2005 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated uptake (2005) 338-3.pdf (original) (raw)
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2013 Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on 137Cs uptake by plants grown.pdf
The potential use of mycorrhiza as a bioremediation agent for soils contaminated by radiocesium was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. The uptake of 137 Cs by cucumber, perennial ryegrass, and sunflower after inoculation with a commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) product in soils contaminated with 137 Cs was investigated, with non-mycorrhizal quinoa included as a "reference" plant. The effect of cucumber and ryegrass inoculation with AM fungi on 137 Cs uptake was inconsistent. The effect of AM fungi was most pronounced in sunflower: both plant biomass and 137 Cs uptake increased on loamy sand and loamy soils. The total 137 Cs activity accumulated within AM host sunflower on loamy sand and loamy soils was 2.4 and 3.2-fold higher than in non-inoculated plants. Although the enhanced uptake of 137 Cs by quinoa plants on loamy soil inoculated by the AM fungi was observed, the infection of the fungi to the plants was not confirmed.
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2013
Methods for cleaning up radioactive contaminated soils are urgently needed. In this study we investigated whether the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve 137 Cs uptake by crops. Barley, cucumber, perennial ryegrass, and sunflower were inoculated with AM fungi and grown in low-level radionuclide contaminated soils in a field experiment 70 km southwest of Chernobyl, Ukraine, during two successive years (2009e2010). Roots of barley, cucumber and sunflower plants were slightly or moderately infected with AM fungus and root infection frequency was negatively or non-correlated with 137 Cs uptake by plants. Roots of ryegrass were moderately infected with AM fungus and infection frequency was moderately correlated with 137 Cs uptake by ryegrass. The application of AM fungi to soil in situ did not enhance radionuclide plant uptake or biomass. The responsiveness of host plants and AM fungus combination to 137 Cs uptake varied depending on the soil, although mycorrhization of soil in the field was conditional and did not facilitate the uptake of radiocesium. The total amount of 137 Cs uptake by plants growing on inoculated soil was equal to amounts in plant cultivated on non-inoculated soil. Thus, the use of AM fungi in situ for bioremediation of soil contaminated with a low concentration of 137 Cs could not be recommended.
2013 Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae does not improve 137Cs JER 126, (2013), 14-19.pdf
Methods for cleaning up radioactive contaminated soils are urgently needed. In this study we investigated whether the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve 137 Cs uptake by crops. Barley, cucumber, perennial ryegrass, and sunflower were inoculated with AM fungi and grown in low-level radionuclide contaminated soils in a field experiment 70 km southwest of Chernobyl, Ukraine, during two successive years (2009e2010). Roots of barley, cucumber and sunflower plants were slightly or moderately infected with AM fungus and root infection frequency was negatively or non-correlated with 137 Cs uptake by plants. Roots of ryegrass were moderately infected with AM fungus and infection frequency was moderately correlated with 137 Cs uptake by ryegrass. The application of AM fungi to soil in situ did not enhance radionuclide plant uptake or biomass. The responsiveness of host plants and AM fungus combination to 137 Cs uptake varied depending on the soil, although mycorrhization of soil in the field was conditional and did not facilitate the uptake of radiocesium. The total amount of 137 Cs uptake by plants growing on inoculated soil was equal to amounts in plant cultivated on non-inoculated soil. Thus, the use of AM fungi in situ for bioremediation of soil contaminated with a low concentration of 137 Cs could not be recommended.
2017
After the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), we screened Japanese soybean mini-core collections to select cultivars with low 137Cs accumulation in seeds. Field tests at Fukushima Prefecture resulted in two groups of soybeans: one with low and the other with high Cs accumulation in seeds. We continued investigations to find the reasons. A reconfirmation field test and two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the 137Cs activity concentrations in various organs of soybean cultivars, focusing on the root nodules affected by single/co-inoculation with Bradyrhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in two types of soils. Oni hadaka with low, and Kuromame and Kurakake with high 137Cs accumulation properties in seeds were the test cultivars. These cultivars had similar biomass and root surface area. Total 137Cs inventory was greater in cultivars Kuromame and Kurakake. Average 137Cs concentrations were in the order: root nodules > plant root > leaf &...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2004
The diffuse pollution by fission and activation products following nuclear accidents and weapons testing is of major public concern. Among the nuclides that pose a serious risk if they enter the human food chain are the cesium isotopes 137 Cs and 134 Cs (with half-lives of 30 and 2 years, respectively). The biogeochemical cycling of these isotopes in forest ecosystems is strongly affected by their preferential absorption in a range of ectomycorrhiza-forming basidiomycetes. An even more widely distributed group of symbiotic fungi are the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which colonize most herbaceous plants, including many agricultural crops. These fungi are known to be more efficient than ectomycorrhizas in transporting mineral elements from soil to plants. Their role in the biogeochemical cycling of Cs is poorly known, in spite of the consequences that fungal Cs transport may have for transfer of Cs into the human food chain. This report presents the first data on transport of Cs by these fungi by use of radiotracers and compartmented growth systems where uptake by roots and mycorrhizal hyphae is distinguished. Independent experiments in three laboratories that used different combinations of fungi and host plants all demonstrated that these fungi do not contribute significantly to plant uptake of Cs. The implications of these findings for the bioavailability of radiocesium in different terrestrial ecosystems are discussed.
Role of the fungal mycelium in the retention of radiocaesium in forest soils
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2004
The aim of this work was to study possible binding of 137 Cs to various organic components in the soil and fungi, by using various sequential extraction procedures. The retention and binding of 137 Cs has been studied in two horizons O f /O h and A h /B of a Ukrainian forest soil.
Role and influence of mycorrhizal fungi on radiocesium accumulation by plants
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2008
This review summarizes current knowledge on the contribution of mycorrhizal fungi to radiocesium immobilization and plant accumulation. These root symbionts develop extended hyphae in soils and readily contribute to the soil-to-plant transfer of some nutrients. Available data show that ecto-mycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can accumulate high concentration of radiocesium in their extraradical phase while radiocesium uptake and accumulation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is limited. Yet, both ECM and AM fungi can transport radiocesium to their host plants, but this transport is low. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi could thus either store radiocesium in their intraradical phase or limit its root-to-shoot translocation. The review discusses the impact of soil characteristics, and fungal and plant transporters on radiocesium uptake and accumulation in plants, as well as the potential role of mycorrhizal fungi in phytoremediation strategies.
Radioprotection, 2005
Because plants significantly affect radionuclides (RN) cycling and further dispersion into the biosphere, it is important to understand the biological factors influencing RN plant uptake, accumulation and redistribution. In this respect, mycorrhizal fungi are of particular interest. The effects of ecto-mycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the transport of uranium (U) or radiocaesium (Cs) were investigated both under pot and in vitro culture conditions. Results obtained in vitro demonstrated that AM hyphae can take up and translocate U and Cs towards roots, while this uptake and translocation were not perceptible using pot culture systems with soil. These contrasting results could be due to different experimental conditions, including the K level in the external solution and the bio-availability of Cs. The in vitro studies also indicated that root colonisation by AM fungi might limit U and Cs root transport. Under pot culture conditions, they appeared to significantly reduce root to shoot translocation of U. Under the same conditions, ECM transport of Cs was demonstrated, and appeared to be dependent on fungal species. A better estimation of the potential use of mycorrhizal fungi for the phytoremediation of RN-contaminated areas is now available and will be further discussed.
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2015
After nuclear accidents, such as those experienced in Chernobyl and Fukushima, microorganisms may help purify contaminated soils by changing the mobility of radionuclides and their availability for plants by altering the physical and chemical properties of the substrate. Here, using model experiments with quartz sand as a substrate we investigate the influence of microorganisms on 137 Cs transfer from substrate to plants. The highest transition of 137 Cs from substrate to plants (50% increase compared to the control) was observed after Brassica napus L. seeds were inoculated by Azotobacter chroococcum. The best results for reducing the accumulation of 137 Cs radionuclides (30% less) were noted after the inoculation by Burkholderia sp.. Furthermore, Bacillus megaterium demonstrated an increased ability to accumulate 137 Cs. This research improves our prediction of the behavior of radionuclides in soil and may contribute towards new, microbiological countermeasures for soil remediation following nuclear accidents.
Journal of Environment Quality, 2003
cient uptake of 137 Cs into the plants and sufficient annual biomass production in fields (this often presents signifi-Phytoextraction field experiments were conducted on soil contamicant agronomic problems), this approach could provide nated with 0.39 to 8.7 Bq/g of 137 Cs to determine the capacity of five an economically advantageous system for decontamiplant species to accumulate 137 Cs and the effects of three soil treatments nating soils containing 137 Cs. This is especially true at on uptake. The plants tested were redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L. var. aureus); a mixture of redroot pigweed and spreading sites where there are no disposal facilities for radioactive pigweed (A. graecizans L.); purple amaranth (A. cruteus L.) ϫ Pow-waste and shipping large volumes of contaminated soil ell's amaranth (A. powellii S. Watson), referred to here as the amato a distant radioactive waste disposal facility is costly. ranth hybrid; Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.]; and cab-In the early 1960s soil contaminated with 137 Cs was bage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata). For control plants, the inadvertently used as fill ("landscaping soil") at several concentration ratios (CR) of 137 Cs were greatest for redroot pigweed locations around Brookhaven National Laboratory and and the amaranth hybrid, with average CR values of 1.0 Ϯ 0.24 and has become the subject of a set of experiments to investi-0.95 Ϯ 0.14, respectively. The lowest value was for Indian mustard gate phytoextraction of 137 Cs. This radionuclide, a fission at 0.36 Ϯ 0.10. The soil treatments included (i) application of NH 4 NO 3 product with a half-life of 30 yr, presents especially solution to the soil after plants had matured, (ii) addition of composted difficult issues for phytoextraction. As a carrier-free manure to increase organic matter content of the soil, (iii) combination tracer, 137 Cs tends to have relatively high K D values (the of the manure and ammonium solution treatments, and (iv) controls. soil-water partition coefficient, where K D ϭ 137 Cs con-The ammonium solution gave little overall increase in accumulation centration in soil/ 137 Cs concentration in water) with most of 137 Cs. The use of composted manure also had little influence, but the soils, meaning that it tends to be relatively immobile combination of the composted manure with application of ammonium solutions had a distinctly negative effect on plant uptake of 137 Cs. On (Sheppard and Thibault, 1990; Baes et al., 1984). While average the fraction of 137 Cs taken up from the soil was reduced by the high K D means that the 137 Cs remains accessible at 57.4 Ϯ 1.2% compared with controls. This was the result of release the surface, it also means that it tends to stay bound to the of competing ions, primarily Ca, from the manure and was observed soil and is difficult to extract. This is especially so in soils across all five plant species tested. The application of ammonium containing mica and illite minerals, which preferentially solution took place in the last two weeks before harvest. The reduction incorporate Cs into interlattice positions (Tamura and of plant 137 Cs content, by addition of the ammonium solution, as it Jacobs, 1960). To exacerbate the difficulty of phytoexinteracted with the manure, indicates that substantial quantities 137 Cs traction of 137 Cs, Cs is a K analog. Plants require significan be released from the shoots of plants as a result of sudden changes cant concentrations of bioavailable K, so addition of K in soil solution chemistry.