poisonous plants & natural pesticides PDF.pdf (original) (raw)

Contribution of poisonous plants in herbal remedies

Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioSciences, 2018

According to their mode of action, poisons are broadly classified into three groups; these three broad groups are subdivided on the basis of their effect on the body, type of composition, etc., which are available in the literature [3-5] and summarized as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1: Types of poison in clinical point of view Classification Plant toxins are classified based on their structural and chemical properties. They are grouped into alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, proteins, oxalates, enzyme inhibitors, antivitamins, phytoestrogens, volatile etheric layers, and photosensitizing substances. [1,5-8] • Alkaloids include indole alkaloids, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, tropane alkaloids, opium alkaloids, vicine and covicine alkaloids.

Handbook of Poisonous and Injurious Plants

2007

The botanical descriptions of the several hundred cited potentially toxic and injurious plants are precise, detailed, and ideally suited for all of us (clinicians and nonclinicians) who venture into the outdoors. This book will obviously be a vital resource not only for the staff of emergency departments and Poison Control Centers but also for many generalists. The barriers between botanists and physicians are so effectively broken down that the unreasonable fears and ignorance about plant ingestions are substantially alleviated. The authors' efforts should be pleasurable reading for all who enjoy investigating the beauty and unknown characteristics of our natural environment. This book is a demonstration of how successful a cooperative venture can be among rigorous thinkers and investigators from different intellectual domains. This text will expand our understanding of nature while permitting more expeditious and higher-quality clinical care.

Toxic Plants: Knowledge, Medicinal Uses and Potential Human Health Risks

Environment and Ecology Research

A toxic plant is a plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal to man or other animals. When used in small amounts and correct proportions, these plants can be used as herbal drugs with medicinal properties. According to official sources from several countries, injurious and poisonous plants are responsible for many cases of intoxications worldwide. The beauty of these plants hides their toxicity and the unawareness potentiates these situations. Therefore, this bibliographic revision is about examples of some plants associated with poisoning but used for their medicinal properties, focusing on species with anticholinergic poisons (Atropa belladonna L., Datura stramonium L., Hyoscyamus niger L.), with calcium oxalate crystals (Philodendron spp.), with cardiac glycosides (Digitalis purpurea L.), with convulsant poisons and with nicotine-like alkaloids (Conium maculatum L., Nicotiana glauca Graham), with mitotic inhibitors (Catharanthus roseus L., Colchicum autumnale L.), with pyrrolizidine alkaloids (Senecio vulgaris L.), with sodium channel activators (Aconitum napellus L., Rhododendron spp.), with cyanogenic compounds (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.), and with toxalbumins (Abrus precatorius L., Ricinus communis L.). The knowledge about toxic plants is still insufficient and makes it so important to characterize some species that cause intoxication and lethality in humans.

A review on most important poisonous plants and their medicinal properties

2021

Plants produce poisons to protect themselves, sometimes at levels toxic enough to kill human or livestock. Through trial and error, our forebears established which plants were edible and which caused harm. They then avoided the harmful species or in some cases also knowingly used them as weapons to kill rivals, criminals and animals, or as drugs to evoke hallucinations or subject victims to trial by ordeal. While knowledge of poisonous plants may have been lost among the majority of us who now buy our food in shops, scientific understanding of plant toxins and their effects has increased greatly. Poisonous plants which cause serious problems or even death are considered as 'Plant Biological Weapons'. In this review article, 12 poisonous angiosperm plant species belonging to eight different families are discussed. The general characteristics of plant species, its distribution, etymology, its toxic nature, symptoms and medicinal uses/ properties are systematically deliberated.

Mode of action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants

TOXICOLOGY (1), 2022

Plants have evolved the strategy to produce bioactive natural products as a means of defence against herbivores and microbes. Some plants produce toxins that can severely damage or kill a herbivore. The molecular mode of action of neurotoxins, cytotoxins, metabolic poisons, mutagens and toxins that affect skin and mucosal tissues are summarised and discussed. Important poisonous plants of Europe, their toxins and toxicology are tabulated, as this group of plants can provide lead compounds for the development of natural pesticides against insects, slugs or rodents.

Important poisonous plants in tibetan ethnomedicine

Toxins, 2015

Tibetan ethnomedicine is famous worldwide, both for its high effectiveness and unique cultural background. Many poisonous plants have been widely used to treat disorders in the Tibetan medicinal system. In the present review article, some representative poisonous plant species are introduced in terms of their significance in traditional Tibetan medicinal practices. They are Aconitum pendulum, Strychnos nux-vomica, Datura stramonium and Anisodus tanguticus, for which the toxic chemical constituents, bioactivities and pharmacological functions are reviewed herein. The most important toxins include aconitine, strychnine, scopolamine, and anisodamine. These toxic plants are still currently in use for pain-reduction and other purposes by Tibetan healers after processing.

A study of poisonous plants of Balochistan, Pakistan

Poisonous plants growing in the different areas of Balochistan province were reviwed for their indigenous usage and chemical constituents. A total of 23 plant species (Acroptilon Thymelaeaceae) were considered poisonous due to their toxic effects against livestock and human beings. These include one (1) tree, three shrubs, eighteen (18) perennial herbs and one (1) annual herb. Most of them are found in southern regions of Balochistan province. Despite some harmful effects on human health, these plants are also considered as medicinally important and normally used in folk medicine. It is mostly because these poisonous plants in general are not harmful to human health but cause toxicity when consumed in large quantities. However, some of these dangerous poisonous plants may also cause serious hazards on human health even if consumed in small quantities.

Role of Poisonous Plant in Medicine-Literary Review

Ayurvedaemphasis the relationship between man & plants throughout the development of human culture. The use of plants for healing purpose is very common in developing countries Medicinal plants are used indiscriminately without knowing their possible adverse effects.Theseeffects are due to the presence of some phytotoxic compound present in the plants. Since immemorial time many poisonous plant are used as a medicine.Butbefore its therapeutic use their purification means shodhanasanskara is mentioned in Samhitas. These shodhana procedures reduce toxicity of these plants and also improvetheir quality. As the action of poison is very fast because of its quality, same quality may be useful while treating the diseases when these plants are used in medicine. So formulations prepared by these poisonous plantare more efficacious and fast acting.

ETHNOTOXIC PROFILE OF POISONOUS PLANTS OF KAGHAN VALLEY WESTERN HIMALAYAS PAKISTAN

Rich accessibility of medicinal plants in the study area provides low cost health care for various ailments to local communities. This research report survey was commenced with an aim to document ethnic knowledge regarding the use of folk herbal medicine for various diseases among the local communities of Kaghan Valley. Rapid Appraisal Approach (RAA), semi-structured interviews, personal observations, group discussion with local people and meetings with herbalist were accompanied to acquire ethnomedicinal information. The current study recorded 62 poisonous plants belonging to 60 genera and 36 families. Which was reported by 243 informants (87 females, 137 males and 19 herbal specialists) from research area. The major uses of poisonous plants recorded from area were fish poison, antilice, anthelmintic, abortifacient, antiseptic, purgative and larvicides. Family Solanaceae was the most frequently used family with 6 reported medicinal plants followed by Euphorbiaceae, Papilionaceae and Ranunculaceae (4 each). The major source of herbal medicines was wild herbs (67.74%) followed by wild shrubs (22.58%) and trees (9.67). In plant part used, the whole plant (40.32%) and leaves (25%) were most dominant followed by root (16.12%) and seeds (10 %). These results suggest further phytochemical studies to explore new biological compounds for future drug discovery.