The Epistomo-Labral Plate and Lateral Lips in Solifuges, Pseudoscorpions and Mites (original) (raw)
Related papers
2015
Arachnids of the order Solifugae (solifuges, false spiders, sunspiders, camelspiders, Walzenspinne, windspiders) possess the largest jaws for body size in the Chelicerata. The chelicerae provide the most important character systems for solifuge systematics, including dentition and the male flagellum, both used extensively in species delimitation and diagnosis. However, the terminology used for cheliceral characters is unstandardized and often contradictory, in part because it fails to represent homologous structures among taxa. Misinterpretation of character homology may introduce errors in phylogenetic analyses concerning relationships within Solifugae and among the orders of Chelicerata. This contribution presents the first comprehensive analysis of cheliceral morphology across the order Solifugae, the aims of which were to provide a broad survey of cheliceral characters for solifuge systematics, to identify and reinterpret structures based on primary homology, revise the terminology to be consistent with homology hypotheses, and provide a guide to synonyms of terminology and character interpretations in the literature. Chelicerae were studied in 188 exemplar species (17 % of the total), representing all twelve solifuge families, 17 of the 19 subfamilies, 64 genera (46 % of the total), and the full range of variation in cheliceral morphology across the order. In total, 157 species representing 49 genera and 17 subfamilies are illustrated. Hypotheses of character transformation, particularly concerning the male flagellum, and a standardized terminology, are presented. The functional morphology of the chelicerae is iii discussed and the role of sexually dimorphic modifications to the male chelicerae in mating behavior emphasized. The revised terminology, based on hypotheses of primary homology, will facilitate solifuge revisionary systematics and provide a stronger basis for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the order and evaluating its position within Chelicerata.
Handbook of Systematic Malacology, Part 4 (Comparative Morphology / Phylogeny / Zoogeography)
was one of the most productive systematists of his time. His probably best-known work, the Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde (1929)(1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935), completed only months before his death, has become an indispensable source of information for any worker in the field. Few other works have subsequently reached the breadth and depth of information that Thiele had accumulated on the phylum Mollusca. The Handbuch was originally issued in four parts by Gustav Fischer Verlag in Jena. It was subsequently combined in two cloth-bound volumes and sold as a hard-cover edition. With each subsequent part after 1929, Thiele supplied extensive additions and corrections to the earlier text. As these additions and corrections have different dates of publication, they are included in this translation as footnote on appropriate pages rather than merged into the main body of the text. The third and final part of the English edition comprises 'Theile' 3 and 4 (the second volume of the original). The first three parts provide an indispensable resource for taxonomic and anatomical research. The fourth part is the highlight of Thiele's work completed only a few months before his death. ). Although a considerable number of his works dealt with sponges and crustaceans, he is best known for his extensive contributions to malacology. These contributions range from smaller review articles to major monographs (e.g., as part of the VALDIVIA German Deep-Sea Expedition series) to handbooks that have become standards in the field of malacology. His probably best-known work, the Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde (1929-1935) has become an indispensable source of information for any worker in the field. Few other works have subsequently reached the breadth and depth of information that Thiele had accumulated on the phylum Mollusca. His now 'traditional' systematic arrangement of taxa in the Handbuch has been followed by thousands of workers and has become the basis for the arrangement of scientific collections throughout the world. Although many parts are now outdated due to subsequent work, the Handbuch is still an important source of information and of great taxonomic significance as it comprises more anatomical data than the other major handbooks in use, i.e., Wenz's work as part of the Handbuch der Paldozoologie, or the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, and because it contains a large number of new taxa described by Thiele. To meet the demand, the Handbuch was reprinted in its original form in 1963 (by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam). Workers less familiar with the German language have had to resort to translation services, and there is likely hardly a page in the Handbuch that has not been translated at least once. Dr. Joseph Rosewater, Curator of Mollusks at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, VI D.C., initiated a request for a full English translation of Thiele's Handbuch, shortly before his untimely death in 1985.
Cheliceral Morphology in Solifugae (Arachnida): Primary Homology, Terminology, and Character Survey
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 2015
Arachnids of the order Solifugae (solifuges, false spiders, sunspiders, camelspiders, Walzenspinne, windspiders) possess the largest jaws for body size in the Chelicerata. The chelicerae provide the most important character systems for solifuge systematics, including dentition and the male flagellum, both used extensively in species delimitation and diagnosis. However, the terminology used for cheliceral characters is unstandardized and often contradictory, in part because it fails to represent homologous structures among taxa. Misinterpretation of character homology may introduce errors in phylogenetic analyses concerning relationships within Solifugae and among the orders of Chelicerata. This contribution presents the first comprehensive analysis of cheliceral morphology across the order Solifugae, the aims of which were to provide a broad survey of cheliceral characters for solifuge systematics, to identify and reinterpret structures based on primary homology, revise the terminology to be consistent with homology hypotheses, and provide a guide to synonyms of terminology and character interpretations in the literature. Chelicerae were studied in 188 exemplar species (17 % of the total), representing all twelve solifuge families, 17 of the 19 subfamilies, 64 genera (46 % of the total), and the full range of variation in cheliceral morphology across the order. In total, 157 species representing 49 genera and 17 subfamilies are illustrated. Hypotheses of character transformation, particularly concerning the male flagellum, and a standardized terminology, are presented. The functional morphology of the chelicerae is iii discussed and the role of sexually dimorphic modifications to the male chelicerae in mating behavior emphasized. The revised terminology, based on hypotheses of primary homology, will facilitate solifuge revisionary systematics and provide a stronger basis for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within the order and evaluating its position within Chelicerata.
was one of the most productive systematists of his time. His probably best-known work, the Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde (1929)(1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935), completed only months before his death, has become an indispensable source of information for any worker in the field. Few other works have subsequently reached the breadth and depth of information that Thiele had accumulated on the phylum Mollusca. The Handbuch was originally issued in four parts by Gustav Fischer Verlag in Jena. It was subsequently combined in two cloth-bound volumes and sold as a hard-cover edition. With each subsequent part after 1929, Thiele supplied extensive additions and corrections to the earlier text. As these additions and corrections have different dates of publication, they are included in this translation as footnote on appropriate pages rather than merged into the main body of the text. The third and final part of the English edition comprises 'Theile' 3 and 4 (the second volume of the original). The first three parts provide an indispensable resource for taxonomic and anatomical research. The fourth part is the highlight of Thiele's work completed only a few months before his death. ). Although a considerable number of his works dealt with sponges and crustaceans, he is best known for his extensive contributions to malacology. These contributions range from smaller review articles to major monographs (e.g., as part of the VALDIVIA German Deep-Sea Expedition series) to handbooks that have become standards in the field of malacology. His probably best-known work, the Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde (1929-1935) has become an indispensable source of information for any worker in the field. Few other works have subsequently reached the breadth and depth of information that Thiele had accumulated on the phylum Mollusca. His now 'traditional' systematic arrangement of taxa in the Handbuch has been followed by thousands of workers and has become the basis for the arrangement of scientific collections throughout the world. Although many parts are now outdated due to subsequent work, the Handbuch is still an important source of information and of great taxonomic significance as it comprises more anatomical data than the other major handbooks in use, i.e., Wenz's work as part of the Handbuch der Paldozoologie, or the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, and because it contains a large number of new taxa described by Thiele. To meet the demand, the Handbuch was reprinted in its original form in 1963 (by A. Asher & Co., Amsterdam). Workers less familiar with the German language have had to resort to translation services, and there is likely hardly a page in the Handbuch that has not been translated at least once. Dr. Joseph Rosewater, Curator of Mollusks at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, VI D.C., initiated a request for a full English translation of Thiele's Handbuch, shortly before his untimely death in 1985.
Paoliida is an insect group of highly controversial composition and equally controversial affinities. Based on comprehensive reinvestigations we propose a new delimitation of the insect order Paoliida sensu nov. associating the families Paoliidae and Blattinopsidae on the basis of the following main wing venation characters: veins CuA convex and CuP concave separating from a rather long basal stem Cu; a short, more or less distinct, but generally convex arculus brace (crossvein) between M and CuA (more distinct in forewing than in hind wing), and a broad area containing veinlets, between CuP and CuA, with a general course of CuA making a double curve (autapomorphy); CuP straight or sigmoidal. The Paoliida is considered as a neopteran clade and potential sister group of the Dictyoptera on the basis of the presence of well-defined anterior branches of CuA, with the same convexity as the median vein and more concave than the posterior branches of the same vein (synapomorphy). The polarities of the other characters shared by these clades are discussed. New diagnoses of the order Paoliida and the family Paoliidae are provided after re-examination of the type material. We attribute Herbstiala herbsti to Paoliidae and consider Herbstialidae as a junior synonym of this family. The grylloblattid family Ideliidae is considered as a junior synonym of Paoliidae, transferring genera Stenaropodites, Aenigmidelia, Archidelia, Sojanidelia, Micaidelia, Acropermula and Mongoloidelia to this family. Kochopteron hoffmannorum and Protoblattina bouvieri are newly included in Paoliidae. Protoblattinopsis stubblefieldi is reinterpreted as a hind wing having highly specialized cubito-anal structures functionally analogous to the anal loop structure of the hind wing of the Mesozoic Isophlebioidea (Odonatoptera). We attribute Protoblattinopsis to Paoliida and consider Protoblattinidae as a junior synonym of Paoliidae. Furthermore, a new Paoliidae, Silesiapteron jarmilae gen. et sp. nov. is described from Upper Carboniferous sphaerosiderite concretion of Poland.