(2017, BMCR) Stephan Seiler, Die Entwicklung der römischen Villenwirtschaft im Trierer Land: agrarökonomische und infrastrukturelle Untersuchungen eines römischen Wirtschaftsgebiets. Philippika, 81. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2015. (original) (raw)
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This paper considers the dynamics of rural settlement in France during the early Middle Ages, from c.300 to c.1100. Although it is hardly possible to incorporate the mass of available settlement archaeology into a single interpretative framework, some major trends can evertheless be identified. In the southern part of France, the Roman villa system remained resilient down to c.700, and in the 5th and 6th century one can also observe a move towards nucleation with the foundation of complex stone-built hill-top settlements. In the North, those Roman villas which remained occupied underwent drastic changes, and many small timber villages were built during the 6th and 7th century. A major shift in the later part of the 7th century was marked by a significant growth in village size, a move towards formal planning, with some areas being devoted to corn processing and storage, and the appearance of boundary features, high-status residences and churches. The appearance of outsized seigneuri...
2019
Martin, F. (2019). Recent research on material culture and territorial dynamics of late Iron Age tribes in the middle Meuse basin, on the eve of the Roman Conquest In : S. Bödecker, E. Cott, M. Brüggler, E. Deschler-Erb, M. Grünewald, S. Hornung, J. Morscheiser, P. Tutlies (Hrsg.), Spätlatènezeitliche und frühkaiserzeitliche Archäologie zwischen Maas und Rhein. Beiträge zur Transformation von Landschaft und Gesellschaft. Tagung im Museum Burg Linn, Krefeld, 14–16. Juni 2018. Bonn (Materialien zur Bodendenkmalpflege im Rheinland, 28), 323-334. This paper discusses the recent researches on the transition of the Late Iron Age to the Roman Period on the territory of the civitas Tungrorum, located mainly in present-day Belgium. Focusing on material remains, the study provided the establishment of a chronological framework based on ceramics, in order to provide a synthesis about the material culture and land occupation , and to compare the results to historical sour ces. This was the subject of a doctoral thesis submitted in 2017 to the Université libre de Bruxelles. 1 The present article focuses on the method and the results of the investigation relating to the questions of land use and identities. 2 Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Beitrag diskutiert jüngste Forschun-gen zum Übergang von der späten Eisenzeit zur römi-schen Zeit im Territorium der civitas Tungrorum, das überwiegend im heutigen Belgien liegt. Ausgehend von den materiellen Hinterlassenschaften wird ein chronologischer Rahmen etabliert, der auf der Gefäß-keramik basiert. Davon ausgehend wird eine Synthese zur materiellen Kultur und Besiedlung vorgeschlagen und die Ergebnisse mit den Schriftquellen verglichen. Die Arbeit war Gegenstand einer Dissertation, die 2017 an der Université libre de Bruxelles eingereicht wurde. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschränkt sich auf jene Ergebnisse der Dissertation, die im Zusammen-hang mit Landnutzung und Identitäten stehen.
GIS in the Vineyards: Settlement Studies in Lower Franconia
J. Kunow/J. Müller (Hrsg.), Landschaftsarchäologie und Geographische Informationssysteme. Prognosekarten, Besiedlungsdynamik und prähistorische Raumordnungen. Forsch. Arch. Land Brandenburg 8 (Wünsdorf 2003) 251–258, 2003
The area of the triangle of the river Main in Lower Franconia (Northern Bavaria, Germany) is well known as a fertile region with numerous archaeological sites of every period. At least since the evolution of an agricultural economy in the Early Neolithic, the natural environment became more and more impor- tant for human societies and their every day life. The aim of the doctoral thesis summarised in this paper is to compare settlement sites and their environments of the Hallstatt period (Early Iron Age; c 750–450 BC), with those of the Urnfield period (Latest Bronze Age; c 1200–750 BC) and the Early Latène period (beginning of the Late Iron Age; c 450–300 BC) using a GIS. The analysis aims to identify which natural conditions and resources had influenced settlement behaviour, and whether there where changes over the three periods. Furthermore, the occurrence of different Hallstatt settlement types in Lower Franconia (unfortified villages, fortified hill forts, “Fürstensitze” [“princely sites”] and “Herrenhöfe” [“chiefs’ farms”]) and there relationship to different aspects of the environment are studied.
Rural Life and Industry between the Eifel and the Rhine
2017
To summarize, special features of the region’s development have been recognized relating to the stone industry and its effects on rural settlement. The Mayen vicus saw a considerable economic upswing after Augustus placed major orders for basalt handmills to equip his army. This not only accelerated the development of the vicus but soon brought prosperity to the countryside, too. At the same time, tuffstone production transformed the rural area between the towns of Mayen and Andernach. Rich quarry owners lived beside the basalt millstone quarries, but ordinary properties as well indicate that their owners profited from the stone industry. Stone processing of basalt and tuff required special workshops which differ from typical Roman villae rusticae. The production of basalt millstones was performed by vicus inhabitants as well as by the residents of medium-sized villae. The number of stone workers must have risen considerably in the course of the stone industry boom. Feeding them was a demanding task, which was obviously fulfilled by local agriculture and by imports. In the Late Roman period, the military supported the supply, production, and trade which indicates that the stone industry continued to be regarded as a matter of state interest. The fact that the fort of Cologne-Deutz was erected with local tuffstone underlines this. Not only is the “Im Winkel” burgus evidence of military activity, but so is the string of four hillforts along the river Nette, which ended with the Katzenberg near Mayen already mentioned. All told, we can say that the industrial character of the region between the Eifel and the Rhine created a specific form of settlement that was reflected in the vicus of Mayen as well as in its rural surroundings.