Biomanagement of nematode in vegetable 2011 (original) (raw)
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Pot experiments conducted for the evaluation of efficacy of biocontrol agent viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzanium and Trichoderma viride against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in Chilli revealed that soil application of P. fluorescens, Trichoderma harzanium and T. viride alone or in combination was able to control the nematode population and improve the yield. Combined soil application of P. fluorescens (@ 4 g/pot) + T. harzanium (@ 4 g/plant) and P. fluorescens (@ 4 g/plant) + T. viride (@ 4 g/pot) as soil application was effective to check the root knot nematode in chilli.
Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture, 2021
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) system is the best effective sustainable approach of protecting crops from the ravages of pests towards the goal of food sufficiency for the ever-increasing human population of the globe. IPM helps minimize reliance on chemical pesticides leading to elimination of several pesticide associated problems like environmental pollution, killing of non target organisms, residue problem, health hazards, development of resistant population of pest species, resurgence of pests, secondary pest outbreak and so on. Sustainability in crop production and protection can only be achieved by developing technologies that are based on locally available, easily acceptable and cost effective inputs. Therefore, development of new knowledge systems with emphasis on eco-friendly approaches and new IPM strategies are necessary to tackle the intensified pest-disease problems in the present time of climate change. The book contains twenty eight articles covering various aspects of crop protection. The topics cover fundamental as well as advanced and modern aspects of pest management. Here, an attempt has been taken to present some recent findings with review work in a manner considered suitable for the scientific community. We are thankful to the contributors for writing authoritative and informative articles for this volume. The opinions and text contained herein are those of the authors and we have tried to honour their ideas in the original shape. While dealing with such a voluminous work, errors are likely to occur despite best efforts. However, the onus of the technical contents rests with the contributors. This effort will definitely serve as an excellent reference material and also as a guide for research communities and students in the field of Agricultural science. We would very much appreciate receiving suggestions from readers so that shortcomings, if any, can be corrected in future editions. We are thankful to all the faculty members and especially to Dr. T.K. Maity, Principal, College of Agriculture, Tripura for their constant support and courage during this effort. We also highly appreciate the all-round cooperation and support of Sri Dipanjan Mukherjee, founder member of New Delhi Publishers for presenting and publishing this work with patience, care and interest.
Integrated nematode management practices in various crops in Haryana
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022
Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are hidden enemies of crops and are one of the many groups of harmful organisms which depend on plants for their survival. PPNs cause damage to almost all crops, however, due to their subterranean habit, microscopic size (0.3 to 10 mm length), they are invisible with the naked eye. PPNs have been described, characterized on the basis of their feeding habits i.e., plant feeders, bacterial feeders, fungal feeders, algal feeders, animal predators and omnivores. PPNs not only cause damage individually but form disease-complexes with other microorganism like fungi and bacteria. PPNs with high population density cause economically significant yield reduction in most agricultural crops. In Haryana an estimated average loss is 20-25% due to these tiny organisms. In the recent surveys it has been observed that more than 50% of the polyhouses of Haryana are infested with root-knot nematodes. Changes in agricultural conditions have a significant impact on the emergence of new nematode problems in Haryana. Damage is greater in vegetable and horticultural crops than in cereal crops. Nematode symptoms are similar to those of other pathogens and abiotic diseases such as a lack of water and nutrients. New problems identified in Haryana ⮚ Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola has been continuously increasing in traditional as well as non-traditional rice growing areas of the state. ⮚ Guava orchards in Haryana have been found heavily infested with root-knot and root-rot complex disease. ⮚ Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp. problem has been increasing tremendously under protected cultivation. Plant Responses to Nematode Infection Plants react differently to nematode infections depending on cultivar and species. The damage levels are also affected by temperature, soil moisture content, nematode type, soil characteristics, and crop
Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 2023
The behaviour of fungal pathogens in a dormant or active state under different changes by infection of the host plant parasitic nematode was related to the function of fungi. Due to RKNs on the chilli in Meloidogyneinfected pot culture, Penicillium sp. demonstrated plant growth-promoting characteristics and nematocidal activities, according to the findings of the current study. This fungus can be used as a growth promoter in Treatments 2 and 3, where a mixture of Meloidogyne sp. and Penicelliumsp. showed higher growth rates and yellowing leaves in some pots, but no knots were found in the roots however, the current research may offer a theoretical basis for a growth promoter agent for better growth in Penicillium inoculated pots and In Nematode inoculated pots, Meloidogynesp can reduce plant growth. In both Meliodogynesp and Penicillium sp inoculated pots, it was demonstrated that decreasing nematode population increased the growth habits of chilies in terms of number of leaves Therefore, it has been demonstrated that Penicellium decreases nematocidal action while promoting growth parameters in chilli plants, and that using preventative measures can somewhat lessen insect infestation in control pots.
Turkish Journal of Botany
An experiment was conducted at the University Agricultural Research Farm to study the eff ect of inoculation with biological nitrogen fi xers on growth and yield of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) cv. "Pusa Jawala" in relation to disease incidence caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. Th e growth, yield, and quality parameters of chilli increased signifi cantly with the inoculation of biological nitrogen fi xers using Azospirillum and Azotobacter. Performance of Azospirillum was found better as compared to Azotobacter. Simultaneous inoculation with biofertilisers (100% recommended dose of N-fertiliser 100 kg N per ha and farmyard manure 15 t per ha) resulted the maximum growth, yield, and quality parameters. Th us, the associative nature of the above biofertilisers helps to save 25% nitrogenous fertiliser in chilli crop. Th ere was increased content in plant nitrogen, phosphate and potash, leaf chlorophyll and residual available soil nitrogen, phosphate and potash with dual inoculation with the biological nitrogen fi xers along with recommended full dose of nitrogen fertiliser. Disease intensity was recorded in decreasing order in all the treatments but more pronounced in those where biofertilisers were added.
Biological control agents in the integrated nematode management of pepper in Egypt
Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 2020
Pepper is an important vegetable crop in Egypt and worldwide. Yet, it is usually attacked and damaged by numerous plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) especially root-knot nematodes in Egypt. This review summarizes ecology, biology, and economic value of such nematodes from the standpoint of pest management. The use of sound cultural practices and other phytosanitary measures against PPNs of pepper should be sought. Biological control agents (BCAs) rank high among other PPN management options on pepper plants given their outstanding role in sustainable agriculture. Therefore, BCAs especially those reviewed herein due to their usefulness in reducing PPN populations and increasing pepper yield should be incorporated into pepper management systems. Further aspects of BCA biology and ecology should better be understood to let them fit into existing or emerging integrated pest management strategies for growing pepper. Examples of commercially produced biocontrol agents that have become well established in several Egyptian markets and may be used against PPNs on pepper plants are shown.
Journal of Vietnamese Environment
Neem cake is a product of the cold pressing from the neem kernels to obtain neem oil. Bio-active substances from neem cake extracted solutions were evaluated for their potential to control the root knot nematodes and other pests of plants. In this study different concentrations of the solution extracted from neem cake was tested against the second stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne spp. and four phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytopthora capsici. Toxicity of neem cake extractions is represented by the EC50 value for the second-stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp. and the four phytopathogenic fungi via Probit analysis. A 5% dilution of the solvent extracting from neem cake already caused 100% larval mortality after 24 hours exposure. Undiluted neem cake extraction effectively inhibited the growth of the four phytopathogenic fungi. The EC50 value of neem cake on J2-larvae of Meloidogyne nematode and o...
Current status of plant parasitic nematodes and their management of major spice crops
Trends in Horticulture
Major spices crops such as black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) production in India is sustained losses due to several reasons. Among them, one of the major constraints are nematode infesting diseases, which causes significant yield losses and affecting their productivity. The major nematode pests infesting these crops include burrowing nematode Radopholus similis; root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on black pepper. Whereas, lesion nematode, Pratylenchus sp., M. incognita and R. similis infesting cardamom and turmeric crops. Black pepper is susceptible to a number of diseases of which slow decline caused by R. similis and M. incognita or Phytophthora capsici either alone and in combination and root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. are the major ones. Root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. is major constraints in the successful cultivation and production in cardamom. Turmeric is su...