Efficiency and economics analysis of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (original) (raw)
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Approaches to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and their cost
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015
Cost analyses developed for fuel cells are reviewed, focusing mainly on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology, because the solid polymer membrane electrolyte is robust and operates under conditions needed for most pressing applications, especially for the automotive application. Presently, PEMFC cost is still too high for large scale commercialization. The cost of electrodes and membranes contributes substantially to the total PEMFC cost which is driving research to reduce the costs of these components so the PEMFC can be introduced into large scale power markets. A scenario analysis for PEMFC costs for an automotive application illustrates that reducing the MEA cost up to 27%
High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) e A review
h i g h l i g h t s < We examine the state of the art developments for the High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFC). < We review the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC ranging from the cell materials to the stack and stack testing. < Advantages of HT-PEMFC type of system as compared with standard PEMFCs are discussed. < The need for further research in this field, in order to fulfil those systems potential, is highlighted. a b s t r a c t One possible solution of combating issues posed by climate change is the use of the High Temperature (HT) Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell (FC) in some applications. The typical HT-PEMFC operating temperatures are in the range of 100e200 C which allows for co-generation of heat and power, high tolerance to fuel impurities and simpler system design. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC, ranging from cell materials to stack and stack testing. Only acid doped PBI membranes meet the US DOE (Department of Energy) targets for high temperature membranes operating under no humidification on both anode and cathode sides (barring the durability). This eliminates the stringent requirement for humidity however, they have many potential drawbacks including increased degradation, leaching of acid and incompatibility with current state-of-the-art fuel cell materials. In this type of fuel cell, the choice of membrane material determines the other fuel cell component material composition, for example when using an acid doped system, the flow field plate material must be carefully selected to take into account the advanced degradation. Novel research is required in all aspects of the fuel cell components in order to ensure that they meet stringent durability requirements for mobile applications.
A Review on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications & Challenges
2021
For unpolluted and effective power generation, proton exchange membrane fuel cells are reflected to be a positive technology. This interest is due to their high efficiency, high power density and no environmental pollution. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are the foremost appropriate form of fuel cells to be used in vehicles due to their low performance temperature and high power density. Proton exchange membrane is that the key component of electric cell system. But there are various challenges remaining that need to be overcome previously PEMFCs can effectively and economically substitute for the traditional energy systems. During the last few decades some, numerous efforts are made to advance the PEM cell technology and fundamental research. Factors like safe storage of hydrogen, durability and price still remain because the major barriers to fuel cell commercialization and so are the most important concern among scientists.
Fuels
This mini review discusses the sustainability aspects of various fuels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs operate by converting the chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy. The most crucial parameters in the operation process are the temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and air stoichiometry ratio, as presented in this work. The classical structure of a PEMFC consists of a proton exchange membrane, anode electrode, cathode electrode, catalyst layers (CLs), microporous layer (MPLs), gas diffusion layers (GDLs), two bipolar plates (BPs), and gas flow channels (GFCs). The mechanical behavior and the conductivity of the protons are highly dependent on the structure of the MEAs. This review discusses the various fuels and their production paths from sustainable sources. For the fuel production process to be renewable and sustainable, a hydrogen electrolyzer could be powered from solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, or hydroelectric energy, to ...
Review High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) e A review
h i g h l i g h t s < We examine the state of the art developments for the High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFC). < We review the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC ranging from the cell materials to the stack and stack testing. < Advantages of HT-PEMFC type of system as compared with standard PEMFCs are discussed. < The need for further research in this field, in order to fulfil those systems potential, is highlighted.
2010
All fuel cells require an electrolyte that is capable of selectively transporting an ionic species, but at the same time has no electronic conductivity and effectively separates the anode and cathode space in order to prevent direct reaction between fuel and oxidant. In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), this electrolyte is a thin polymeric membrane made from a polyelectrolyte that contains acidic groups as a source of charge carriers to ensure sufficient proton conductivity.
Polymer Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell: A Review
The review paper includes introduction, working principle of the PEM fuel cell and Description of water management problem in PEM fuel cell. The discussions are based on elimination of water management problem by proper design of fuel cell. The paper shows the various types of efficiency, polarization characteristics and power characteristics. It also describes the various parameters (pressure, temperature, stoichiometry ratio and humidity) which affect the performance of fuel cell, its optimum range in which fuel cell operate safely and efficiently. This paper represents the recent work done for improvement of the performance of PEM fuel cell. Fuel cell performance is increased by proper water management on the membrane. Basic parameter which enhances the fuel cell performance is Relative humidity, Flow field design, Temperature, stoichiometric ratio. With the help of this studies, we observe that the fuel ce ll performance improve by Increasing the relative humidity, temperature, pressure , stoichiometric ratio and using the split serpentine flow field instead of single serpentine flow field. The objective of this study is to explore the research in the field of PEM fuel cell and to make it cost effective for sustainable power supply.
PEM Fuel Cells for Transport Applications: State of the Art and Challenges
2009
In order to offer a true alternative to the internal combustion engine, whether fuelled with today's fossil fuels or with first and second generation biofuels, the fuel cell technology needs to mature to such a level that it meets consumer expectations with respect to vehicle performance, driving range and refueling time, while at the same time vehicle efficiency and well to tank emissions are such that overall emissions can be diminished drastically. The present paper addresses the present state of the art of fuel cell technology (PEMFC-proton exchange membrane fuel cells) for transportation, and the materials issues for both the short term and the long term that need to be addressed to fulfill the expectations.
High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)–A review
Journal of Power …, 2013
h i g h l i g h t s < We examine the state of the art developments for the High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFC). < We review the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC ranging from the cell materials to the stack and stack testing. < Advantages of HT-PEMFC type of system as compared with standard PEMFCs are discussed. < The need for further research in this field, in order to fulfil those systems potential, is highlighted.