Relevance of Monoclonal Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Unusual T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (original) (raw)
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Immunological typing of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Scandinavian journal of haematology, 1983
The blasts of 37 adult and 126 childhood cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were characterized with a panel of xeno-antisera and rosette tests. The Orthoclone monoclonal antibodies (OK series) were applied as well. Like other investigators, we were able to distinguish 4 major classes of ALL: T-ALL, common-ALL with the subclass pre-B-ALL, null-ALL, and B-ALL. We did not encounter a common-ALL antigen-positive T-ALL subclass. In both adult and childhood ALL, all classes were present, and in about the same frequency as reported by others. In children, common-ALL was the most frequent (66%); in adults, null-ALL (38%). T-ALL was seen both in adults and in children with about the same frequency (27 and 23%, respectively). We found pre-B-ALL only in children. Patients with B-ALL comprised the smallest group in both adult and children (8 and 1.5%, respectively). The application of the OKT antibodies led to recognition of 3 major subclasses of T-ALL: an immature, a common thymocyte...
Immunophenotyping of Acute Leukaemias : A Critical Analysis of 35 Cases
Medical journal, Armed Forces India, 1995
Accurate classification of acute leukaemias is essential for proper case management. The utility of monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis and classification of acute leukaemias is well established. This diagnostic utility relates primarily to two points : firstly the distinction between acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and secondly to subtypes of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Leukaemic cells were immunophenotyped using the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase techniques. The monoclonal antibodies were very useful in distinguishing cases of acute myeloid leukaemia from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with CD10 positivity showed a better prognosis. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was uncommon and was associated with unfavourable prognosis. The alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase technique served as a reliable and convenient method for immunophenotyping of leukaemias.
British Journal of Haematology, 1990
We have analysed the immunological characteristics of blasts from 89 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cases (62 adults and 27 children), by using a panel of antilymphoid and myeloid associated monoclonal antibodies (McAb) and the APAAP method, which detects membrane and cytoplasmic expression of antigens. The McAb CD19 was the marker most consistently expressed in B lineage ALL, being positive in 100% of cases, compared to CD24 and CD22 expressed in 82% and 79%. respectively. Similarly, for the T lymphoid lineage, the McAb CD3 was the most reliable and specific marker, being expressed in all TALL cases including those with an early thymic phenotype (CD7+, TdT+). * The Leu series of McAb. and anti-Lambda, were obtained from Becton-Dickinson: the Dako series, and anti-myeloperoxidase, were obtained from Dakopatts: the My series were purchased from Coulter Clone: and the McAb labelled as HCP were a gift from the Department of Immunology of HCP.
The Journal of Immunology
Based on the presence or absence of erythrocyte receptors(E) a T cell marker, acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), can be divided into E+ALL and E-ALL. We studied cell surface antigens on blasts from 12 children with untreated ALL: eight with E-ALL and four with E+ALL. Heterologous antisera were raised against thymus cells, E+ and E-ALL blasts, approximately absorbed and tested by immunofluorescence and a radiolabeled antibody assay with normal and leukemic lymphoid cells. By both methods, anti-thymus and anti-E+ALL sera reacted with human thymocytes. Specific binding of anti-E+ALL serum to T antigens was indicated by the fact that a single absorption with thymocytes abolished its binding to allogenic thymocytes, and the reactivity of anti-E+ALL serum with thymus, blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was similar to that of anti-thymus serum. After exhaustive absorption with blood leukocytes, anti-E+ALL and E-ALL sera were negative against normal lymphocytes and bone marrow cells from chil...
Immunological monitoring of residual disease in treated thymic acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Leukemia Research, 1981
Combinations of antisera to human differentiation-linked antigens were used in an indirect immunofluorescence system to identify residual leukaemic blast cells in bone marrow samples from 18 patients treated for the thymic variant of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Thy-ALL). In six patients, 0.5 to 5.0% of nucleated cells in marrow samples taken during apparent disease remission were found to have an antigenic phenotype not normally demonstrable on bone marrow cells. These cells contained terminal transferase enzyme, expressed surface human T lymphoid antigens (and in some cases cortical thymocyte antigen) but lacked Ia-like antigens. This phenotype was characteristic of Thy-ALL blasts at the time of diagnosis and at relapse indicating that these minor subpopulations were leukaemic. In the remaining 12 cases, no cells of abnormal phenotype were detected, although some of these patients later relapsed with cells of typical Thy-ALL phenotype. The above findings indicate that Thy-ALL cells may be identified during bone marrow remission by virtue of their expression of a unique combination of differentiation antigens in an anatomically inappropriate site, and that this technique is more sensitive than conventional morphological analysis. The observations also provide information about shifts of membrane marker expression in Thy-ALL.
Annals of Hematology, 1993
In 91 of 106 adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) enrolled in the treatment protocol ALL HOVON-5 between May t988 and October 1991, the immunophenotype of the leukemia was determined and correlated with clinical characteristics at presentation. The immunological marker analysis was performed in ten laboratories, all members of the Dutch Study Group on Immunophenotyping of I_eukemias and Lymphomas (SI-HON). Undifferentiated blasts were found in four patients, 67 had B-lineage ALL, 18 had T-lineage ALL, and two had biphenotypic ALL. The age of T-lineage ALL patients was lower (mean 29.3) than that of B-lineage ALL patients (mean 35.5). Tumor mass, as expressed by leukocyte count, organomegaly, and LDH, was more pronounced in T-lineage ALL. Hemoglobin and platelet count was similar in all (sub)types. CD34 was expressed in 58% of the leukemias, but most frequently in the common BALL (70%). Thirteen percent of the leukemias expressed one or more markers not associated with their lineage. In this prospective study immunological data were not evaluable for 15 patients. On four of them data were not available because of dry tap, for six patients the typing was technically insufficient, and for four patients the results were unclassifiable; with one patient the marker analysis was not performed.
Leukemia Research, 1978
The cellular specificity of antisera to non-T, non-B ALL has been assessed in a series of 545 patients (adults and children) either presenting with untreated acute or chronic leukaemia or in relapse. The ‘ALL associated antigen’ was detected and evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence using standard microscopy and with the Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter. Anti-ALL serum reacts with cells from a variable proportion of patients in the following groups: non-T, non-B ALL; Ph1 positive acute leukaemia or CML in blast crisis; AUL; and a few lymphomas. A weak but definite expression of the ALL antigen was also detected in 10% of ALLs with a thymic phenotype (Thy-ALL). Cross-absorbtion studies indicate that a single antigen or antigenic complex is shared by these various cell types. These observations are interpreted to suggest that several clinically and karyotypically distinct leukaemias involve a similar lymphoid or pre-lymphoid cell type and that the ALL associated antigen is most likely a normal gene product of that cell type or lineage involved in the disease.
Leu 7+, Leu 11a− acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia having low K cell activity and NO NK cell activity
American Journal of Hematology, 1987
The phenotypic and functional features of the leukemic blasts from a child with Tacute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) were studied. The leukemic cells lacked the usual markers of T-cell lineage (T3-, TI1-, E-sheep-) although they displayed some T-lymphocyte markers (T6+, T8+, T9+, Tlo+) and were Ty-. Furthermore, these cells had a strong reaction with anti-Leu 7 but were negative to anti-leu l l a antibody and exhibited low K cell activity, no NK activity, and showed virtually no response to PHA. These leukemic cells probably represented the leukemic counterpart of the Leu 7+, Leu lla-subset that has been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of normal individuals.
Classification and immunophenotyping of acute leukemias: a prospective study
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 1997
Over a period of 3-1/2 years, 86 cases of acute leukemia were analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) means on ficoll separated cytospin preparations of peripheral blood and/or bone marrow samples. Antibodies included in the panel were specific against Tdt, HLA-DR, CD19/CD2O/CD22, CALLA (CD1O), CD2, CD11C as well as against Ig heavy chains. Of 86 cases analyzed, 48 cases were of ALL, (25 of common pre-B ALL, 15 of pre-B/NULL and 8 of T ALL phenotype), twenty-four (24) out of 86 cases were of nonlymphoblastic (AML/AMML) type. In six cases, there was suggestion of a mixed lineage, while in 8 cases there was inconclusive diagnosis. Mean age was lower in common ALL subset of ALL as compared to pre-B/NuIl gmup (i.e., 8 vs 12 years), while in non-lymphoblastic group it was 36 years. T cell phenotype was invariably seen in young adults, who usually presented with a mediastinal mass (JPMA 47:103,1997.