APPARENT DIGESTIBILTY COEFFICIENT OF PELLETED FISH FEED INCORPORATED WITH WATER HYACINTH (Echhornia crassipes (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Animal Research, Volume 58 Issue 11 (November 2024) : 1887-1893, 2024
Background: Aquaculture’s explosive growth has made it more and more dependent on outside feed sources. Fish meal serves as the primary source of protein for external feed inputs. These days, it’s difficult to provide a high-protein diet at a reasonable price. Numerous investigations have been carried out to assess the viability of using plant-based protein sources in place of fish meal in a tilapia’s diet. Methods: The current study was planned to study the performance of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) when fed with Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). In the present trial, major feed ingredients were mixed in the feed at different concentration viz., 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Every day the fishes were fed at the rate of 5% of their body weight. The experiment was conducted for a period of 90 days and the sampling was carried out once in a fortnight. Result: This study suggests replacing fish meal at low concentrations or no replacement tends to increase the growth of the fish without compromising the cost of the feed. The water hyacinth diet helps to cut down the price to a greater extent as the inclusion levels are less and helps to find a new alternative in the feed industry.
Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different inclusion levels of water hyacinth leaf meal fermented with Aspergillus niger on feed utilization efficiency and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus L.). Fermented water hyacinth leaf (FWHL) at 0, 10, 20 and 30% inclusion levels were incorporated into four isonitrogenous (35% CP), and isoenergetic (18 KJ g-1 g) test diets. The fishes were stocked in 80 liters aquarium units, in a closed, recirculating indoor system. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of fish fingerlings (1.6 g average body weight) twice a day, at 6% of body weight/day, for three months. The study demonstrated that Nile tilapia fed FWHL at levels 30% had a significant negative impact (P<0.05) on weight gain, specific growth rate, feed utilization efficiency, and whole body composition. But, there were no significant changes between diets supplemented with 10% and 20% FWHL when compared with the control group. Therefore, supple...
digestibility and performance of water hyacinth meal in the diet of clarias gariepinus
SUMMARY Water hyacinth meal (WHM) as an alternative protein source was investigated in this study. Whole water hyacinth plant meal (WPM), water hyacinth leaf meal (WLM) and soya bean meal (SBM) were used to compound three isoproteic (40% crude protein) fish diets. Catfish of 11.2 ± 0.3g average weight were used for the 70-day digestibility study. Data were collected forthnightly on fish growth performance and water qualities (dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia and temperature). Fish, feeds, and faecal wastes were analyzed. Fish fed SBM-based diet had superior performance over those fed WHM-based diets with respect to Mean weight gain (MWG), Specific growth rate (SGR), Protein efficiency ratio (PER), Feed conversion ratio (FCR), Nitrogen metabolism (Nm) and digestibility coefficients (ADC). Fish fed all diets exhibited marginal difference in total feed intake but growth performance and nutrient utilization were significantly higher in fish fed WLM than fish fed WPM probably as a result of high fibre content present in WPM. Extremely low value of ammonia was recorded in water under WPM treatment (0.18±0.06 mg/l) while water under WLM and SBM treatment had significantly higher values of ammonia 0.46± 0.13 mg/l and 0.71± 0.10 mg/l respectively. These observations may be due to the presence of significantly higher fibre content in the WPM than other meals. Consequently this could be responsible for its poor digestibility values but high potential for waste water purification. Water hyacinth leaf meal (WLM) would therefore serve a better option for adoption in ensuring maximum utilization potentials of the aquatic plant both for profitable and sustainable fish production.
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2019
Fingerlings of Indian major carps (Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita) were reared in quadruplicate in 0.6x0.9x0.6 m glass aquaria in monoculture systems to evaluate the digestibility of artificial feeds for three months. Two artificial feeds experimental (40% protein) and reference (25% protein) were prepared in which chromic acid was added as digestibility marker. Feeds were given @ 4% of fish wet body weight twice a day. All the three species reared on experimental and control showed an equal growth trend. But when different species were compared among themselves, Cirrhinus mrigala yielded significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) weight than Labeo rohita and Catla catla. A similar growth trend was observed in the control group whereas, Catla catla grew the least. When digestibility of different nutrients was compared, Catla catla in the control group digested protein (76.3±0.4%) equal to that of the experimental group (81.8±4.6%). Dry matter digestibility however, was signifi...
A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of water hyacinth leaf protein concentrate (WHLPC) on survival, growth, feed conversion efficiency and carcass composition of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles. Four experimental diets containing WHLPC replacing soybean meal at 0, 15, 30 and 45% were fed to triplicate groups of tilapia fingerlings. Data shows that survival rates (85-88%), feed intake, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratios were all statistically similar among dietary treatments. However, carcass protein was higher in fish fed diets at 15 and 30% replacement levels than in those fed the control; those fed diets with 45% replacement was similar with those fed the control diet. In contrast, carcass lipid in fish fed the control diet was statistically similar with that in fish fed diets with 30 and 45% substitution levels. Increasing levels of WHLPC replacement did not significantly affect the levels of ash and NFE in fish carcass at the end of the growth trial. Conclusion: WHLPC could partially replace soybean meal in the diet of the Nile tilapia up to 45% which was equivalent to 11.7% inclusion in the diet.
Digestibility and feeding value of some feed ingredients fed to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
Aquaculture Research, 2002
The apparent digestibility of protein, organic matter and energy of high-fibre and fibre-reduced sunflower cakes, Kenya's`omena' fishmeal, anchovy fishmeal and wheat bran were investigated in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. The feeding values and protein qualities of the above ingredients were also determined at two dietary protein levels. Fourteen diets were formulated, and each was provided to three tanks containing 12 fish in Expt 1 (digestibility study) and 25 fish in Expt 2 (feeding trial). Water temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations were maintained above 26 C and 5.5 mg L À1 respectively. Anchovy and`omena' fishmeals each had an apparent digestibility coefficient for protein (ADC-P) of 90%, whereas the fibrereduced and high-fibre sunflower cakes had ADC-P values of 89% and 86%. Wheat bran had an ADC-P value of 75%, which was significantly lower than those found for the other test ingredients. Apparent digestibility coefficients for energy (ADC-E) and digestible energy values (DE) were 86% and 78% and 4003 kcal kg À1 and 3624 kcal kg À1 for anchovy and omena fishmeals respectively. The corresponding values for the plant protein sources were 42% and 30% and 2200 kcal kg À1 and 1400 kcal kg À1 for the fibrereduced and high-fibre sunflower cakes respectively. Diets based on the fibre-reduced cake had higher levels of all amino acids than those based on the high-fibre cake. Fish fed diets with 30% protein gained 40 g and had a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.87, whereas those fed diets with 20% protein gained 35 g and had a FCR of 2.2. The source of protein had a significant effect on weight gain.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pure and crude papain on the digestibility and utilization of diets containing hydrolysed feather meal (HFM) by Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) under indoor and outdoor conditions. O.niloticus fingerlings with a mean weight between 22 and 30g were stocked in aquaria and cages respectively. Recirculating water was used in the aquaria while cages were installed in an 800m2 earthen pond. The pond was fertilized with 20 kg N and 8 kg P ha-1 respectively. Liming was done once with 2500 kg ha-1 of CaCO3 at the beginning of the experiment. Five isonitrogenous (250g CP kg-1) and isocaloric (12.3 kJ g-1) diets designated as 1, 2 3, 4 and 5 were formulated. Diet 1 contained 6 % freshwater shrimp meal (FSM) and 4.5 % HFM and served as control, Two other diets were formulated from the control by adding pure papain (Diet 2) and 4.5 % PLM (crude papain) (Diet 3). The other two diets were formulated by completely replacing FSM with HFM plus pure papain (Diet 4) and crude papain (Diet 5). All fish were fed at 10% body weight day-1 in three replicates for 58 days. Results indicated that dietary levels of HFM and PLM above 4.5% led to significant (P < 0.05) growth reductions in aquaria. However, complete replacement of FSM with HFM did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect growth of fish in the cages. In both experiments, survival was similar among treatments, but protein digestibility decreased with increasing levels of HFM in the diet. In conclusion, a combination of the protein sources FSM, HFM and PLM gave the highest growth performance in both aquaria and cages. The growth depression observed for treatments 4 and 5 in aquaria was not observed in the cages, where the natural food may have provided an important nutrient supplement
Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Plant Based Diets by Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1896)
Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 2016
This study investigated the digestibility of diets formulated exclusively out of plant sources fed to Tilapia rendalli. The study was conducted at NkhataBay Fisheries Laboratory along Lake Malawi for 21 days. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using 30x30x35cm glass aquaria with each of the four experimental isonitrogeous diets containing varying plant sources replicated three times. Juvenile Tilapia rendalli (25.0 ± 1.0 g) were conditioned for 5 days to accept the artificial dry plant feed fed two times a day. Faeces were collected by stripping method using a tube and pipette, preserved in beakers and later analyzed for chemical composition. An indirect method of measuring digestibility was used to calculate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of the diets containing 1% Chromic oxide and faeces. Water quality data was measured on daily basis using a spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P=0.05 using R-statistical software. Protein digestibility coefficient ranged from 30.82% ± 0.81 to 29.21% ± 0.91. However, apparent digestibility coefficients for gross energy were slightly higher than those of other elements. Results show that nutritional and digestibility value provide a good support for the development of a system of selecting ingredients for inclusion in fish diets.
Digestibility and feeding value of some feed ingredients fed to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
Aquaculture Research, 2002
The apparent digestibility of protein, organic matter and energy of high-fibre and fibre-reduced sunflower cakes, Kenya's`omena' fishmeal, anchovy fishmeal and wheat bran were investigated in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fingerlings. The feeding values and protein qualities of the above ingredients were also determined at two dietary protein levels. Fourteen diets were formulated, and each was provided to three tanks containing 12 fish in Expt 1 (digestibility study) and 25 fish in Expt 2 (feeding trial). Water temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations were maintained above 26 C and 5.5 mg L À1 respectively. Anchovy and`omena' fishmeals each had an apparent digestibility coefficient for protein (ADC-P) of 90%, whereas the fibrereduced and high-fibre sunflower cakes had ADC-P values of 89% and 86%. Wheat bran had an ADC-P value of 75%, which was significantly lower than those found for the other test ingredients. Apparent digestibility coefficients for energy (ADC-E) and digestible energy values (DE) were 86% and 78% and 4003 kcal kg À1 and 3624 kcal kg À1 for anchovy and omena fishmeals respectively. The corresponding values for the plant protein sources were 42% and 30% and 2200 kcal kg À1 and 1400 kcal kg À1 for the fibrereduced and high-fibre sunflower cakes respectively. Diets based on the fibre-reduced cake had higher levels of all amino acids than those based on the high-fibre cake. Fish fed diets with 30% protein gained 40 g and had a feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.87, whereas those fed diets with 20% protein gained 35 g and had a FCR of 2.2. The source of protein had a significant effect on weight gain.
Nutritional value of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf protein concentrate for aquafeeds
The present study evaluated the nutritive value of water hyacinth leaf protein concentrate (WHLPC) as a potential feed ingredient for aquafeeds in general and measured the Apparent Digestibility of the Ingredient (ADI) for dry matter in Oreochromis niloticus adults. Concentrating the water hyacinth meal resulted in a 248% increase in crude protein. The apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) of WHLPC was relatively high at 76.4%. Cadmium, copper, and lead increased after protein concentration but were still considered much lower than the allowable limits set by the European Union for animal feedstuffs. The most limiting amino acid was methionine followed by lysine. The chemical score of the WHLPC was estimated to be 38.9% while the Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI) was 0.88; the latter index indicated that the WHLPC was a useful protein source and with amino acid supplementation or protein complementation could convert it to a good quality protein source for aquafeeds.