A simulation study on quantifying damage in bridge piers subjected to vehicle collisions (original) (raw)
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TRANSIENT ELASTO-PLASTIC RESPONSE OF BRIDGE PIERS SUBJECTED TO VEHICLE COLLISION
Dynamic loading of structures often causes excursions of stresses well into the inelastic range. Bridge piers subjected to collision from an errant truck is one such loading. Owing to heavy traffic conditions coupled with lesser space, authorities are unable to provide enough setbacks around the piers, thus subjecting them to the hazard of a vehicle collision. The present study investigates the dynamic nonlinear response of bridge pier subjected to a collision. A Finite Element Analysis is carried out using a developed code in MATLAB. Dynamic nonlinearity in the material, i.e. concrete is studied. An elasto-plastic response of the pier is obtained by varying the pier geometry, approach velocity of the vehicle and the grade of concrete in pier. The results reveal several quantities. Using these results an attempt is made to quantify the likely damage to the pier post collision. The study is intended to investigate the effect of change in grade of concrete, effect of change in speed and mass of the colliding vehicle considering material nonlinearity.
Advances in Bridge Engineering
Vehicle impact creates a dynamic loading condition at high strain rate exhibiting a unique interaction with the resisting structural members’ material properties. This interaction results in an increase in the material’s strength properties, a behavior captured in analysis via the computation of a strength factor known as the dynamic increase factor (DIF). In reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers, the concrete cover receives the initial impact from the vehicle, causing damage to this exterior surface. This makes the DIF related to the concrete material (i.e., the compressive DIF) particularly important in this initial phase of the crash scenario; thus, requiring an in-depth analysis into its effect on the performance of the pier during and after the impact event. This study initiates an investigation into the influence of the compressive DIF on the performance of RC piers under impact from vehicles classes. Of particular interest is estimating a post impact residual capacity for the...
Computational Modeling of Damages in Bridge Piers
Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe - HAL - Université de Nantes, 2022
Bridges are one of the most vulnerable structures to an earthquake damage. Due to an obsolete code for bridge design and poor construction practices in Pakistan, most of the bridges are seismically deficient. Experimental tests are helpful in assessment of bridge piers but requires considerable resources. In that account, numerical tools are also used for the assessment of bridge piers and various numerical techniques are available which can be utilized in this regard. This work focuses on non-linear modeling of bridge piers and validation of proposed computational scheme with experimental data using a Finite element based software-Abaqus. A single circular bridge pier subjected to a monotonic lateral load is modeled in the finite element software. For this purpose, a plasticity based damage model Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) is used for modeling damages in Abaqus. CDP considers concrete crushing and tensile cracking as the main failure mechanism. A constitutive model for concrete compression-Modified Kent and Park model-and tensile cracking-exponential relation for the tension stiffening-to obtain the CDP parameters are used. Mesh sensitivity analysis is performed to select a suitable mesh size as well as configuration for the numerical modeling. Additionally, the effect of step size on percentage of kinetic energy produced during the analysis is studied. Computational analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme predicts damages in accord with the experimental results.
Explicit Analysis of High Impact Collision of Heavy Vehicle on Bridge Pier on Autodyn
International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2020
In highways and Expressways vehicles pass through underbridges and other nearby supporting structures at high speeds of over 80 Kmph to 140 Kmph. The impact of heavy trucks on a bridge substructure can lead to progressive collapse of the bridge superstructure, and to disastrous accidents. This type of load should therefore be taken into consideration, especially in the design of motorway bridges. In this study a numerical investigation of high velocity impact of heavy trucks on bridge piers is investigated. Here high-speed impact in different angles are investigated and precise design measures are adopted to strengthen the bridge against heavy impacts. A nonlinear material model of concrete with damage and strain-rate effect is used to assess the impact performance of a bridge pier. From this explicit analysis further presents the results that are focused on the influence of different types of bridge pier reinforcement arrangement on their resistance to heavy vehicle impact. The performance of various types of reinforcement is analysed and compared. Practical recommendations are drawn for the design of bridge piers which can be subjected to vehicle impacts in an urban environment. The dynamic behavior of the reinforced concrete (RC) bridge pier is to be compared with the dynamic behavior of the same pier with a CFRP wrapped model
IJERT-Explicit Analysis of High Impact Collision of Heavy Vehicle on Bridge Pier on Autodyn
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2020
https://www.ijert.org/explicit-analysis-of-high-impact-collision-of-heavy-vehicle-on-bridge-pier-on-autodyn https://www.ijert.org/research/explicit-analysis-of-high-impact-collision-of-heavy-vehicle-on-bridge-pier-on-autodyn-IJERTV9IS040722.pdf In highways and Expressways vehicles pass through underbridges and other nearby supporting structures at high speeds of over 80 Kmph to 140 Kmph. The impact of heavy trucks on a bridge substructure can lead to progressive collapse of the bridge superstructure, and to disastrous accidents. This type of load should therefore be taken into consideration, especially in the design of motorway bridges. In this study a numerical investigation of high velocity impact of heavy trucks on bridge piers is investigated. Here high-speed impact in different angles are investigated and precise design measures are adopted to strengthen the bridge against heavy impacts. A nonlinear material model of concrete with damage and strain-rate effect is used to assess the impact performance of a bridge pier. From this explicit analysis further presents the results that are focused on the influence of different types of bridge pier reinforcement arrangement on their resistance to heavy vehicle impact. The performance of various types of reinforcement is analysed and compared. Practical recommendations are drawn for the design of bridge piers which can be subjected to vehicle impacts in an urban environment. The dynamic behavior of the reinforced concrete (RC) bridge pier is to be compared with the dynamic behavior of the same pier with a CFRP wrapped model
Structural Vulnerability Assessment of Bridge Piers in the Event of Barge Collision
2015
The inland waterway system in the United States is fundamental to the transportation system as a whole and the success of the nation's economy. Barge transportation in these waterways levitates congestion on the highway system and is beneficial when comparing barge transportation to other modes of freight transportation in measures of capacity, congestion, emissions, and safety. Unavoidably, the highway system intersects with the waterways, resulting in the risk of vessels collision into bridge structures. Particularly for barge impact, the literature is questioning the accuracy and oversimplification of the current design specifications. The impact problem was investigated in this research using thee-dimensional finite-element analyses. To investigate the collision of a barge into a bridge pier, a range of material models are first investigated through simulating a drop-hammer impact onto a reinforced concrete beam. A detailed model of a jumbo hopper barge is then developed, with particular detail in the bow. The barge model is examined for its response to impact into rigid piers of different size and shape. RC piers, having different shape and vi boundary conditions, are impacted by the barge model and assessed using selected metrics. The final part of the research examines the response of an existing bridge pier subject to an impact by a chemical transporter barge that frequently travels in the waterway. vii
Reliability analysis in vehicle collision with bridge pier
2012
Much work has been done in bridge design specification via a set of structural design standards called Eurocodes to cover the design of all types of structures. We analyse the accidental force on a bridge pier when it is hit by vehicles in order to assess the reliability of a bridge. The force that comes from a vehicle—called vehicle impact force—is not deterministic and it depends on some uncertain parameters, such as the mass of the vehicle and its speed on impact. All the data and uncertainty models for the parameters are given by Eurocode 1. In this paper we analyse the force that is affected by these parameters. For doing that we consider two kinds of problems where in the both problems this force is a function on a distance—the distance between the bridge pier and the side of a road passing under the bridge. One of the problems proposes a design force as a function of the distance—called reliable distance—using a strength condition, the condition on the design forces and the o...
VESSEL COLLISIONS ON BRIDGE PIERS: SIMULATION STUDY FOR DYNAMIC AMPLIFICATION FACTORS
In conventional analysis and design of bridges, piers are analyzed for dead, vehicular, and earthquake forces. As a special case, an unfendered Bridge pier may experience a vessel collision. This collision (impact) of a barge or a ship commonly known as vessel may adversely damage the structure. This paper presents an estimate of the Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) for impact due to such vessel collisions on unfendered bridge piers. Various geometries of piers are analyzed for forces arising from such a collision scene considering the Indian navigational conditions. Static and dynamic analysis of RCC wall type solid and the hollow circular piers using the finite element method is carried out. Specially made computer programs in MATLAB software are used for this purpose. The Dynamic Amplification Factors for various geometries of piers with impact force applied at different heights and angles are calculated and the results are presented in the form of graphs.
Non-linear finite element modeling of damages in bridge piers subjected to lateral monotonic loading
Scientific Reports
Bridges are among the most vulnerable structures to earthquake damage. Most bridges are seismically inadequate due to outdated bridge design codes and poor construction methods in developing countries. Although expensive, experimental studies are useful in evaluating bridge piers. As an alternative, numerical tools are used to evaluate bridge piers, and many numerical techniques can be applied in this context. This study employs Abaqus/Explicit, a finite element program, to model bridge piers nonlinearly and validate the proposed computational method using experimental data. In the finite element program, a single bridge pier having a circular geometry that is being subjected to a monotonic lateral load is simulated. In order to depict damages, Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP), a damage model based on plasticity, is adopted. Concrete crushing and tensile cracking are the primary failure mechanisms as per CDP. The CDP parameters are determined by employing modified Kent and Park mode...
Using full bridge model to develop analytical fragility curves for typical concrete bridge piers
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This study shows the effect of various numerical models on the development of analytical fragility curves for bridge piers. Two distinct models are compared: model with a single degree of freedom, and the proposed full bridge model. Bridge pier damage indexes are obtained by performing both dynamic and static nonlinear analyses (pushover and time history analysis), in order to develop fragility curves for this bridge pier. It was observed that capacity curves, ductility curves, and fragility curves, are sensitive to structural modelling.