Guidelines for the socio-economic analysis: issues and indicators (original) (raw)
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2006
A common characteristic of water demand in urban areas worldwide is its inexorable rise over many years, and projections of continuing growth over coming decades. The chief influencing factors are population growth and migration, together with changes in lifestyle, demographic structure and the possible effects of climate change. The detailed implications of climate change are not yet clear, and anyway will depend on global location, but must at least increase the uncertainty in security of supply. This is compounded by rapid ...
Water Demand Management Overview -Dursun Yıldız
This article provides an overview of water demand management, highlighting its importance in optimizing water usage, reducing waste, and ensuring the sustainability of water resources. Water demand management involves implementing various strategies, including water conservation, leakage reduction, demand-based pricing, public awareness, water recycling, rainwater harvesting, and efficient agricultural practices. The article explores the application of demand management in different sectors, such as households, irrigation, and industries. It emphasizes the need for accurate data, decision-making processes, and regulatory measures to effectively manage water demand. The benefits of water demand management include economic advantages, environmental protection, climate change adaptation, and enhanced water security. The article also acknowledges the challenges in implementing demand management, particularly in underdeveloped regions, and suggests the integration of both water supply and demand management approaches. Finally, it discusses the projected increase in urban population and the significance of water demand management in addressing water scarcity issues and ensuring the adequacy of water supply infrastructure for growing urban areas.
Water Resources Management, 2014
With concerns relating to climate change, and its impacts on water supply, there is an increasing emphasis on water utilities to prepare for the anticipated changes so as to ensure sustainability in supply. Forecasting the water demand, which is done through a variety of techniques using diverse explanatory variables, is the primary requirement for any planning and management measure. However, hitherto, the use of future climatic variables in forecasting the water demand has largely been unexplored. To plug this knowledge gap, this study endeavored to forecast the water demand for the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) in Thailand using future climatic and socioeconomic data. Accordingly, downscaled climate data from HadCM3 and extrapolated data of socioeconomic variables was used in the model development, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The water demand was forecasted at two scales: annual and monthly, up to the year 2030, with good prediction accuracy (AAREs: 4.76 and 4.82 % respectively). Sensitivity analysis of the explanatory variables revealed that climatic variables have very little effect on the annual water demand. However, the monthly demand is significantly affected by climatic variables, and subsequently climate change, confirming the notion that climate change is a major constraint in ensuring water security for the future. Because the monthly water demand is used in designing storage components of the supply system, and planning inter-basin transfers if required, the results of this study provide the MWA with a useful reference for designing the water supply plan for the years ahead. Keywords ANN. Climate change. Climate downscaling. Sensitivity analysis. Thailand. Water demand forecasting 1 Introduction The reliable supply of safe drinking water is the primary objective of any water utility and over the years rapid advances have been made in this regard worldwide. However, with time, the
Objectives and Challenges of Water Demand Management
Economy and Agricultural Policies, Rural Development, Rural Tourism, Rural Legislation, Agricultural Extension, 2012
As we try to point out again in this paper, water is one of the most important and scarce environmental resources, with some particular characteristics that raise serious challenges for a good management and sustainable development. First we define the concept of Water Demand Management, as a part of a Sustainable Water Management, along with stating some of its main recent political and economic issues and objectives in the European Union. Here, agriculture has been identified as a major sustainable water ...
Water Environ J, 2010
Current practices for the efficient use and management of water resources are based on the conjunctive application of water supply and demand measures. Even though options for the augmentation of water supply are widely analysed and assessed, water demand management remains an open field for study, as it is highly dependent on the socioeconomic features of a region and has a sitespecific character. This paper summarizes the guiding principles of demand management and presents some successful application examples of demand management measures from regions that cover a wide range of socioeconomic and environmental conditions in an effort to identify the critical factors for the efficient planning and implementation of demand management plans.
Water demand alternatives to the Spanish National Hydrologic Plan
Documento de …, 2002
This brochure summarizes the Working Document 02/3, Las Alternativas de Gestión de Demanda al Plan Hidrológico Nacional, prepared by José Albiac-Murillo, Javier Tapia-Barcones and Anika Meyer from the Agricultural Economics Department of the Servicio de Investigación ...
Water demand management: implementation principles and indicative case studies
2010
Current practices for the efficient use and management of water resources are based on the conjunctive application of water supply and demand measures. Even though options for the augmentation of water supply are widely analysed and assessed, water demand management remains an open field for study, as it is highly dependent on the socioeconomic features of a region and has a sitespecific character. This paper summarizes the guiding principles of demand management and presents some successful application examples of demand management measures from regions that cover a wide range of socioeconomic and environmental conditions in an effort to identify the critical factors for the efficient planning and implementation of demand management plans.
Water Supply
Water scarcity is becoming a progressively more serious global issue. Assosa town in Ethiopia faces serious water scarcity problems due to rapid population growth and urban expansion. This study aims to model the water demand of Assosa town using a forecasting model. Four scenarios were developed: population growth, living standards, water loss reduction, and a combination of these. The water demand and unmet demands for each scenario were evaluated. Results show that the demand for water and supply will vary significantly if the present state continues. In the base year (2018), the overall water demand is 2.07 gigalitres (GL) and the unmet demand is estimated as 0.096 GL. The water demand grows to 3.71 GL under the reference scenario in 2035. The combination of population growth and improved living standard scenarios is observed to impact greatly on water demand. The total water demand of this scenario was estimated to be 7.14 GL latterly in the projection period and the unmet dema...
Water use scenarios as a tool for adaptation to climate change of a water supply company
The project ADAPTACLIMA, promoted by EPAL, the largest Portuguese Water Supply Utility, aims to provide the company with an adaptation strategy in the medium and long term to reduce the vulnerabilities of its activities to climate change. We used the special report emissions scenarios (SRES) of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) to produce local scenarios of water use. Available population SRES for Portugal were downscaled to the study area using a linear approach. Local land use scenarios were produced using the following steps: (1) characterization of the present land use for each municipality of the study area using Corine Land Cover and adapt the CLC classes to those used in the SRES; (2) identification of recent tendencies in land use change for the study area; (3) identification of SRES tendencies for land use change in Europe; and (4) production of local scenarios of land use. Water use scenarios were derived considering both population and land use scenarios as well as scenarios of change in other parameters (technological developments, increases in efficiency, climate changes, or political and behavioural changes). The A2 scenario forecasts an increase in population (+16 %) in the study area while the other scenarios show a reduction of resident population (−6 to 8 %). All scenarios, but especially A1, show a significant reduction in agricultural area and an increase in urban area. Regardless of the scenario, water use will progressively be reduced until 2100. These reductions are mainly due to increased water use efficiency and reduction of irrigated land. The results concord with several projects modelling water use at regional and global level.