In Vitro effect of D-004, a lipid extract of the ground fruits of the cuban royal palm (Roystonea regia), on rat microsomal lipid peroxidation (original) (raw)
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Inhibition of rat microsomal lipid peroxidation by the oral administration of D002
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2000
The effect of D002, a defined mixture of higher primary alcohols purified from bee wax, on in vivo and in vitro lipid peroxidation was studied. The extent of lipid peroxidation was measured on the basis of the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). When D002 (5-100 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to rats for two weeks, a partial inhibition of the in vitro enzymatic and nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation was observed in liver and brain microsomes. Maximal protection (46%) occurred at a dose of 25 mg/kg. D002 behaved differently depending on both the presence of NADPH and the integrity of liver microsomes, which suggests that under conditions where microsomal metabolism was favored the protective effect of D002 was increased. D002 (25 mg/kg) also completely inhibited carbon tetrachloride-and toluene-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in liver and brain. Also, D002 significantly lowered in a dose-dependent manner the basal level of TBARS in liver (19-40%) and brain (28-44%) microsomes. We conclude that the oral administration of D002 (5, 25 and 100 mg/kg) for two weeks protected rat liver and brain microsomes against microsomal lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo. Thus, D002 could be useful as a dietary natural antioxidant supplement. More studies are required before these data can be extrapolated to the recommendation for the use of D002 as a dietary antioxidant supplement for humans.
Asian Journal of Andrology, 2009
The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study to investigate the effects of D-004, a lipid extract of the Roystonea regia fruit that prevents testosterone-and phenylepinephrineinduced prostate hyperplasia in rodents, on plasma oxidative markers in healthy men. We enrolled male volunteers (20-55 years) in good health and without lower urinary tract symptoms. Thirty-four eligible participants were randomized to placebo or D-004 (320 mg) capsules administered daily for 6 weeks. An interim check-up and a final visit were conducted after 3 and 6 weeks of therapy, respectively. Physical examinations were performed at each visit, and laboratory tests were performed at baseline and at treatment completion. Oxidative variables included plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total hydroxyperoxides (TOH), sulphydryl (SH) groups and total antioxidant status (TAS). We assessed treatment compliance and addressed adverse experiences (AEs) at weeks 3 and 6. At week 6, with D-004, the mean reductions of plasma MDA (26.7%), TOH (18.8%) and SH groups (31.6%), and the mean increase of TAS (35.3%) were significantly different from those of placebo (P < 0.001 for plasma TAS, P < 0.0001 for all other comparisons). D-004 did not differ from the placebo in safety indicators. There were two withdrawals (both in the D-004 group), with one due to dyspepsia (the only AE during the trial). In conclusion, D-004 displayed antioxidant effects on plasma oxidative markers in healthy men, which was consistent with findings from laboratory experimental studies.
Asian Journal of Andrology, 2008
To investigate whether oral treatment with D-004, a lipid extract of the Cuban royal palm fruit, produces antioxidant effects in the prostate tissue of normal and testosterone (T)-treated rats. Methods: In our first experiment, normal rats were distributed into five groups: one group treated with the vehicle and four groups treated with D-004 (100, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg). In our second experiment, rats were randomized into five groups: a negative control group and four T-injected groups. The latter were comprised of a positive control group treated with the vehicle, and three groups treated with D-004 (200, 400 or 800 mg/kg). Results: In normal rats, D-004 (100-800 mg/kg) inhibited significantly and dose-dependently iron-initiated malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in prostate homogenates (35.7%-80.0%) vs. the controls. D-004 (200-800 mg/kg) significantly reduced baseline MDA and carbonyl groups in prostate homogenates of normal rats to approximately 80% and 50%, respectively, and totally (100%) in T-treated rats. Conclusion: Oral treatment with D-004 reduced MDA and carbonyl groups dose-dependently and markedly in normal and T-injected rats. These findings show that D-004 given at doses effective to prevent prostate hyperplasia also produces antioxidant effects in the prostate tissue. (Asian J Androl 2008 Jul; 10: 659-666)
Challenges and Pitfalls in Antioxidant Research
Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2007
Over the last decade, much research has focused on the potential health benefits of antioxidants and indeed many synthetic and natural compounds have been evaluated for their antioxidant profile. However, in several studies only a limited number of assays, often poorly validated, are used and the techniques available frequently lack specificity. These limitations may incorrectly influence the results. This review will therefore focus on several pitfalls that may emerge in vitro and in vivo antioxidant research. First, different in vitro techniques to determine antioxidant potential are discussed, including radical scavenging assays and fingerprinting methods. As a rule, a panel of different assays is indispensable to characterize and establish in vitro antioxidant activity. Furthermore, as problems of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are only accounted for by in vivo studies, the need for in vivo antioxidant research is pointed out. Several methods to characterize the in vivo activity of antioxidants, including major drawbacks and pitfalls of some assays, have been discussed. The availability of both a representative "oxidative stress" animal model and a battery of well-validated assays to assess the broad diversity of oxidative damage and antioxidative defence parameters, are crucial for antioxidant research in vivo.
Antioxidative Effects of Certain Plant Extracts In In Vivo Systems
2020
Present study studies stress regimen for specific period every day upto 30 days and use of plant extracts in experimental animals. Antioxidant enzymes such as Superoxide dismutase, Catalse, and Glutathione peroxidase were measured along with Reduced Glutathione and Malondialdehyde and Ascorbic acid. Our results demonstrated that Catalase, Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase level decreased significantly in stress group as compared to control group. In drug treated group a significant recovery was observed. Similarly, Reduced Glutathione also decreased significantly. A significant recovery of these was observed after treatment with plant extracts. Study of lipid peroxidation demonstrated a significant increase in Malondialdehyde level after stress exposure as compared to control. This increase was significantly reduced after treatment with Withania Somnifera, Centella Asiatica and Asparagus racemosus extracts.
Effect of HD-03, a herbal formulation, on the antioxidant defence system in rats
Phytotherapy Research, 1998
The effect of HD-03, a herbal formulation was investigated on the hepatocellular antioxidant defence system in CCl 4 treated rats. Three doses of CCl 4 were administered orally with liquid paraffin (1:1) to induce hepatic damage. Twenty four hours after the last dose, blood was collected by decapitation for the estimation of serum ALT and AST. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and glycogen in the liver were estimated. Nineteen days pretreatment with HD-03 (750 mg/kg) significantly reversed CCl 4-induced changes in serum ALT and AST levels. HD-03 pretreatment also significantly reversed the CCl 4-induced changes in the different components of the cellular antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation. Pretreatment with HD-03 significantly restored the hepatic glycogen levels which were depleted in CCl 4 intoxicated rats. The observed reversal produced by HD-03 in the serum AST and ALT may be due to the membrane stabilizing potential which helps in preventing the leakage of intracellular enzymes into the systemic circulation. The increase in the hepatic glycogen levels in HD-03 pretreated rats, indicates its preventive effect on subcellular injury caused by CCl 4 , which leads to glycogenolysis, as a result of disturbance in the intracellular Ca 2 pool. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation and enhancement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes by HD-03 may be due to the direct free radical scavenging activity and reactivation of these enzymes in the liver. Thus the antioxidant potential and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation may play an important role in the antihepatotoxic activity of HD-03.
Antioxidant Therapy: Potential and Limitations
2010
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated under severe abiotic and biotic stress conditions as well as during normal physiological processes. ROS damage DNA, lipids, proteins and other cellular components leading to a number of degenerative diseases. Antioxidants like vitamin E, vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and many others are gaining importance because of their ability to reduce or impede the oxidative damage in the cell. As a result, antioxidants are being widely recommended for therapy of many diseases like cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, ageing, cataract formation, male infertility, cystic fibrosis and viral infections. Natural antioxidants have several advantages over synthetic antioxidants. On the other hand antioxidants when administered in higher amounts exert detrimental effects on health. The dose and the route of administration of antioxidants are important factors to be considered before taking in any exogenous supplements of antioxidants.
Antioxidant Therapy: Current Status and Future Prospects
Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2011
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are widely believed to cause or aggravate several human pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, stroke and many other ailments. Antioxidants are assumed to counteract the harmful effects of ROS and therefore prevent or treat oxidative stress-related diseases. In this report, recent human studies exploring the efficiency of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of various diseases are reviewed. Few antioxidants including edaravone (for ischemic stroke in Japan), Nacetylcysteine (for acetaminophen toxicity), alfa-lipoic acid (for diabetic neuropathy) and some flavonoids (polyphenolic compounds present in dietary plants), such as micronized purified flavonoid fraction (diosmin and hesperidin) and oxerutins (for chronic venous insufficiency) as well as baicalein and catechins (for osteoarthritis) have found accepted clinical use. However, despite much enthusiasm in the 1980s and 1990s, many well-known agents such as antioxidant vitamins and also more recently developed compounds such as nitrones have not successfully passed the scrutiny of clinical trials for prevention and treatment of various diseases. This has given rise to a pessimistic view of antioxidant therapy, however, the evidence from human epidemiological studies about the beneficial effects of dietary antioxidants and preclinical in vitro and animal data are compelling. We have probably wasted too much time on agents like antioxidant vitamins instead of focusing on more disease specific, target-directed, highly bioavailable antioxidants. We here discuss possible reasons for the lack of success in some clinical trials and seek to provide some suggestions to be considered if antioxidant therapy is to succeed as an effective therapeutic strategy.