shape. While dealing with such a voluminous work, errors are likely to occur despite best efforts. However, the onus of the technical contents rests with the contributors. This effort will definitely serve as an excellent reference material and also as a guide for research communities and students in the field of Agricultural science. We would very much appreciate receiving suggestions from readers so that shortcomings, if any, can be corrected in future editions. We are thankful to all the faculty members and especially to Dr. T.K. Maity, Principal, College of Agriculture, Tripura for their constant support and courage during this effort. We also highly appreciate the all-round cooperation and support of Sri Dipanjan Mukherjee, founder member of New Delhi Publishers for presenting and publishing this work with patience, care and interest.
Integrated nematode management practices in various crops in Haryana
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are hidden enemies of crops and are one of the many groups of harmful organisms which depend on plants for their survival. PPNs cause damage to almost all crops, however, due to their subterranean habit, microscopic size (0.3 to 10 mm length), they are invisible with the naked eye. PPNs have been described, characterized on the basis of their feeding habits i.e., plant feeders, bacterial feeders, fungal feeders, algal feeders, animal predators and omnivores. PPNs not only cause damage individually but form disease-complexes with other microorganism like fungi and bacteria. PPNs with high population density cause economically significant yield reduction in most agricultural crops. In Haryana an estimated average loss is 20-25% due to these tiny organisms. In the recent surveys it has been observed that more than 50% of the polyhouses of Haryana are infested with root-knot nematodes. Changes in agricultural conditions have a significant impact on the emergence of new nematode problems in Haryana. Damage is greater in vegetable and horticultural crops than in cereal crops. Nematode symptoms are similar to those of other pathogens and abiotic diseases such as a lack of water and nutrients. New problems identified in Haryana ⮚ Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola has been continuously increasing in traditional as well as non-traditional rice growing areas of the state. ⮚ Guava orchards in Haryana have been found heavily infested with root-knot and root-rot complex disease. ⮚ Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. problem has been increasing tremendously under protected cultivation. Plant Responses to Nematode Infection Plants react differently to nematode infections depending on cultivar and species. The damage levels are also affected by temperature, soil moisture content, nematode type, soil characteristics, and crop
Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2023
The behaviour of fungal pathogens in a dormant or active state under different changes by infection of the host plant parasitic nematode was related to the function of fungi. Due to RKNs on the chilli in Meloidogyneinfected pot culture, Penicillium sp. demonstrated plant growth-promoting characteristics and nematocidal activities, according to the findings of the current study. This fungus can be used as a growth promoter in Treatments 2 and 3, where a mixture of Meloidogyne sp. and Penicelliumsp. showed higher growth rates and yellowing leaves in some pots, but no knots were found in the roots however, the current research may offer a theoretical basis for a growth promoter agent for better growth in Penicillium inoculated pots and In Nematode inoculated pots, Meloidogynesp can reduce plant growth. In both Meliodogynesp and Penicillium sp inoculated pots, it was demonstrated that decreasing nematode population increased the growth habits of chilies in terms of number of leaves Therefore, it has been demonstrated that Penicellium decreases nematocidal action while promoting growth parameters in chilli plants, and that using preventative measures can somewhat lessen insect infestation in control pots.
Turkish Journal of Botany
An experiment was conducted at the University Agricultural Research Farm to study the eff ect of inoculation with biological nitrogen fi xers on growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) cv. "Pusa Jawala" in relation to disease incidence caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. Th e growth, yield, and quality parameters of chilli increased signifi cantly with the inoculation of biological nitrogen fi xers using Azospirillum and Azotobacter. Performance of Azospirillum was found better as compared to Azotobacter. Simultaneous inoculation with biofertilisers (100% recommended dose of N-fertiliser 100 kg N per ha and farmyard manure 15 t per ha) resulted the maximum growth, yield, and quality parameters. Th us, the associative nature of the above biofertilisers helps to save 25% nitrogenous fertiliser in chilli crop. Th ere was increased content in plant nitrogen, phosphate and potash, leaf chlorophyll and residual available soil nitrogen, phosphate and potash with dual inoculation with the biological nitrogen fi xers along with recommended full dose of nitrogen fertiliser. Disease intensity was recorded in decreasing order in all the treatments but more pronounced in those where biofertilisers were added.
Biological control agents in the integrated nematode management of pepper in Egypt
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2020
Pepper is an important vegetable crop in Egypt and worldwide. Yet, it is usually attacked and damaged by numerous plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) especially root-knot nematodes in Egypt. This review summarizes ecology, biology, and economic value of such nematodes from the standpoint of pest management. The use of sound cultural practices and other phytosanitary measures against PPNs of pepper should be sought. Biological control agents (BCAs) rank high among other PPN management options on pepper plants given their outstanding role in sustainable agriculture. Therefore, BCAs especially those reviewed herein due to their usefulness in reducing PPN populations and increasing pepper yield should be incorporated into pepper management systems. Further aspects of BCA biology and ecology should better be understood to let them fit into existing or emerging integrated pest management strategies for growing pepper. Examples of commercially produced biocontrol agents that have become well established in several Egyptian markets and may be used against PPNs on pepper plants are shown.
Journal of Vietnamese Environment
Neem cake is a product of the cold pressing from the neem kernels to obtain neem oil. Bio-active substances from neem cake extracted solutions were evaluated for their potential to control the root knot nematodes and other pests of plants. In this study different concentrations of the solution extracted from neem cake was tested against the second stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp. and four phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytopthora capsici. Toxicity of neem cake extractions is represented by the EC50 value for the second-stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and the four phytopathogenic fungi via Probit analysis. A 5% dilution of the solvent extracting from neem cake already caused 100% larval mortality after 24 hours exposure. Undiluted neem cake extraction effectively inhibited the growth of the four phytopathogenic fungi. The EC50 value of neem cake on J2-larvae of Meloidogyne nematode and o...
Current status of plant parasitic nematodes and their management of major spice crops
Trends in Horticulture
Major spices crops such as black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) production in India is sustained losses due to several reasons. Among them, one of the major constraints are nematode infesting diseases, which causes significant yield losses and affecting their productivity. The major nematode pests infesting these crops include burrowing nematode Radopholus similis; root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on black pepper. Whereas, lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp., M. incognita and R. similis infesting cardamom and turmeric crops. Black pepper is susceptible to a number of diseases of which slow decline caused by R. similis and M. incognita or Phytophthora capsici either alone and in combination and root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. are the major ones. Root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. is major constraints in the successful cultivation and production in cardamom. Turmeric is su...
Management of Tomato Parasitic Nematode through Organic Nematicides in Peshawar, Pakistan
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is parasitic to the plants and greatly damages the root of many vegetables. The current in-Planta study was designed to explore the nematicidal properties of several botanicals (neem oil, garlic oil, castor oil, extracts of Tagetes patula and Datura inoxia at a standard dose of 2.0%) at District Peshawar, Pakistan. Tomato (cv. Riogrande) was grown in earthen pots for the growing seasons of 2014 to 2016. Pure culture of the root-knot nematodes were grown in laboratory and were applied at the rate of 50 infective juvenile and 200 eggs per root system through soil drench method. Neem oil and Datura inoxia gave the best results by having lower number (2.8 and 5.8, respectively) of galls. Adult females and egg masses were also reduced to 0.9 and 4.8, respectively, per root system. All the treatments differences were statistically significant (P≤ 0.05). Plant growth parameters were also upraised with application of medicinal herbs. This study...
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
A field experiment was conducted during 2009-2011 at the University Agricultural Research Farm to evaluate the efficacious nature of some botanicals such as Argemone mexicana, Calotropis procera, Solanum xanthocarpum, and Eichhornia echinulata in combination with normal as well as deep ploughing against plant-parasitic nematodes and soil-inhabiting fungi infesting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivar K-850 in relation to its growth characteristics. Significant reduction was observed in the multiplication of plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne incognita, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, and Helicotylenchus indicus and in the frequency of parasitic fungi such as Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phyllosticta phaseolina, and Sclerotium rolfsii by the application of botanicals to soil. However, the frequency of saprophytic fungi Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, and Penicillium digitatum was significantly increased. Much improvement was observed in growth parameters like plant weight, per cent pollen fertility, pod numbers, root nodulation, nitrate reductase activity, and chlorophyll content in leaves. Depth of ploughing also influenced the population of plant-parasitic nematodes and the frequency of soil-inhabiting fungi in chickpea crop.
Effect of bio-agents on management of plant parasitic nematodes infecting bittergourd
2019
A pot culture experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of certain bioagents on management of plant parasitic nematodes infecting bittergourd. Bittergourd seeds of var. Green long were sown in infested soil in 15cm diameter earthen pots. The pre-incubated bioagents viz. Purpureocillium lilacinum, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Bacillus pumilus and Pseudomonas fluorescens either alone or in combination; FYM and carbofuran were applied to the pot soil as per treatments. Need based irrigation, weeding and other cultural operations were provided. The effect of treatments on growth parameters of bittergourd plants and population of nematodes were observed 45 days after sowing and application of bioagents. It was revealed that combined application of Purpureocillium lilacinum and Pseudomonas fluorescens enhanced the vine length, root length, shoot weight and root weight of bittergourd plants to the tune of 73.3%, 62.5%, 58.0% and 82.3% respectively over untreated control. Population build...
Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2018
Objective: To investigate nematode suppression and yield improvement potential of two organic materials; poultry manure and chopped neem leaves in sweet potato production. Methodology and results: A factorial experiment mounted on Randomized Complete Block Design was conducted in 2014 and 2015 at Atebubu and Wenchi, prominent farming communities in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. The organic materials were applied on two sweet potato varieties; Apomuden and Santom pona. Poultry manure and neem leaves weighing 100g and 30g respectively were applied per stand. Plant population, nematodes population per 200-cm3 soil at planting and harvest, tuber galls, vine dry matter weight at harvest and yield were analyzed. Significantly, higher (P < 0.05) plant population was recorded at Wenchi compared to Atebubu in 2015. Control plots recorded significantly highest plant parasitic nematodes compared with the poultry manure and neem leaf treatments. Consistently, neem leaf amended plots recorded lowest population levels (67, 68 and 33) % and (84 and 84) % less Meloidogyne spp., P. brachyurus and H. multicintus and Meloidogyne spp., and P. brachyurus were extracted from neem leaf amended Santom pona plots compared with the control of Santom pona at Atebubu and Wenchi respectively. Poultry manure on Santom pona recorded the highest gall index, which was 78.8% more than observed on Santom pona treated with neem leaves. Neem leaf correlated positively with Apomuden and recorded the highest yield in 2014 at Atebubu, which was approximately 93% higher than the control of Santom pona, which yielded 0.9t/ha. The yield of neem leaf on Apomuden was significantly higher (35% and 41%) than neem leaf on Santom pona in 2014 and 2015 at Atebubu and Wenchi respectively. Conclusion and application of findings: Nematode management with synthetic products must be discouraged on grounds of mammalian toxicity and environmental degradation. The use of organic amendments should be encouraged for suppression of nematode population densities, improvement in yield and environmental friendliness. The latter option is sustainable and more importantly, tuber crops produced with organic amendments would be free from chemical residues.
Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 2017
A replicated pot culture experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Nematology Assam Agriculture University, Assam during Rabi season with bio formulations like Trichoderma viride, Pasteuria penetrans, FYM and Glomus fasciculatum to compare their effectivity against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), along with chemical check (Carbofuran 3G), in a poly house against a susceptible local variety of brinjal (JC1). Data on plant growth parameters and nematode infestations were recorded 8 weeks after inoculation. Treatment of soil with Carbofuran 3G @ 9 g/m manifested best results of plant height (33.84cm), fresh weight of shoot (21.69 g), dry weight of shoot (5.22 g), fresh weight of root (12.84 g) and dry weight of root (1.32 g) and lowest infestation values of no. of galls (11.60), no. of eggmasses (17.20) and final nematode population (150.60/250cc soil) but soil treatment with T. viride conveyed significant results promoting plant growth and declining gall f...
Impact of nematode infestation on nutritional quality of some underground vegetables in Pakistan
Pakistan Journal of Nematology
During the present investigation the nutritional quality of underground vegetables infected by root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) was evaluated. It was observed that physiological and biochemical changes occurred due to the invasion of root-knot nematodes in the studied vegetables. Results show that there was a significant difference in rootknot development and reproduction in infected and un-infected host plants. Data indicates that highest reproduction rate and root-knot index was observed in vegetable plants infected with root-knot nematodes after three months as compared to un-infected (control). The physiological parameters as well as biochemical contents showed significant difference in different growth criteria and amount of nutrients between infected host plants as compared to un-infected plants (control). Growth parameters of studied vegetable plants viz., fresh and dry weight and water content were decreased by the infection of root-knot nematode as compared to un-infected (control) plants. Similarly root-knot nematode decreased the host nutrients contents viz., total carbohydrates, total soluble sugars, total protein, total phenols and amino acids. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids also decreased in nematode infected plants as compared to control. This study gave the fair report towards nutritional quality because no significant work has been done so far on this aspect in Pakistan.
nematode Meloidogyne incognita and every year this nematode causes great loss to the crop. The present study investigated the cumulative effect of two biocontrol agents viz. Pasteuria penetrans and Paecilomyces lilacinus against M. incognita. Two doses of P. penetrans i.e. 50g/Kg and 100g/Kg infested soil were applied either alone or in combination with two doses of P. lilacinus i.e. 4g spore culture/Kg and 6g spore culture/Kg of soil. Application of P. penetrans with P. lilacinus resulted into relatively better improvement in various growth attributes of chilli when compared with the individual application. Amongst the various treatments tested combined application with the higher dose of both bioagents (i.e. 100g P. penetrans infested soil with 6g of P. lilacinus/Kg) showed maximum improvement in fresh and dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check and it was almost at par with that of the absolute check. The combined application of both the bioagents at higher dose resulted in 139 and 84% increase in dry weight of shoot and root over the nematode check respectively. The combined application of both the bioagents was also observed to cause higher reduction in gall number and nematode population than their individual application except for the treatment having lower dose of the P. penetrans with P. lilacinus where reduction in both the parameters was observed to be at par with that of the either dose of P. penetrans or higher dose of P. lilacinus. Combined application with higher dose of P. penetrans and P. lilacinus showed maximum reduction of 62.6 and 82.2% in gall numbers and nematode population over the nematode check.
Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 2004
Root-knot nematodes are important pests of cut foliage crops in Florida. Currently, effective nematicides for control of these nematodes on cut foliage crops are lacking. Hence, research was conducted at the University of Florida to identify pesticides or biopesticides that could be used to manage these nematodes. The research comprised on-farm, field, and greenhouse trials. Nematicide treatments evaluated include commercial formulations of spirotetramat, furfural, and Purpureocillium lilacinum (=Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251. Treatment applications were made during the spring and fall seasons according to manufacturer's specifications. Efficacy was evaluated based on J2/100 cm 3 of soil, J2/g of root, and crop yield (kg/plot). Unlike spirotetramat, which did not demonstrate any measurable effects on Meloidogyne incognita J2 in the soil, furfural and P. lilacinum were marginally effective in reducing the population density of M. incognita on Pittosporum tobira. However, nematode reduction did not affect yield significantly. Although furfural and P. lilacinum have some potential for management of M. incognita on cut foliage crops, their use as a lone management option would likely not provide the needed level of control. Early treatment application following infestation provided greater J2 suppression compared to late application, suggesting the need for growers to avoid infested fields.
Nematol. medit, 1991
Increase in the population of plant-parasitic nematodes on potato (Solanum tuberosum) was significantly arrested when mustard (Brassica ;uncea) was also grown alongwith potato in alternate rows. There was further suppression in the population of parasitic nematodes when soil was arso treated with oil-seed cakes and leaves of neem (Azadirachta indica) and castor (Ricinus communis) and a nematicide, carbofuran. As a consequence of reduction in nematode population there was an increase in the yield of potato. The beneficial effects of all the above treatments persisted in the next growing season when okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was grown.