Post Dural Puncture Headache (original) (raw)
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Post-dural puncture headache: pathophysiology, prevention and treatment
Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 2003
Post-dural puncture headache (PDPHA) has been a vexing problem for patients undergoing dural puncture for spinal anaesthesia, as a complication of epidural anaesthesia, and after diagnostic lumbar puncture since Bier reported the first case in 1898. This Chapter discusses the pathophysiology of low-pressure headache resulting from leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the subarachnoid to the epidural spaces. Clinical and laboratory research over the last 30 years has shown that use of small-gauge needles, particularly of the pencil-point design, is associated with a lower risk of PDPHA than traditional cutting point needle tips (Quincke-point needles). A careful history can rule out other causes of headache. A positional component of headache is the sine qua non of PDPHA. In high-risk patients (e.g. age ,50 years, postpartum, large-gauge-needle puncture), patients should be offered early (within 24-48 h of dural puncture) epidural blood patch. The optimum volume of blood has been shown to be 12-20 ml for adult patients. Complications of autologous epidural blood patch are rare.
Perioperative Management of post dural puncture headache
Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of interventional neuraxial procedures. It carries a considerable morbidity with symptoms lasting for several days, sometimes severe enough to immobilise the patient. If left untreated it can result in serious complication which may be fatal. It is therefore important that the doctors should aware of the methods available for reducing the incidence of PDPH. This article reviews the scientific literature involved in the management of PDPH including the epidural blood patch.
Post Dural Puncture Headache—Review and Suggested New Treatment
Open Journal of Anesthesiology, 2016
Objectives: After reading this article, readers should be able to recognize Post Dural Puncture Headache, understand its mechanism and diagnostic criteria, evaluate the different treatment options available, and be familiar with a novel treatment option. Background: Post-dural puncture headache is the most common serious complication resulting from lumbar puncture and epidural or spinal anesthetics. The syndrome is characterized by severe headache that occurs within 48 hours following the puncture, located in the frontal and/or occipital region, worsened in the upright position and refractory to routine analgesia. The syndrome incidence was reported to be approximately 1% with typical obstetric anesthesiology practice which reflects more than 20,000 cases per 2014 in the US. Two possible mechanisms are hypothesized as responsible for this syndrome; cerebrospinal fluid leakage and pneumocephalus. Multiple methods of treatment have been applied with wide-ranging results. Design or Methods: Review article with introduction of a novel treatment option. Results: We postulate that Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy can be used to treat postdural puncture headache. The rationale for treatment is dual: enhancement of fibroblast proliferation at the site of dural puncture to facilitate faster closure of the tear and compression of air bubbles in case of pneumocephalus according to Boyle's law. We also claim that hyperbaric oxygen therapy should be considered a prophylactic treatment, if a dural tear is suspected.
BMC Neurology
Background Lumbar puncture (LP) is a common and relatively safe neurological procedure. It can be complicated by post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) after both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The aim of this study is to identify the incidence, risk factors and clinical characterization of PDPH in the inpatient setting of the main tertiary neurology hospital in Kuwait. Methods We conducted a prospective observational cohort study that included patients who were admitted to neurology department at Ibn Sina hospital, Kuwait, from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, on whom, LP was performed for diagnostic and/or therapeutic reasons. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between PDPH and different clinical parameters. Results A total of 285 patients were included; 225 females (78.9%), mean age of 32.9 ± 11.7 years. PDPH was reported by 84 patients (29.5%), with mean headache onset of 1.7 ± 0.8 days, and mean duration of 2.4 ± 2.1 da...
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2020
Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is an iatrogenic condition following lumbar puncture (LP). Incidence is variable and often associated with young females. Technical features of the procedure (i.e. needle gauge) have been investigated; however there is no investigation on the method of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection. Objective: To investigate whether mild CSF aspiration is associated with increased PDPH in selected patients. Methods: 336 subjects were eligible to the study. Data on 237 patients from a tertiary neurology hospital who underwent diagnostic LP from February 2010 to December 2012 were analysed. Patient demographics, lumbar puncture method, CSF biochemical characteristics, opening pressures, and a follow-up inquire on PDPH occurrence were collected. CSF was collected either by allowing free flow or by mild aspiration. Results: The aspiration arm (n=163) was comprised of 55.8% females with mean age of 52(35‒69) years. Sex distribution was not different ...
Headache in the parturient: Pathophysiology and management of post-dural puncture headache
Journal of Obstetric Anaesthesia and Critical Care, 2011
Headache in the postpartum period is common and multifactorial in origin. Apart from primary causes such as tension headaches and migraine, secondary headaches such as post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) are increasingly common because of increasing use of regional anaesthesia and analgesia during childbirth. Preventive measures for PDPH include the use of smaller gauge pencil-point needles for spinal blocks; epidural needles of 18 G or less; using saline rather than air for epidural space identification and the use of ultrasound guidance, especially for difficult cases such as morbid obesity and spinal deformities. In case of accidental dural puncture (ADP), the choice is between inserting the catheter in an adjacent space or intrathecal catheterization. Current evidence seems to be in favour of inserting the epidural catheter into the subarachnoid space and using the intrathecal catheter for analgesia/anaesthesia after prominently labelling it as intrathecal, to prevent misuse. It should be removed after at least 24 hours and a 10 ml bolus of saline injected before removal of catheter may be helpful. Either way, having written protocols for the management of accidental dural puncture helps to reduce the incidence of PDPH. PDPH can be disabling in severity and can mar the whole experience of childbirth. In addition, severe untreated PDPH can cause complications such as nerve palsies, subdural hematoma and cerebral venous thrombosis. Conservative methods of treatment should be tried first such as adequate hydration, paracetamol, caffeine, sumatriptan or ACTH/hydrocortisone. Epidural blood patching is the most effective treatment for PDPH. It is more effective if done 24-48 hours after dural puncture. It is an invasive procedure with its own complications as well as a failure rate of up to 30%, so that a second or even third patch may be necessary. Both these facts should be intimated to the patient beforehand. Meticulous follow-up and evaluation of these patients is an important responsibility of the obstetric and anaesthetic team. Persistent headache, loss of the postural nature of the headache, altered sensorium, onset of focal neurological deficits and seizures are all features necessitating further investigation including neuroradiological imaging.
Non invasive Management of Post Dural Puncture Headache - A Comparison
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2014
Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of oral Theophylline for the management of post dural puncture headache (PDPH). Material and Method: Forty patients with PDPH, whose surgeries were done under spinal anaesthesia, were selected randomly and divided into two groups of 20 each. One group to receive conservative treatment and the other group Theophylline (400 mg) only orally. Intensity of headache was analysed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain. Assessment was done immediately before (0 h) and at 8, 16 and 24th hr of drug administration. Result: Significantly better relief of PDPH was found in Theophylline (9.3±5.7) than the conservative group (56.7 ±10.2) (p<0.001). Recurrence of headache was found in 2 patients (10 %) at 16th hr and 2 (10%) at 24th hr in the Theophylline group compared to 12 (60%) and 14 (70%) patients respectively in the other group. Conclusion: The study concludes that Theophylline in the management of post dural puncture headache may be considered the best ...
Background: Post dural puncture headache (PDPH) has been a problem for patients after dural puncture. It is one of the most frequently occurring complications following spinal anesthesia (SA). It is believed to originate from persistent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the punctured Dura, greater than the CSF production after lumbar puncture. Although the problem has been widely reported, its magnitude and associated factors has never been studied in our country. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the magnitude of post dural puncture headache (PDPH) and associated factors after spinal anesthesia among patients in university of Gondar referral and teaching hospital. Methods: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from February 25-April 10, 2013 in University of Gondar teaching and referral hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. A total of 116 patients aged 17-74 years were included in the study. Data was collected by interviewing patients using structured and pre-tested questionnaire and reviewing chart. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine the association between post dural puncture headache and independent variables. Results: Out of 116 patients who have undergone spinal anesthesia 45 (38.8%) patients developed post dural puncture headache. Sex [AOR=0.2; 95% CI: 0.058, 0.67], repeated attempts [AOR=0.22; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.54], and needle sizes [AOR=5.3; 95% CI: 1.66, 16.93] were found to be significantly associated with Post Dural puncture headache. Conclusion: Prevalence of post dural puncture headache was found to be high among patients in the University of Gondar teaching and referral hospital after spinal anesthesia (SA). The hospital management and the anesthetists of University of Gondar teaching and referal hospital should minimize the incidence of post dural puncture headache by avoiding use of big needles and repeated attempt especially on female patients.