Drug delivery systems: Advanced technologies potentially applicable in personalized treatments (original) (raw)
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Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Systems for Cancer Therapy
Pharmaceutics, 2018
Nanoscale polymers systems have dominated the revolution of drug delivery advancement. Their potential in the fight against cancer is unrivalled with other technologies. Their functionality increase, targeting ability and stimuli responsive nature have led to a major boom in research focus. This review article concentrates on the use of these smart polymers in cancer therapy. Nanotechnologies have shown potential as drug carriers leading to increased drug efficacy and penetration. Multifunctional smart carriers which can release their payload upon an external or internal trigger such as pH or temperature are proving to be major frontrunners in the development of effective strategies to overcome this disease with minimal patient side effects.
Classification of stimuli–responsive polymers as anticancer drug delivery systems
Drug Delivery, 2014
Although several anticancer drugs have been introduced as chemotherapeutic agents, the effective treatment of cancer remains a challenge. Major limitations in the application of anticancer drugs include their nonspecificity, wide biodistribution, short half-life, low concentration in tumor tissue and systemic toxicity. Drug delivery to the tumor site has become feasible in recent years, and recent advances in the development of new drug delivery systems for controlled drug release in tumor tissues with reduced side effects show great promise. In this field, the use of biodegradable polymers as drug carriers has attracted the most attention. However, drug release is still difficult to control even when a polymeric drug carrier is used. The design of pharmaceutical polymers that respond to external stimuli (known as stimuli-responsive polymers) such as temperature, pH, electric or magnetic field, enzymes, ultrasound waves, etc. appears to be a successful approach. In these systems, drug release is triggered by different stimuli. The purpose of this review is to summarize different types of polymeric drug carriers and stimuli, in addition to the combination use of stimuli in order to achieve a better controlled drug release, and it discusses their potential strengths and applications. A survey of the recent literature on various stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems is also provided and perspectives on possible future developments in controlled drug release at tumor site have been discussed.
Functional Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems in Nanomedicines
Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, 2010
Polymeric based nanomedicines have been developed for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases in human body. The nanosized drug delivery systems having various structures such as micelles, nanogels, drug-conjugates, and polyplex were investigated for a great goal in pharmaceutics: increasing therapeutic efficacy for diseases and decreasing drug toxicity for normal tissues. The functional polymers used for constituting these drug delivery systems should have several favorable properties such as stimuli-responsibility and biodegrdability for controlled drug release, and solublization capacity for programmed drug encapsulation. This review discusses recent developments and trends of functional polymers (e.g., pH-sensitive polymers, biodegradable polymers, and cationic polymers) used for nanosized drug carriers.
SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences, 2021
In the use of engineered polymers, the development of advanced drug delivery systems was carried out. The invention of smart polymers that can respond to changes such as temperature, pH or the atmosphere has led to advancement in polymer chemistry. Both potential answers are swelling/decadence. Medication targeting has been carried out using drug-polymer conjugates and drug-containing nano/microparticles. Many amphiphilic block copolymers, which are strengthened by interconnected groups to enhance the stabilisation of micellar drug carriers, as well as block copolymers containing ligands that will enable selective medication delivery in the future will be discussed. The second process for improving the performance of prescription carriers is the addition of auxiliary agents. In emerging fields such as molecular imagery and nanotechnology, evolved polymers and polymer architectures have also been established. This study focuses on advanced polymers used for both traditional and more modern applications of nanotechnology.
Advancements in Polymer Science: 'Smart' Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Cancer
The therapeutic potential of polymeric nanoparticles has garnered attention due to the multiple applications for which this technology can be used. This is particularly important for cancer as many of the cytotoxic drugs that are used to treat patients have negative side effects on healthy cells. Polymeric nanoparticle technology can reduce these negative side effects as they can be engineered to respond to the unique external environment surrounding tumors (i.e. an acidic environment and pH response) or they can target specific receptors such as folate, found exclusively on cancer cells and release their payload directly. This review will discuss the current applications of polymer nanoparticles in nanomedicine as a whole, with a focus on the development of polymeric nanoparticles and their applications as targeted drug delivery vehicles.
Recent Advances in Drug Delivery Systems
Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2011
Drug targeting to specific organs and tissues has become one of the critical endeavors of the century since the use of free drugs in conventional dosage forms generally involves difficulties in achieving the target site at the appropriate dose after or during a proper time period. Consequently, the search for new drug delivery approaches and new modes of action represent one of the frontier research areas. New drug delivery systems include lipidic, proteic and polymeric technologies to provide new sustained drug delivery with better body distribution, drug protection from the harsh external environment and avoidance of drug clearance. Many of these technologies have reached the market therefore proving the benefits of these new carriers. This review covers the generalities of those new carriers and their new advances in drug delivery.
NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY CARRIER SYSTEM: - A UPDATED REVIEW
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019
The best candidates for controlling the drug delivery system are those who do not absorb the stomach or intestines, including peptides. Medicines used to treat IBD, ulcerative colitis, diarrhea, and colon cancer are ideal candidates for local colon delivery. The conjugation of biological (peptide / protein) and synthetic polymers is an effective tool to improve control over the formation of nano scale structures of synthetic polymeric materials that can be used as drug delivery systems. Other approaches to medication are focused on overcoming specific physical barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, to better target medications and improve their effectiveness or find alternative and acceptable ways to use protein drugs, except through the gastrointestinal system, where degradation may occur. The advantage of the way of drug delivery useful for other types of drug delivery, such as oral, topical root, intravenous, intramuscular, etc.
Polymeric Delivery Systems for Biopharmaceuticals
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, 2004
Introduction: biopharmaceuticals and polymeric drug delivery The term biopharmaceutical refers to recombinant peptides and proteins that are biologically active and used to prevent or treat diseases. Biopharmaceuticals present one of the most dynamic and promising sectors of the pharmaceutical industry, having enjoyed a rapid expansion over the past few years with compounded growth rates exceeding double-digit figures largely outpacing the overall performance of the pharmaceutical market. One of the major challenges regarding biopharmaceuticals is their complex chemical structure, which gives rise to stability concerns and requires novel delivery approaches. Polymeric devices have been found to enhance both the stability of biopharmaceuticals and their delivery profile. During the past three decades, considerable progress has been established in the development of new polymers for the preparation of suitable drug delivery systems. Polymers applied in drug delivery are mainly categorized into two groups; namely, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers. Both of these two types of polymers should be safe, non-toxic, and biocompatible in order to be able to be