Innate and adaptive immune responses can be beneficial for CNS repair (original) (raw)
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The Journal of Neuroscience : The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
Primary damage caused by injury to the CNS is often followed by delayed degeneration of initially spared neurons. Studies in our laboratory have shown that active or passive immunization with CNS myelin-associated self-antigens can reduce this secondary loss. Here we show, using four experimental paradigms in rodents, that CNS trauma spontaneously evokes a beneficial T cell-dependent immune response, which reduces neuronal loss. (1) Survival of retinal ganglion cells in rats was significantly higher when optic nerve injury was preceded by an unrelated CNS (spinal cord) injury. (2) Locomotor activity of rat hindlimbs (measured in an open field using a locomotor rating scale) after contusive injury of the spinal cord (T8) was significantly better (by three to four score grades) after passive transfer of myelin basic protein (MBP)-activated splenocytes derived from spinally injured rats than in untreated injured control rats or rats similarly treated with splenocytes from naive animals...
Molecular Mechanisms and Consequences of Immune and Nervous System Interactions
Basic Neurochemistry, 2012
Distinguishing Friend from Foe 599 Innate versus adaptive immunity: two interacting types of immune recognition 599 Choosing between immune tolerance and inflammation 601 The Nervous System Regulates Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity 602 Functional consequences of lymphoid tissue innervation 602 Neuropeptides are potent modulators of antigen-presenting cell function 603 Immune Privilege Is Not Immune Isolation: The CNS as an Immune-Active Organ 603 The BBB and CNS-specific regulation of leukocyte influx and efflux 604 Leukocyte migration into the CNS parenchyma is a two-step process 604 Microglia, a CNS-specific macrophage and antigen-presenting cell 605 The CNS microenvironment actively regulates the phenotype of microglia and infiltrating immune cells 606 Immune-Regulated Changes in Neuronal Function and Mammalian Behavior 607 Box: One Pathogen but Three Immune Responses with Three Neurologic Outcomes
Immune response induction in the central nervous system
Frontiers in Bioscience, 2002
Immune responses in the central nervous system 2.1. Protective responses 2.2. Autoimmune responses 2.3. Other responses 3. Factors that contribute to CNS immune privilege 4. How do immune cells enter the CNS? 4.1. Entry of naïve lymphocytes to healthy CNS 4.2. Antigen presentation and response induction in CNS 4.
Immunoglobulin-mediated CNS repair
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2001
Our view of the immune system continues to evolve from a system dedicated primarily to defense against pathogens to a system that monitors the integrity of the organism and aids in repair following damage. Repair following injury to the central nervous system (CNS) is facilitated by both cellular and humoral components of the immune system. Transfer of macrophages or T cells activated against CNS antigens promote axon regrowth and protect axons from further damage. Animals immunized with spinal cord antigens and subsequently challenged with demyelination or transection of the spinal cord demonstrate better repair than animals without prior immunization. In both experimental systems, antibodies are the biologically active immune component. Human mAbs reactive to oligodendrocytes that arise in the absence of neurologic injury promote remyelination. These data support the hypothesis that B-cell clones producing mAbs reactive to CNS epitopes are a normal part of the human antibody reper...
Journal of Molecular Medicine, 1999
The irreversible loss of function after axonal injury in the central nervous system (CNS) is a result of the lack of neurogenesis, poor regeneration, and the spread of damage caused by toxicity emanating from the degenerating axons to uninjured neurons in the vicinity. Now, 100 years after Ramon y Cajal's discovery that CNS neurons -unlike neurons of the peripheral nervous system -fail to regenerate, it has become evident that (a) CNS tissue is indeed capable of regenerating, at least in part, provided that it acquires the appropriate conditions for growth support, and (b) that the spread of damage can be stopped and the postinjury rescue of neurons thus achieved, if ways are found to neutralize the mediators of toxicity, either by inhibiting their action or by increasing tissue resistance to them. In most physiological systems the processes of tissue maintenance and repair depend on the active assistance of immune cells. In the CNS, however, communication with the immune system is restricted. The accumulated evidence from our previ-